Thyroid Function and Ultrasonography Abnormalities in Lithium-Treated Bipolar Patients: A Cross-sectional Study with Healthy Controls

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dc.contributor.authorKuman Tuncel, Ozlem
dc.contributor.authorAkdeniz, Fisun
dc.contributor.authorOzbek, Suha Sureyya
dc.contributor.authorKavukcu, Gulgun
dc.contributor.authorUnal Kocabas, Gokcen
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-27T11:07:42Z
dc.date.available2019-10-27T11:07:42Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.departmentEge Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Lithium has many effects on thyroid physiology. Although these side effects have been known for a long time, large sample studies of lithium-treated patients using ultrasonography are lacking. The aim of this study is to investigate the detailed thyroid mor-phologies, hormone levels, and antibodies of lithium-treated patients compared with healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 84 lithium-treated patients with bipolar disorder and 65 gender and age similar controls who had never been exposed to lithium. Subjects between 18 and 65 years of age were eligible for the study. Venous blood samples were acquired to determine the levels of free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid antibodies; also, ultrasonographic examinations of the patients' thyroid glands were performed. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in smoking habits, known thyroid disease, thyroid medication use, familial thyroid disease, fT4 level, autoimmunity, thyroid nodule presence, or Hashimoto's thyroiditis between the lithium and control groups. The median TSH level and thyroid volume were significantly higher in the lithium group. In the lithium group, 14 cases (16.7%) of hypothyroidism, seven cases (8.3%) of subclinical hypothyroidism, and one case (1.2%) of subclinical hyperthyroidism were defined; in the control group, seven cases (10.8%) of hypothyroidism and two cases (3.1%) of subclinical hyperthyroidism were defined. Thyroid dysfunction, goiter, parenchymal abnormality, ultrasonographically defined thyroid abnormality, and thyroid disorder were found to be more prevalent in the lithium group. 90% of patients with goiter and 74.3% of patients with ultrasonographic pathologies were euthyroid. Conclusion: It is important to note that 90% of the patients with goiter were euthyroid. This indicates that monitoring by blood test alone is insufficient. The prevalence rates of 47.6% for goiter and 83.3% for ultrasonographic pathology demonstrate that ultasonographic follow-up may be useful in lithium-treated patients. To determine whether routine ultrasonographic examination is necessary, large sample prospective studies are necessary due to the limitations of this study.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipEge University Scientific Research Project Grant; Psychiatric Association of Turkeyen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was supported by Ege University Scientific Research Project Grant and Psychiatric Association of Turkey.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.5152/npa.2017.12457
dc.identifier.endpage115en_US
dc.identifier.issn1300-0667
dc.identifier.issn1309-4866
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.pmid28680307en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ3en_US
dc.identifier.startpage108en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.5152/npa.2017.12457
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11454/32065
dc.identifier.volume54en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000404296300004en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakTR-Dizinen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAvesen_US
dc.relation.ispartofNoropsikiyatri Arsivi-Archives of Neuropsychiatryen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectGoiteren_US
dc.subjecthypothyroidismen_US
dc.subjectlithiumen_US
dc.subjectthyroid glanden_US
dc.subjectultrasonographyen_US
dc.titleThyroid Function and Ultrasonography Abnormalities in Lithium-Treated Bipolar Patients: A Cross-sectional Study with Healthy Controlsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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