Nesiller boyu oral nikotin alımının spasyal öğrenmeye etkileri
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Sigara kullanımı insan sağlığı açısından zararlı sonuçları olan bir bağımlılıktır. Sigara dumanındaki temel bağımlılık yapıcı madde nikotindir. Nikotin bağımlılığına duyarlılıkta bireysel farklılıklar bulunmaktadır. Nikotinin bağımlılık yapma mekanizmalarının anlaşılması, yeni tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi için büyük önem taşımaktadır. İnsanlarda olduğu gibi hayvanlarda da bağımlılık genetik yatkınlıkla çok ilişkilidir ve ciddi bireysel farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu özellikten yararlanarak nikotine duyarlı ve dirençli soylar geliştirmek üzere seçici tohumlama yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Oral yolla serbest erişimli nikotine maruz bırakılan sıçanlar tükettikleri nikotinin miktarına göre az içenler ve çok içenler olarak ayrılmış (kararsızlar çalışma dışında bırakılmıştır) ve kendi aralarında çiftleştirilmişlerdir. Nikotin tercihinin az ve çok olduğu 10 nesile ulaşılmıştır. Bu tezde 10 nesile ulaşılan nikotin tercih eden ya da etmeyen sıçan soylarında nikotin vermeksizin naive sıçanda lokomotor aktivite, spasyal öğrenme ve bağımlılık yanıtını araştıran şartlı yer tercihi deneylerinde davranışsal bir fark olup olmadığı araştırılmıştır. Üç ayını dolduran yavrular spontan lokomotor aktivite deneylerine alınmıştır. Aktivite ölçme kafesleriyle tanıştırılan sıçanlar iki gün üst üste otuzar dakikalık seanslarda aktivite ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Bir hafta dinlendirilen sıçanlara daha sonra su tankında yer öğrenme deneyleri uygulanmıştır. Bir hafta dinlendirilen sıçanlar şartlı yer tercihi deneylerine alınmışlardır. Bazal spontan lokomotor aktivite ölçümlerinde ailesi nikotin alan sıçan gruplarının tümünün kontrollerden daha hareketli olduğu, görülmüştür. Su tankı yer öğrenme deneylerinde hem cinsiyetin hem nikotin kullanımın yer öğrenme performansını etkilediği görülmüştür. Fakat strateji tercihlerinde bir değişim saptanmamıştır. Şartlı yer tercihi deneylerinde de nikotine duyarlı soylarda (çok tüketen) şartlı yanıtta artma bulunurken nikotine dirençli (az tüketen) soylarda ise aversif bir yanıta neden olduğu görülmüştür. Sıçanlar nikotin alımlarına göre istatistiğe alındığında kafes geçişlerinde ve tekrarlayan hareketlerde istatistiksel anlamlı farklılaşma görülmüştür. Tüm hayvanlarımız ilerleyen günlerde platformu daha kısa sürede bulmuşlar yani su tankından kurtulmak için görünür platforma yüzmeleri gerektiğini öğrenmişlerdir. Platformun suyun altında gizli olarak bulunduğu 4-8-12. günlerin verilerine benzer istatistik uygulandığında yine günlerin istatistiksel anlamlı olduğu, yani deney hayvanları gizli platformun yerini spasyal olarak bulmayı öğrenmiştir. Tüm hayvanlarımız ilerleyen günlerle platformu daha kısa mesafe yüzerek bulmuşlar yani su tankından kurtulmak için görünür platforma yüzmeleri gerektiğini öğrenmişlerdir. Deney hayvanları platformun yerini öğrendikçe daha hızlı yüzmüşlerdir. Ayrıca su tankına alıştıkları ve stresleri azaldığı için daha az donma davranışı göstermeleri de bu anlamlılığın ortaya çıkmasına yardımcı olmuştur. Çalışmamızda kullanılan CPP düzeneğinden elde edilen sonuçlar, tütün kullanımı ve nikotin bağımlılığında görülen bireysel farklılıkları yansıtmaktadır. Yapılan istatistiksel değerlendirme, kontrol grubunun yanı sıra nikotin tercih eden ve nikotin tercih etmeyen olarak isimlendirilen ve nikotinin ödül ve pekiştirme özelliklerinden farklı yönde etkilenen iki grubun var olduğunu kanıtlamaktadır. Sonuç olarak nesiller boyunca verilen nikotinin, kendileri hiç nikotin ile karşılaşmayan yavruların spontan lokomotor aktivitelerini artırdığı, özellikle dişilerde öğrenmeyi ve hafızayı bozduğu ve nikotini fazla tercih eden soyların da nikotin bağımlılığına olan yatkınlığında artış olduğu belirlenmiştir
Smoking is an addiction with detrimental effects on society. Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco and underlies the addictive properties of tobacco use. Understanding the mechanisms of nicotine addiction for the development of new therapeutic strategies is of great importance. Like humans, animals also illustrates individual differences associated with genetic predisposition to addiction is very serious. This feature by taking advantage of nicotine-sensitive and-resistant strains to develop selective seeding method has been developed. Nicotine exposed rats with free access to oral drinkers and drinkers as compared to the amount of nicotine they consume very less separated (undecided excluded) and mating among themselves. How nicotine and a lot less choice of 10 was reached. In this thesis, without giving a rat offspring reached 10 generations of nicotine locomotor activity in rats who prefer nicotine in naive or not, social learning and behavioral choice experiments investigating the response of conditional dependency investigated whether there is a difference. The cubs who will complete three months, spontaneous locomotor activity experiments were taken. Introduced rats cages with activity measurement activity measurements were made on two consecutive days in a three minute session. After being rested for a week, the rats in the water tank experiments and then applied to learning. A week after being rested for the conditional choice experiments in rats have taken. Basal measurements of nicotine in rat spontaneous locomotor activity than the control field, the family is moving all of the groups was observed. Both gender and learning place learning in the water tank experiments, it was observed that nicotine use affects performance. But a change in the choice of strategy was not detected. Conditional place preference experiments, nicotine-sensitive soybean (very consuming), while the conditional response has increased in nicotine-resistant (consume less) in the lineage of aversif it has been seen that cause a response. When rats received nicotine intake according to their statistics in the cage crossings and repetitive movements statistically significant differentiation was observed. All our animals in a shorter period of the platform in the coming days so they found that they must swim to a visible platform to escape from the water tank they have learned. The platform hidden under the water where there is 4-8-12. again similar to the data of the day of days when applied statistical statistically significant, the location of the experimental animals learned to find the hidden platform socially. The following day swim the short distance to the platform with all our animals so they found that they must swim to a visible platform to escape from the water tank they have learned. Experimental animals learn the location of the platform quicker as you are stranded. Also they get used to the water tank, and the stress is reduced, because the emergence of this significance should show less freezing behavior and has helped. The mechanism used in our study reflect individual differences in tobacco use and nicotine dependence results from CPP. Statistical evaluation of the control group and nicotine nicotine and nicotine reward and reinforcement, as well as from the properties of inte preferring preference called in different directions proves that there are two groups of people affected. As a result, through the generations given nicotine, no nicotine not faced with the increase in spontaneous locomotor activity of the pups, especially the descendants of nicotine addiction and nicotine disrupt learning and memory in females who prefer a more determined that there is an increase in susceptibility to.
Smoking is an addiction with detrimental effects on society. Nicotine is the addictive component of tobacco and underlies the addictive properties of tobacco use. Understanding the mechanisms of nicotine addiction for the development of new therapeutic strategies is of great importance. Like humans, animals also illustrates individual differences associated with genetic predisposition to addiction is very serious. This feature by taking advantage of nicotine-sensitive and-resistant strains to develop selective seeding method has been developed. Nicotine exposed rats with free access to oral drinkers and drinkers as compared to the amount of nicotine they consume very less separated (undecided excluded) and mating among themselves. How nicotine and a lot less choice of 10 was reached. In this thesis, without giving a rat offspring reached 10 generations of nicotine locomotor activity in rats who prefer nicotine in naive or not, social learning and behavioral choice experiments investigating the response of conditional dependency investigated whether there is a difference. The cubs who will complete three months, spontaneous locomotor activity experiments were taken. Introduced rats cages with activity measurement activity measurements were made on two consecutive days in a three minute session. After being rested for a week, the rats in the water tank experiments and then applied to learning. A week after being rested for the conditional choice experiments in rats have taken. Basal measurements of nicotine in rat spontaneous locomotor activity than the control field, the family is moving all of the groups was observed. Both gender and learning place learning in the water tank experiments, it was observed that nicotine use affects performance. But a change in the choice of strategy was not detected. Conditional place preference experiments, nicotine-sensitive soybean (very consuming), while the conditional response has increased in nicotine-resistant (consume less) in the lineage of aversif it has been seen that cause a response. When rats received nicotine intake according to their statistics in the cage crossings and repetitive movements statistically significant differentiation was observed. All our animals in a shorter period of the platform in the coming days so they found that they must swim to a visible platform to escape from the water tank they have learned. The platform hidden under the water where there is 4-8-12. again similar to the data of the day of days when applied statistical statistically significant, the location of the experimental animals learned to find the hidden platform socially. The following day swim the short distance to the platform with all our animals so they found that they must swim to a visible platform to escape from the water tank they have learned. Experimental animals learn the location of the platform quicker as you are stranded. Also they get used to the water tank, and the stress is reduced, because the emergence of this significance should show less freezing behavior and has helped. The mechanism used in our study reflect individual differences in tobacco use and nicotine dependence results from CPP. Statistical evaluation of the control group and nicotine nicotine and nicotine reward and reinforcement, as well as from the properties of inte preferring preference called in different directions proves that there are two groups of people affected. As a result, through the generations given nicotine, no nicotine not faced with the increase in spontaneous locomotor activity of the pups, especially the descendants of nicotine addiction and nicotine disrupt learning and memory in females who prefer a more determined that there is an increase in susceptibility to.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Bilim ve Teknoloji, Science and Technology, Fizyoloji, Physiology, Psikoloji, Psychology
