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Öğe Acute acetaminophen nephrotoxicity and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in rats(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 1997) Kocaoglu Ş.; Karan A.; Berkan T.; Başdemir G.In order to determine the relationship between the nephrotoxicity of acetaminophen and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) excretion, a single dose of 900 mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP) was administered to rats intraperitoneally. Following drug administration, 24 hour urine was collected and the kidneys were removed under ether anesthesia for histological examination. GGT activity measurements and quantitative analysis for creatinine was carried out on urine samples. Urinary GGT activity in the APAP administered group (n=12) (1.8 ± 0.21 U/mg creatinine) was significantly higher than in the control group (n=16) (0.77 ± 0.05 U/mg creatinine) (p<0.0002). Histological examination of the kidneys under light microscopy showed only very slight tissue damage. Further use of urinary GGT activity measurements in experimental nephrotoxicity studies has been suggested.Öğe Antifungal chemotherapy [MANTAR TEDAVISINDE KULLANILAN ILACLAR](1995) Karaoglu G.; Berkan T.Fungal infections are common at all ages, in both sexes, and they have a worldwide distribution, The increased use of immunosuppressive agents in organ transplantation and in the treatment of malignant lesions and the epidemic of AIDS are major reasons for the greater prevalence of fungal infections seen in clinical practice during the past decade. The most common type of fungal disease are dermatophyte infections. They are superficial infections of the keratinized epidermis and keratinized epidermal appendages, i.e., the hair, hairsheaths and nails. In recent years, because of the use of or over use of antibacterial antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, cytotoxins, x-irridation and steroids, the opportunistic fungal infections which are a new category of systemic mycoses have become very prominent. Like the human host, fungi are eukaryotic organisms, therefore the number of suitable agents for therapy are limited. Generally, treatment of fungal infections include oral and topical agents. Oral therapies include griseofulvin, ketoconazole, terbinafine and itraconazole. When oral therapy is applied, care should be taken to monitor patients for toxicity. There are a large number of agents used in topical treatments, including nystatin, selenium sulfide, tolnaftate, haloprogin, miconazole and sodium thiosulfate. In addition, good personal hygiene is an Important adjunct to antifungal therapy.Öğe Antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of an aqueous extract of Erythraea centaurium(1991) Berkan T.; Ustunes L.; Lermioglu F.; Ozer A.Erythraea centaurium is a plant which is used in the treatment of various inflammatory conditions in popular medicine. The aqueous extract of the plant has been examined for its antiinflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects in several animal models. The extract exhibited antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity although no analgesic activity was observed.Öğe The effect of a single treatment with cigarette smoke on the blood levels and hemodynamic effects of propranolol in rats(1989) Berkan T.; Üstünes L.; Kerry Z.; Karol M.; Tosun M.; Yalçinkaya C.; Özer A.The effect of a single treatment with cigarette smoke on the blood levels and hemodynamic effects of propranolol in rats was studied. Pentobarbital sleep time was not affected whereas zoxazolamine paralysis time was shortened 72% in rats, 24 h after the cigarette smoke exposure. The gb-adrenoceptor blocking effect of propranolol observed at 10 and 20 min time intervals was abolished in rats exposed to cigarette smoke 24 h after the exposure. The blood propranolol concentrations were decreased in rats pretreated with phénobarbital, 3,4-benzpyrene and ethanol as well as in cigarette smoke exposed rats. Among several factors that could influence propranolol metabolism, in this study, enzyme induction is suggested to be dominant. © 1989 Springer-Verlag.Öğe The effect of cigarette smoke on the plasma piroxicam concentrations in rats(1990) Lermioglu F.; Berkan T.; Yasa M.; Kerry Z.; Yalçinkaya C.; özer A.Abstract— The plasma concentration of unchanged piroxicam has been determined at 15, 30, 60 and 90 min after 10 mg kg-1 oral administration of the drug to rats exposed to cigarette smoke or pretreated with phenobarbitone, 3,4-benzpyrene or ethanol. Plasma piroxicam concentrations decreased in rats pretreated with phenobarbitone, 3,4-benzpyrene and ethanol and in rats 24 h after exposure to cigarette smoke. 1990 Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great BritainÖğe Study on the role of urine gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity during investigation of nephrotoxicity(1994) Kocaoglu S.; Berkan T.; Karan A.; Basdemir G.In this study, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities of the 24 h urine samples taken at the end of the fourth day from the rats to which 160 mg/kg/day gentamicin was applied i.p. for 4 days, were measured. Glucose determination in urine by the use of the glucose hexokinase method was also applied in order to control the reabsorption potentials of the tubules. The formation of necrosis in the kidneys was investigated by histological examinations of the damage occurred by the nephrotic effect. All the results were compared with the values obtained from the control group. The average gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity for the control group (n = 22) was determined as 5.68 ± 0.26 IU/24 h whereas this level was detected as 15.6 ± 1.0 IU/24 h in the drug applied group (n = 15). The measurement of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in urine can be applied as a useful parameter on determination of nephrotoxicity, especially for indicating the dimensions of this toxic effect.Öğe Urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in rats with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced nephrotoxicity(1997) Kocaoglu Ş.; Karan A.; Berkan T.; Başdemir G.; Akpinar R.Excretion of urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was studied in rats following p.o. application of high doses (10 mg/kg/day) of indomethacin, diclofenac sodium or piroxicam for 28 days. Measurements of 24 h urinary GGT activity and urinary creatinine were carried out on 29th day. Histological examinations of kidneys were performed on day 29. The mean value for urinary GGT was found to be 0.77 ± 0.05 U/mg creatinine (n = 16) in the control group. The mean activities in the treated groups were as follows: 1.30 ± 0.15 U/mg creatinine (n = 17, indomethacin); 1.22 ± 0.25 U/mg creatinine (n = 4, diclofenac); 1.54 ± 0.39 U/mg creatinine (n = 5, piroxicam). The mean enzyme activities in indomethacin and piroxicam treated groups were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.02 and p < 0.03, respectively), while no significant difference has been found between the group treated with diclofenac and control group (p > 0.05). Histological examinations of renal tissues of indomethacin, piroxicam and diclofenac treated groups showed minimal glomerular abnormalities. Thus, determination of urinary GGT may be useful to investigate the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) related renal toxicity in rats.
