Biological and physical properties of calcium hydroxide-based pulp-capping materials and their modifications

Purpose: To evaluate the biological and physical properties of calcium hydroxide -containing pulp -capping materials and their modifications with different solutions and antioxidant Resveratrol (RES) addition. Methods: Calcium hydroxide+distilled-water:C, calcium hydroxide+saline:S, calcium hydroxide+synthetic tissue fluid:STF, Dycal:D, calcium hydroxide+distilled-water+RES:C+RES, calcium hydroxide+saline+RES:S+RES, calcium hydroxide+synthetic tissue fluid+RES:STF+RES, Dycal+RES:D+RES were tested. Cytotoxicity was determined by WST-1. Antibacterial -activity was evaluated by agar -diffusion. The water -absorption and solubility were examined for ISO -6876 and ISO -3107. The color -change was evaluated by spectrophotometer. Radiopacity was evaluated for ISO -6876 and ISO -9917. The normal distribution and homogeneity were determined and comparisons were made with appropriate analysis and post hoc tests (P < 0.05). Results: The highest cell -viability was determined in the C+RES and the lowest was in D and D+RES after 24 h (P < 0.0001). RES-addition increased cell -viability and the highest rate was detected in C+RES, S+RES and STF+RES after 48 h (P < 0.0001). A limited inhibition -zone against Streptococcus mutans was detected in D and D+RES. RES-addition did not change the water -absorption in S and STF or the solubility in S group. Conclusion: RES-addition may be used to increase the biocompatibility of calcium hydroxide without any adverse effect on physical properties. Saline may be the first choice as a mixing solution.