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Öğe Antagonistic effect of oxytocin and tacrolimus combination on adipose tissue – derived mesenchymal stem cells antagonistic effect of oxytocin and tacrolimus: Antagonistic effect of oxytocin and tacrolimus(Elsevier Masson SAS, 2018) Sir G.; Goker Bagca B.; Yigitturk G.; Cavusoglu T.; Biray Avci C.; Gunduz C.; Uyanikgil Y.Tacrolimus (FK506) is a chemotherapeutic agent, which uses calcineurin pathway via inhibiting the stimulation of T cells to prevent the formation of immune response in the recipient individual in organ transplants. FK506 is mainly metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 enzyme system and is known that it has high toxic effects on different cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have recently gained importance since their potential to be used in cellular therapy and tissue regeneration. In some clinical cases, MSCs are transferred into the patient after the organ transplantations in order to support the treatment. Because of their immunomodulatory actions and assistance to the regeneration, popularity of MSCs have been increasing recently. However, since immunosuppressive agents have a potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effect on MSCs, researches have attempted to use it as a combination with an agent that alleviates these effects. Oxytocin (OT) is primarily acting as a neuromodulator in humans and is a peptide hormone secreted by the pituitary gland of the neurohypophysis. OT has such effects on cells as to confer resistance against oxidative stress on cells and to increase the proliferation and help regeneration. Studies on the active substance of FK506 were aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects on human adipose tissue derived MSCs. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic, apoptotic and morphological effects of FK506, an immunosuppressive agent, on adipose tissue - derived MSC (ADMSC) which has the potential to be used for immune suppression. In addition, it was aimed to determine whether the agent could reduce the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and morphological effects on ADMSCs when used in combination with OT. For this purpose, the cytotoxic effects of the FK506 and OT on ADMSCs were determined by time and dose dependent manner by the WST-1 test. Isobologram analysis was evaluated using the WST-1 test according to IC50 values of FK506 and OT. The apoptotic effects of the agents on the ADMSCs were determined by the Annexin V method. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine morphological changes. Changes in the levels of oxidative stress markers were measured by colorimetric and flourometric methods using lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity and glutathione peroxidase assays. The IC50 values of FK506 and OT on ADMSCs were calculated as 17.44 µM and 13.43 µM, respectively.FK506 and OT were found to have antagonistic activity on ADMSCs (CI value of the combination was 1.24). The effects of the agents individually and in combination on the levels of apoptosis and oxidative stress markers have been evaluated. When the results obtained from the study are evaluated, the adipose- tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells used with takrolimus and oxytocin combination have a potential for novel treatment approaches. © 2017 Elsevier Masson SASÖğe Apoptosis in the development and pathophysiology of the limbic system [Limbik sistem gelişiminde ve fizyopatolojisinde apoptoz](2012) Uyanikgil Y.; Sümer N.C.; Balcioglu H.A.Limbic system is involved in the intangible functions of brain like emotions, inborn and acquired emotional responses, self-awareness, ability to understand intentions of others and and memory. Apoptosis has a critical role in the developing brain and disruption of developmental apoptosis may lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. This review summarizes apoptotic processes in the limbic system during fetal brain development in normal and pathological conditions and focuses on the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis.Öğe Apoptotic effects of thymol, a novel monoterpene phenol, on different types of cancer(Comenius University in Bratislava, 2020) Elbe E.; Yigitturk G.; Cavusoglu T.; Uyanikgil Y.BACKGROUND: Cancer is a major public health problem in many areas of the world. Many anticancer drugs in current clinical use have been isolated from plant species or are based on such substances. Thymol (5-methyl-2-isopropylphenol) is an oxygenated aromatic compound from monoterpene group. It is the main constituent of thyme essential oil and shows antioxidant, antiseptic and antiproliferative properties. The aim of this study is to determine the antiproliferative activity and apoptotic effect of thymol on prostate cancer (PC-3, DU145), breast cancer (MDA-MB-231), and lung cancer (KLN205) cell lines. METHODS: The cancer cells were treated with different concentrations of thymol (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 pM) at 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The cell viability was investigated by MTT assay and analysis of apoptosis was determined with annexin V assay. RESULTS: The study showed the dose and time-dependent cytotoxic effect of thymol in PC-3, DU145, MDA-MB-231, and KLN205 cancer cell lines. Thymol significantly induced apoptosis in all groups in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between thymol-treated cell lines compared to the control (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The data in the present study demonstrated that thymol has apoptotic and antiproliferative properties in lung, breast and prostate cancer cell lines. Thymol could serve as a potential therapeutic agent in the future (Fig. 5, Ref. 26). Text in PDF www.elis.sk. © 2020, Bratislava Medical Journal. All rights reserved.Öğe Basics of artificial intelligence for assisted reproductive technologies(IGI Global, 2024) Gökhan A.; Kilic K.D.; Çavuşoğlu T.; Uyanikgil Y.In the field of assisted reproductive technologies (ART), each cycle brings high cost and long-term clinical and laboratory studies. In order to eliminate the negative effects of this process on families, the necessity of standardized ART protocols that can be applied to each individual with low cost and fast results is essential. Although artificial intelligence has the potential to respond strongly to this need, the integration of artificial intelligence into ART is slower compared to other branches of medicine. Increasing understanding of artificial intelligence by researchers will accelerate this integration. In order to understand and be able to use artificial intelligence, this chapter will first discuss the conceptual confusion in artificial neural networks, deep learning, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Finally, gaps will be filled with artificial intelligence-related application areas and examples in ART. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe Demonstration of PTZ-induced convulsive-reducing effect of butamirate citrate(Anka Publishers, 2018) Erdogan M.A.; Cinar B.P.; Kılıç K.D.; Çavuşoğlu T.; Yiğittürk G.; Çetin E.Ö.; Balcioglu H.A.; Günenç D.; Uyanikgil Y.; Erbas O.Butamirate has the possible effects on epileptic seizures, which is thought to perform central antitussive effect via medulla oblongata and nucleus tractus solitarius. In our study, these effects have been investigated on electrophysiological and clinical basis. 48 Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into two groups for EEG recordings and behavioral assesment then these two groups divided to four groups: 6 for control, 6 for saline injection, 6 for relatively-low dose butamirate (5 mg/kg) and 6 for relatively-high dose butamirate (10 mg/kg) for each. Evaluation of the behavioral analyses after giving 70 mg/kg pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) first myoclonic jerk time and racine convulsion scales were analyzed, then in different rats for EEG recordings 35 mg/kg PTZ were given and spike percentages were evaluated in same doses of butamirate. In both 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg butamirate groups the FMJ onset times were statistically higher then the saline group, similarly both 5 and 10 mg/kg butamirate groups RCS scores were significantly lower than the saline group. In terms of spike percentages, 5 and 10 mg/kg butamirate were significantly lower than the saline group. As a result in our study, we showed that 5 and 10 mg/kg doses of butamirate have anticonvulsant effects on PTZ induced rats. © 2018, Anka Publishers. All rights reserved.Öğe Development and histological features of cerebellum(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2012) Uyanikgil Y.; Turgut M.; Baka M.Cerebellum is an organ attached to the brain stem at the back of the brain inside the skull. It coordinates body motion and harmonious muscle function; arranges learning and memory; and controls body balance. The cerebellum is anatomically divided into two parts: gray and white matters and it contains various types of cells histologically. Embryologically, there are some structural differences between the cerebellar cells of the histogenesis period and adult cerebellar cells, the first appear by the formation of cerebellar draft while the latter are formed during differentiation and maturation of the corresponding embryonic neuronal cells. In this chapter, the histological and embryological features of the cerebellum will be discussed in details with special reference on its neurofunctional connections. In particular, the chapter contains a variety of figures of cerebellar sections stained with histochemical and immunohistochemical techniques for a better understanding of the topic. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Öğe Development and histology of the pineal gland in humans(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2011) Uyanikgil Y.; Turgut M.; Baka M.The pineal gland is a photosensitive organ, an important timekeeper and regulator of the day/night cycle, called circadian rhythm. In humans, the pineal organ is located at the posterior wall of the third ventricle near to the center of the brain. It develops from neuroectoderm of the posterior portion of the roof of the diencephalon and remains attached to the brain by a short stalk. The pineal gland consists of several types of cells, principally pinealocytes and astrocytes. Histologically, pinealocytes have a slightly basophilic cytoplasm with large irregular or lobate nuclei and sharply defined nucleoli. When impregnated with silver salts, the pinealocytes appear to have long and tortuous branches reaching out to vascular connective tissue septa, where they end as flattened dilatations. These cells produce melatonin and some ill-defined pineal peptides. This chapter summarizes the embryonic development and histogenesis of the pineal gland, and defines the histological features of pinealocytes and astrocyte-like cells in the pineal gland, with particular reference to light and electron microscopical as well as immunohistochemical characteristics. © 2012 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of experimental epilepsy induced by penicillin administration during pregnancy on nestin expression in the immature rat cerebellum. A light, electron microscopic, and immunohistochemical study(2004) Uyanikgil Y.; Baka M.; Yurtseven M.; Turgut M.Introduction: Recent knowledg regarding the effect of epileptic seizures in pregnant women on newborns was limited and, therefore, it was difficult to suggest the proper clinical guidelines and to take precautions against it. Studies evaluating the morphological effects of epileptic seizure during pregnancy on newborns in various experimental models are valuable. Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the morphological changes in the cerebellum of newborn pups of rats subjected to experimental epilepsy during pregnancy. Materials and methods: Swiss Albino rats were divided into three groups (six animals in each). In the first group (experimental group) an acute grand mal epileptic seizure was induced by 400 IU penicillin-G administration into their intrahippocampal CA3 region with a stereotaxic device during the 13th day of their pregnancy. The second group (intrahippocampal saline-injected sham group) and the third group (untreated animals) were the control groups. On the 1st neonatal day, pups were perfused with intracardiac fixative solution under anesthesia, and newborn cerebellums were dissected surgically for light and electron microscopic studies. Results: In an immunohistochemical study using Rat-401 monoclonal antibody and peroxidase, the intermediate filament nestin was detected in the developing cerebellar tissue. Histologically, normal migration and cerebellar maturation were determined in the newborn rat cerebellum in the control and sham-operated groups. It was observed that the morphological structure of the cerebellar cortex in the experimental group was compromised in the early embryonal period. In contrast to the control and sham groups, it was found that nestin (+) cell density was increased in the experimental epilepsy group. Conclusions: It has been concluded that epileptic convulsions during embryonic life may cause early neurogenesis and delayed maturation, which explains the harmful effects of epileptic grand mal seizures, hypoxia, and obstetric trauma to the embryo at the early stage of neuronal differentiation. However, further studies are necessary to investigate epileptic pregnant phenomena and to characterize the possible relationship between epilepsy and congenital malformations as well as mental retardation. © Springer-Verlag 2004.Öğe Effect of taurine on rat Achilles tendon healing(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2015) Akdemir O.; Lineaweaver W.C.; Cavusoglu T.; Binboga E.; Uyanikgil Y.; Zhang F.; Pekedis M.; Yagci T.Taurine has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics. We have introduced taurine into a tendon-healing model to evaluate its effects on tendon healing and adhesion formation. Two groups of 16 rats underwent diversion and repair of the Achilles tendon. One group received a taurine injection (200mg/ml) at the repair site, while the other group received 1ml of saline. Specimens were harvested at 6 weeks and underwent biomechanical and histological evaluation. No tendon ruptured. Average maximum load was significantly greater in the taurine-applied group compared with the control group (p<0.05). Similarly, average energy uptake was significantly higher in the taurine-applied group compared with the control group (p<0.05). We observed no significant differences in stiffness in both groups (p>0.05). After histological assessment, we found that fibroblast proliferation, edema, and inflammation statistically decreased in the treatment group (p<0.05). These findings could indicate greater tendon strength with less adhesion formation, and taurine may have an effect on adhesion formation. © 2015 Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.Öğe The effects of different intraabdominal pressure protocols in laparoscopic procedures on oxidative stress markers and morphology in rat ovaries(Wroclaw University of Medicine, 2014) Biler A.; Yucebilgin S.; Sendag F.; Akman L.; Akdemir A.; Ates U.; Uyanikgil Y.; Yilmaz-Dilsiz O.; Sezer E.Background: To determine the effects of different intraabdominal pressure (IAP) on the ovaries in a laparoscopic rat model. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the effects on the ovaries of different intraabdominal pressures (IAP) in laparoscopic surgery in a rat model. Material and Methods: Thirty-two post-pubertal nonpregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups. In the control group, no intraabdominal pressure (IAP) was applied. In Group Pp10 and Group Ppl5, an IAP of 10 and 15 mm Hg, respectively, were applied by carbon dioxide insufflation for 60 min, and a 30-min desufflation was carried out. In Group IPp15, a 15 mm Hg IAP was applied for 10 min, and then CO2 was desufflated for 10 min. After this ischemic preconditioning, IAP was established at 15 mm Hg for 60 min, after which CO2 was desufflated for 30 min. Erythrocyte and ovarian tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopathologic damage scores were evaluated. Results: In Groups Pp10 and Ppl5, ovarian tissue MDA values were significantly increased compared to the control group. In Groups Pp10 and Pp15, erythrocyte MDA values were significantly increased when compared to Group IPp15 and the control group. Ovarian histopatological assesment scores were significantly higher in Group Ppl5 than in Groups Pp10 and IPp15. Conclusions: Pneumoperitoneum causes injuries to abdominal organ such as the ovaries. The ischemic preconditioning method is more effective in reducing oxidative stress due to laparoscopic pneumoperitoneum than lowpressure pneumoperitoneum methods.Öğe Effects of Levetiracetam on neural tube development and closure of the chick embryos in ovo(2012) Özer F.D.; Demirel A.; Yilmaz Dilsiz Ö.; Aydin M.; Özdemir N.; Uyanikgil Y.; Baka M.Purpose: Effects of Levetiracetam (LEV) within its therapeutic range at a 50 mg/kg dose for the chick embryo in ovo has been studied in order to demonstrate whether LEV would effect neural tube closure at the macroscopic morphology or LEV administered embryos still encounter neuroglial detrimental effects at the histological level. Methods: Embryos were randomly seperated into control (n=20) and study (n=20) groups. The eggshell was windowed at specifically 24 h of incubation, and area underlying the membrane was excised to allow injection with 4.5 µl LEV in the study group, while physiologic saline (0.045 ml) were injected in the control group and each egg were re-incubated for 48 h more. Then, histological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the subjects were done. Results: Macroscopic evaluation revealed immaturity of the placental vessel network in number and width for the study group in comparison to the controls. Defects of migration, decrease in the crista neuralis content, delay of the basal plates structures in the formation of the usual configuration, and delay in the cellular proliferation and the delay of development for the central nervous system were determined in the LEV-exposed group. Immunostaining of S100 proteins in this study has clearly demonstrated increased expression patterns of both neuroglial and neuronal cell populations. Toluidine blue stainings revealed mostly bipolar, differentiating neurons and crista neuralis cells which is concordant with active migration and differentiation. Conclusions: LEV found that delay in the closure of the neural tube and microcephalic fetuses disturb further morphological, biochemical, and functional development. © Springer-Verlag 2012.Öğe Effects of metoclopramide and ranitidine on survival of flat template McFarlane skin flaps in a rat wound healing model(2014) Yilmaz Dilsiz O.; Akhundzada I.; Bilkay U.; Uyanikgil Y.; Teymur H.; Ates U.; Baka M.Wound healing re-provides the morphological integrity after trauma. We investigated the effects of Metoclopramide and Ranitidine on survival of flat template McFarlane skin flaps in an experimental wound healing model. Rats (n:32) were randomly allocated in following groups: Flap control (Control), Metoclopramide(MET), Ranitidine(RAN) and Metoclopramide+Ranitidine (MET+RAN). After flap elevation, ip 10 mg/kg Ranitidin or 5 mg/kg Metoclopramide or the combination of both drugs were administered for 3 days. Next analgesia was maintained. No additional drugs were used for controls. On 10th day, whole cut skin flaps were excised, fixed in buffered formaldehyde and processed with histological techniques. Paraffine sections were stained with Hematoxylen-Eosin, Mallory-Azan and immunohistochemically with Desmin and Fibronectin and then evaluated with light microscopy. Experimental groups showed differences for epidermal degeneration, edema, hypertrophy of the hair follicles, neutrophil infiltration and areolar degeneration. Metoclopramide or Ranitidine administration positively impacts wound healing. This unique study emphasizes the importance of considering Metoclopramide or Ranitidine for possible adverse effects on flap survival in surgical clinics, therefore the combination of both drugs is not more effective. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart, New York.Öğe Effects of silk sericin on incision wound healing in a dorsal skin flap wound healing rat model(International Scientific Literature Inc., 2016) Ersel M.; Uyanikgil Y.; Akarca F.K.; Ozcete E.; Altunci Y.A.; Karabey F.; Cavusoglu T.; Meral A.; Yigitturk G.; Cetin E.O.Background: The wound healing process is complex and still poorly understood. Sericin is a silk protein synthesized by silk worms (Bombyx mori). The objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo wound healing effects of a sericincontaining gel formulation in an incision wound model in rats. Material/Methods: Twenty-eight Wistar-Albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n=7). No intervention or treatment was applied to the Intact control group. For other groups, a dorsal skin flap (9×3 cm) was drawn and pulled up with sharp dissection. The Sham operated group received no treatment. The Placebo group received placebo gel without sericin applied to the incision area once a day from day 0 to day 9. The Sericin Group 3 received 1% sericin gel applied to the incision area once a day from day 0 to day 9. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was applied for histological analysis and Mallory-Azan staining was applied for histoimmunochemical analysis of antibodies and iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and desmin was applied to paraffin sections of skin wound specimens. Parameters of oxidative stress were measured in the wound area. Results: Epidermal thickness and vascularization were increased, and hair root degeneration, edema, cellular infiltration, collagen discoloration, and necrosis were decreased in Sericin group in comparison to the Placebo group and the Sham operated group. Malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels were decreased, but superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were increased in the sericin group. Conclusions: We found that sericin had significant positive effects on wound healing and antioxidant activity. Sericin-based formulations can improve healing of incision wounds. © Med Sci Monit.Öğe Ex vivo protective effects of nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide on rat synaptosomes treated with Aß(1-42)(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2014) Turunc Bayrakdar E.; Armagan G.; Uyanikgil Y.; Kanit L.; Koylu E.; Yalcin A.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, along with synaptic loss. The underlying mechanisms of AD are not clarified yet, but oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are important factors. Overactivation of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) enzyme has been known to cause neuroinflammation and cell death in neurodegenerative processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of the PARP-1 inhibitors, 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB) and nicotinamide (NA), against amyloid ß peptide (1-42) (Aß(1-42))-induced oxidative damage and mitochondrial reduction capacity on isolated synaptosomes. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3-AB (30-100mgkg-1), NA (100-500mgkg-1) or with saline for 7days. Synaptosomes were incubated with 10-30µM Aß(1-42) or saline for 6h at 37°C. Ex vivo Aß(1-42) treatment significantly induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in synaptosomes of the saline group, while synaptosomes of 3-AB and NA groups showed significant decreases in lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species production and protein oxidation. Moreover, both NA and 3-AB were able to improve the mitochondrial reduction capacity against Aß(1-42). These data suggest that NA and 3-AB may have protective effects in neurodegenerative processes because of the reduced levels of oxidative stress and the improvement of mitochondrial function. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd..Öğe Exogenous follistatin administration ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects(Comenius University in Bratislava, 2020) Koken E.; Oz O.E.; Uyanikgil Y.; Azak P.B.; Bilister C.; Aksun S.; Koken E.OBJECTIVES: This study was aimed to explore the effects of follistatin on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction, histopathological changes, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative damage in rats. BACKGROUND: Follistatin plays an important role in the developmental and regeneration processes of kidney by blocking the actions of activin, which is a member of transforming growth factor-? superfamily. METHODS: Twenty seven rats were separated into 4 equal groups: Control, Cp (cisplatin, 6 mg/kg, intrapertoneally (ip)), F1 (cisplatin + 1 pg/day follistatin ip for 4 consecutive days) and F4 (cisplatin + 4 pg/day follistatin ip single dose) groups. Renal health was monitored by blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and histological analysis. Apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress was investigated in kidney tissue. Activin A levels in serum and kidney were evaluated as well. RESULTS: Follistatin administration showed a considerable nephroprotective effect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by preventing renal functional and structural abnormalities, apoptosis and inflammation. The activin A levels in both serum and kidney were also suppressed by follistatin administration. CONCLUSION: Exogenous follistatin ameliorates acute kidney injury, by blocking activin A. The renoprotective effect of follistatin against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity appears to be associated with its anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic and direct nephroprotective actions (Tab. 1, Fig. 7, Ref. 23). Text in PDF www.elis.sk. © 2020, Bratislava Medical Journal. All rights reserved.Öğe Histogenesis and developmental disorders of the corpus callosum(Springer International Publishing, 2023) Tomruk C.; Şirin C.; Kiliç K.D.; Derin O.; Çelik S.; Turgut A.Ç.; Uyanikgil Y.Studies on the corpus callosum (CC), which connects the brain hemispheres, continue without interruption. Here, we discuss histology and embryology, emphasizing its anatomical features and reasoning from general to specific. Although we often refer to morphological structure and other nervous system cells in discussing the histology of the CC, we have also added insights from molecular explanations provided by the current literature. Descriptions of CC histology lead naturally to neurophysiological discussions. In the account of embryology, basic developmental steps are followed and are updated with well-established molecular findings. Embryological descriptions are more complex than histological descriptions because of the changes in dimensions. For this reason, the embryology of the CC is divided into stages for exposition. Since it is impossible to assess it except in terms of substantia alba development, neuroembryonic pathways were also used for this discussion, with support from current studies. In the final section, developmental and clinical cases are elucidated by identifying their connections to the previous sections. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.Öğe Immunohistochemical and histopathological evaluation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid-induced changes in rat kidney cortex(2009) Uyanikgil Y.; Ateş U.; Baka M.; Biçer S.; Öztaş E.; Ergen G.This study aims to investigate the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on rat kidney cortex histology. Oral exposure of rats to 2,4-D for 28 days resulted in decreases in body weight gain and kidney weight. Histological examination showed degeneration in renal corpuscles and podocytes; vacuolization in the glomerulus with disintegration of the basal membrane; tissue edema; vacuolization, cystic dilation and invagination of the basal laminae in the tubular structures; dilation and congestion in renal corpuscular vessels and marked decrease in glomerular and stromal fibronectin reaction; suggesting that subacute 2,4-D administration induces dose-dependent histopathological degenerative effects in rat kidney cortex. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.Öğe Influence of penicillin-induced epileptic activity during pregnancy on postnatal hippocampal nestin expression in rats: Light and electron microscopic observations(2004) Baka M.; Uyanikgil Y.; Yurtseven M.; Turgut M.Objects: Current data concerning the effects of maternal epileptic phenomena on newborns are limited. In clinical practice, therefore, it is difficult to suggest proper guidelines on this issue. This study was carried out to investigate the morphological changes in the hippocampus of newborn pups of rats subjected to experimental epilepsy during pregnancy. Methods: Eighteen Swiss Albino rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=6): experimental group, saline-injected sham surgery group, and intact control group. In the experimental group of rats, an acute grand mal epileptic seizure was induced by 400 IU penicillin-G administration into their intrahippocampal CA3 region with a stereotaxic device during the 13th day of their pregnancy. On the first neonatal day, pups were perfused with intracardiac fixative solution under anesthesia, and newborn hippocampi were dissected surgically for light and electron microscopic examinations. In an immunohistochemical study using Rat-401 monoclonal antibody and peroxidase, nestin expression was analyzed in the developing hippocampal tissue. Results: Histologically, normal migration and hippocampal maturation were determined in the newborn rat hippocampus in the control and the sham-operated groups. It was observed that the morphological structure of hippocampus in the experimental group corresponded to the early embryonal period. Most importantly, it was found that nestin (+) cell density was increased in the experimental epilepsy group in contrast to the control and sham groups. Conclusion: It has been concluded that epileptic seizures during embryonic life may cause impaired hippocampal neurogenesis and maturation, explaining the potentially harmful effects of epileptic seizures on the embryo at the early stage of neuronal differentiation. This is the first report regarding the alterations in nestin expression in newborn rat hippocampus. In the light of such findings, it will also be necessary to evaluate the functional consequences of a variety of epileptic seizures on learning and memory in neonates. © Springer-Verlag 2004.Öğe The insular cortex: Histological and embryological evaluation(Springer International Publishing, 2018) Uyanikgil Y.; Cavusoglu T.; Celik S.; Kilic K.D.; Turgut M.[No abstract available]Öğe Light microscopy investigation of the immune system cells of hirudo medicinalis linnaeus, 1758(Taru Publications, 2017) Atalayin I.; Akat E.; Ankan H.; Uyanikgil Y.The present study was carried out to determine hemocyte types of medical leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Four hemocytes types were identified; prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes and eleocytes. They were characterized by light microscopy according to size, presence or absence of grarules and nucleus/cytoplasm ratio. The prohemocytes were the smallest cells with large nuclei in the hemolymph. Plasmatocytes were polymorphic, varied from ovoid to spindle-shaped cells. Plasmatocytes were The most abundant hemocyte type in the hemolymph of H. medicinalis. Granulocytes were elliptical in shape and characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules. Eleocytes were spherical cells with homogeneous and slightly granular cytoplasm. The aim of this study was to characterise the hemocytes in H. medicinalis and to determine whether any differences from other invertebrates in terms of hemocyte types due to use in medical targets.
