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Öğe The analgesic role of ketamine in TIVA with propofol [PROPOFOL ILE YAPILAN TOTAL INTRAVENOZ ANESTEZIDE ANALJEZIK OLARAK KETAMIN'IN YERI](1997) Oztekin S.; Erhan E.; Mert S.; Certug A.This study was planned to compare the differences between the effects of propofol-ketamine and propofol-fentanyl total intravenous anaesthesia on hemodynamic parameters and recovery from anesthesia. Two groups were obtained from 20 patients (ASA class I-II) and the 1st. group received I.V. 10 µg/kg atropin, I.V. 2.5 mg/kg propofol, 2 µg/kg fentanyl for induction while I.V. 1 mg/kg ketamine replaced fentanyl in the 2nd group. During maintenance of anesthesia propofol was infused at a rate of 8 mg/kg/hr during first 10 min., 6 mg/kg/hr during second 10 min. and 4 mg/kg/hr thereafter. In addition 2 µg/kg/hr fentanyl was infused in the 1st. group and 2 mg/kg/hr ketamine in the second group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate and quality of recovery were compared between groups. There were statistically significant decreases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and heart rate in the first group (p<0.05). A more stable hemodynamic status was observed in the second group. Whereas time to recovery was longer in the second group (p<0.05). In conclusion, we recommend the propofol ketamine combination for TIVA due to stable hemodynamic status provided during the surgical procedures.Öğe Comparison between effects of halothane and sevoflurane in pediatric outpatient anaesthesia [Gunubirlik cocuk anestezisinde halotan ve sevofluran etkilerinin karasilastirilmasi](1999) Cevik A.; Erakgun A.; Balcioglu T.; Mert S.; Ugur G.Induction, recovery and haemodynamic effects of halothane and sevoflurane were compared in pediatric outpatient anaesthesia. Thirty-one children (aged 2-9 years) undergoing outpatient surgery were randomly divided into two groups. The musk induction was maintained in 16 children with halothane (Group I) and in 15 children with sevoflurane (Group II). Induction of anaesthesia was maintained with halothane (Group I) and with sevoflurane (Group II) in a mixture of oxygen and nitrous oxide (33:67). The inspired concentrations used for inhalation via mask were increased 0.5-1 % every two- three breaths for both groups. Durations of induction (loss of eyelash reflex), eye-opening, recovery and anaesthesia, 10th and 20th min Steward Recovery Score and concentration of gas of both groups compared; heart rate and mean arterial pressure were compared in each group. There wasn't a significant difference between the two groups in duration of induction (Group I: 67.1±14.3 sec, Group II: 63.7±12.8 sec). Whereas duration of eye- opening and recovery periods were found to be statistically significant short in Group II (duration of eye-opening 5±1.6 min vs 7.5±1.2 min, p<0.05, duration of recovery 9.4±2.5 min vs 13.6±3.4 min, p<0.05). However 10th min Steward Recovery Score was found to be a statistically significant high value in Group II (Group II: 5.9±0.4, Group I: 4.8±1.2, p<0.05). In addition, end of induction, end of operation and total concentration of gas were found to be statistically significant high value in Group II (p<0.01). Haemodynamic stability in Group II was observed to be better than in Group I. We conclude that sevoflurane will be an alternative to halothane in pediatric outpatient anaesthesia.Öğe Comparison of the effects of oral and intrathecal clonidine on sensory blockade of spinal anaesthesia [ORAL VE INTRATEKAL KLONIDIN'IN SPINAL ANESTEZIDE DUYUSAL BLOK UZERINE OLAN ETKILERININ KARSILASTIRILMASI](1996) Ozyar B.; Uyar M.; Uyar M.; Koca U.; Mert S.; Ugur G.The effect of 0.15 mg oral clonidine premedication and intrathecally administered clonidine on sensory blockade of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in 45 ASA I-II patients scheduled for urological surgery are compared. Patients received 0.15 mg clonidine PO in the first group, 5 mg diazepam in the second and third groups 60-90 min. before the operation. Spinal anaesthesia was performed with 3 mL plain bupivacaine plus 1 ml 0.9 % NaCl in the first and the third groups, and with 3 mL plain bupivacaine plus 1 mL (=0.15 mg) clonidine in the second group. No significant difference was observed in maximal sensory level and onset time among three groups. The mean time to two-segment regression and regression to L2 segment was significantly longer in intrathecal clonidine group compared to other groups (p<0.05). Adding of clonidine to plain bupivacaine significantly prolonged the duration of spinal anaesthesia while oral clonidine premedication caused no significant change.Öğe Comparison of the sedative, anxiolytic, hemodynamic and amnesic effects of clonidine and lorazepam premedication with placebo [ORAL KLONIDIN VE LORAZEPAM PREMEDIKASYONUNUN SEDATIF, ANKSIYOLITIK, HEMODINAMIK VE AMNEZIK ETKILERININ PLASEBO ILE KARSILASTIRILMASI](1996) Uyar M.; Uyar M.; Mert S.; Ozyar B.; Bilge S.; Ugur G.; Gokce B.The effects of 0.15 mg clonidine and 2 mg lorazepam premedication on sedation, anxiety, hemodynamic response to induction and laryngoscopy, IV anesthetic close and recovery were compared with placebo in 45 ASA I-II patients undergoing urological surgery under general anesthesia. Sedation was assessed by 3-point scale, anxiety by Lineer Anxiety Score (0-100 mm) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, induction duality by 4-point scale and amnesia by whether the patient remembered 5 different events 3 hours after the operation. Clonidine and lorazepam produced more sedation and less anxiety than placebo (p<0.05). Hemodynamic response to intubation was not prevented in all groups. Quality of induction was better and propofol dose was lower in clonidine group (p<0.05). Amnesia was more marked in lorazepam group (p<0.05). Time to eye opening, orientation and first analgesic request was not different among the three groups. Oral clonidine premedication was found to be a good alternative to benzodiazepines for routine use with regard to its effects on sedation, anxiolysis, induction quality and induction dose of propofol.Öğe Effects of betaine on performance, carcass, bone and blood characteristics of broilers during natural summer temperatures(2008) Konca Y.; Kirkpinar F.; Mert S.; Yaylak E.This experiment was conducted to determine the dietary supplementations of betaine on performance carcass, bone and blood traits of broilers in natural summer condition. A total of 180 broilers were divided into three experimental groups. The experimental diets were; Control, without any dietary addition, dietary supplemental betaine (Betafin®) 1 g kg-1 and (3) 2 g kg-1. The experimental diets were offered to respective broiler chicks for 6 weeks. Additional betaine decreased body weight at 6 weeks and body weight gain 3-6 and 0 to weeks (p<0.01). Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by treatments (p<0.05). Dietary betaine supplementation did not affect carcass weight and composition, breast and thigh meat pigmentation and pH value of thigh the broilers. Tibia width was decreased by 1 g kg-1 betaine (p<0.05), but shank and tibia measurements were not affected by betaine. Serum alanin aminotransferase levels were reduced by both 1 and 2 g kg-1 supplementation of betaine (p<0.05), but other blood constituents were not affected. © Medwell Journals, 2008.Öğe The effects of branched-chain amino acids on the oxygen consumption in patients with metabolic stress [Metabolik stresli hastalarda dallanmis zincirli aminoasitlerin oksijen tuketimine etkisi](1999) Sakarya M.; Mert S.; Moral A.R.In recent years, there has been a much controversy about the feasibility of amino acid solutions with a high content of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA: leucine, isoleucine, valine) in fields of hepatic failure, trauma, obtaining a better nitrogen balance, low morbidity and low mortality. The aim of this study was to establish the effects of BCAA infusions on the oxygen consumption (VO2) in patients with metabolic stress. We studied nine patients who were mechanically ventilated suffering from acute respiratory failure. Muscle relaxants, sedation and volum controlled mechanical ventilatory support were applied to all patients. Daily energy supply was obtained with standard enteral formulas 1 kcal/mL. In addition to daily energy requirement, 0,5 g/kg amino acid solution which contains % 45 BZAA was infused parenterally in 6 hours. Before (I) and after (II) 6 hours infusion VO2 were calculated with thermodilution technique via pulmonary arterial catheter. Wilcoxon was used for statistically comparisons. We conclude that, although the statistical difference was non-significant between two measurements there seems to be a relative increase of VO2 consumption with the use of BCAA and this may be important in the ICU for critically ill patients with poor oxygen supply.Öğe Effects of high levels of dietary Copper Sulfate and Copper Proteinate on growth performance, retention for Copper and Zinc of rats(2011) Ozkul H.; Kirkpinar F.; Mert S.; Unlu B.This study was conducted to determine the effects of high levels of inorganic Copper Sulfate (CuSO4) and organic Copper Proteinate (CuP) supplementation to the rat diet on grwth performance, Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) contents of liver, heart, kidney, spleen and bone in addition Cu contents of faeces and serum Cu levels. A total of 66 Wistar weanling male rats were used in the trial. The following treatments were applied in experiment: control (no supplemental Cu), 15 mg Cu kg-1 diet from CuSO4, 15 mg Cu kg-1 diet from CuP. Feed intake was decreased by feeding the diet containing CuSO4 and CuP however, Cu supplementation had a significant effect positively on body weight gains and feed conversion ratio (p<0.05). Cu contents of liver, heart, kidney and spleen were increased by feeding the diet containing CuSO4 and CuP at the rate of 15 g Cu kg-1 of feed as compared to the control at 28 day (p<0.05). Serum Cu levels were highest in the rat fed CuP and there were significant differences between CuP and control (p<0.05). In addition to bone Cu and Zn and feaces Cu concentrations of the rats fed organic and inorganic Cu sources were similar (p>0.05). Zn contents of liver were increased by feeding the diet containing CuSO4 and CuP while Zn contents of kidney were decreased (p<0.05). Zn contents of heart and spleen were decreased by CuP (p<0.05). The results from the study were generally in favour of the group with CuSO4 addition however, it can be stated that organic copper source was absorbed beter, taking into account the high serum Cu concentration in the group with CuP addition. © Medwell Journals, 2011.Öğe Effects of intrathecal clonidine and meperidine on sensory blockade of spinal anaesthesia [INTRATEKAL KLONIDIN VE MEPERIDIN'IN SPINAL ANESTEZIDE DUYUSAL BLOK UZERINE ETKILERI](1996) Uyar M.; Ozyar B.; Ugur G.; Uyar M.; Mert S.; Koca U.The effect of meperidine and clonidine on sensory blockade of bupivacaine spinal anaesthesia in 45 ASA I-II patients scheduled for urological surgery. All patients received 3 mL 0.5 % plain bupivacaine. In the first group 1 mL (= 0.15 mg) meperidine and in the third group 1 mL 0.9 % NaCl was added to the local anaesthetic solution. No significant difference was observed in maximal sensory level and onset time among three groups. The mean time to two-segment regression and regression to L2 segment was significantly longer in meperidine and clonidine groups compared to control group (p<0.05). Adding of clonidine and meperidine in given doses to 15 mg plain bupivacaine significantly prolonged the duration of spinal anaesthesia and produced similar effects.Öğe Management of burn pain in children: Comparison of PCA and continuous infusion of morphine [Yanikli cocuklarda postoperatif agri tedavisinde morfinin hasta kontrollu analjezi ve surekli infuzyon uygulamalarinin karsilastirilmasi](1998) Derbent A.; Uyar M.; Balcioglu T.; Mert S.; Ugur G.The efficacy of morphine via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and continuous infusion for postoperative analgesia in pediatric burn patients was compared. Morphine was administered 15 µg/kg/h in the continuous infusion group; bolus dose of 20 µg/kg with lock-out time 10 min. and a background infusion of 10 µg/kg/h in the PCA group. Pain and sedation scores, cumulative morphine doses and side-effects were observed every 4 hours; vital parameters every 2 hours for 48 hours in the follow-up period. Pain scores in both groups decreased significantly during the study period when compared with initial pain scores (p<0.01). No differences were detected between the groups with respect to the pain scores except in the first 4 h in the PCA group. None of the patients had oversedation, respiratory depression and major hemodynamic alteration. Morphine consumption was similar in the groups. We concluded that administration of morphine in appropriate doses by both methods is safe and effective for postoperative pain relief in pediatric burn patients.Öğe Patient controlled analgesia with alfentanil during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(1998) Uyar M.; Uyar M.; Ugur G.; Mert S.; Ozyar B.; Ozyurt C.We evaluated patient-controlled administration of alfentanil(PCA group) as an alternative to conventional intermittent injection technique(standard treatment group) in 40 patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) of urinary tract calculi. After a loading dose of alfentanil (10 µg/kg) in both groups, standard treatment patients were given 5 µg/kg of alfentanil in as needed fashion. Patients using patient controlled analgesia (PCA) were allowed to self-administer 100 µg of alfentanil intravenously with a lockout interval of 5 min and 900 µg/h maintenance infusion. The two alfentanil administration techniques were equally effective in providing analgesia during the procedure. PCA patients used less alfentanil than the standard treatment group (2414±510 µg vs 3220±700 µg, respectively, p<0.05). Pain and sedation scores were comparable between the two groups. There were no significant hemodynamic differences between the two groups. Standard treatment patients had significantly lower respiratory rates and a higher oxygen desaturation episodes. Two patients in this group developed bradypnea(<10 breaths/min). Administration of alfentanil with PCA during ESWL reduces opioid requirements thus increases the safety of the procedure while providing adequate analgesia.
