Böbrek nakli alıcısında Batı Nil virusuna bağlı meningoensefalit
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2014
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Yayıncı
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Batı Nil virusu (BNV), normal popülasyonda genellikle asemptomatik ya da hafif enfeksiyonlar oluştururken, yaşlılarda ve immün sistemi baskılanmış olgularda ölüme neden olabilecek ciddi klinik tablolara yol açmaktadır. Virusun temel bulaş yolu sivrisinek ısırığı olmakla birlikte, transfüzyon, trans- plantasyon, transplasental ve nozokomiyal geçiş de rapor edilmiş; özellikle kemik iliği ve solid organ nakli yapılmış olgularda, hayatı tehdit eden santral sinir sistemi enfeksiyonlarına yol açtığı bildirilmiştir. Bu raporda, ülkemizde ilk kez, böbrek transplantasyonu yapılan immün sistemi baskılanmış bir hastada saptanan BNV ensefaliti olgusu sunulmaktadır. Yirmi beş yaşındaki erkek hasta, canlı vericili renal transplantasyon sonrası 24. günde yaygın kas ağrıları, bulantı ve kusma yakınmalarıyla hastanemize başvurmuştur. Hastanın izleminde ortaya çıkan yaygın tonik klonik kasılmalar sonucunda çekilen krani- yal manyetik rezonans (MR) incelemeleri ve alınan beyin omurilik sıvısı (BOS) örneğinin biyokimyasal bulgularıyla olguya meningoensefalit tanısı konulmuştur. Etiyolojiye yönelik olarak yapılan mikrobiyolojik incelemelerde, kan ve BOS örneklerinin bakteriyel ve fungal kültür sonuçları, kanda CMV antijenemi ve CMV IgM sonuçları ve BOS’da CMV, EBV, HSV-1/2, VZV, HHV-6, enterovirus ve parvovirus nükleik asit testleri negatif bulunmuş; ancak “in-house” ters transkriptaz “nested” PCR yöntemiyle BOS’da BNV- RNA pozitifliği saptanmıştır. Yapılan dizi analizinde (GenBank BLAST) virusun, Lineage-1 BNV’lere %99 oranında benzer olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Virusun alıcıya bulaşma yolunu saptamak amacıyla renal biyopsi örneğinde araştırılan BNV-RNA negatif olarak saptanmıştır. Destekleyici tedavi ve immün süpresif ilaç dozlarının azaltılması [mikofenolat mofetil (MMF; 1 g/gün), siklosporin (1 mg/kg/gün)] ile klinik tablosu tam olarak düzelen olguda, bir ay sonra gelişen bulgularla (ateş, miyalji, konfüzyon, lökositoz, anemi, BOS’da tekrar BNV-RNA pozitifliği) BNV meningoensefalitinin tekrarladığı gözlenmiştir. Bu kez siklosporin tamamen kesilmiş, MMF’ye düşük dozda (1 g/gün) devam edilmiş, yüksek doz parenteral asiklovir ve intravenöz immünoglobulin (400 mg/kg/gün, 7 gün) uygulanmıştır. Bu tedavi ile olgunun tablosu 10 gün sonra düzelmiş ve herhangi bir nörolojik anormallik gözlenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak, solid organ alıcıları ve diğer immün süpresif olgularda, nedeni bilinmeyen ateş, yaygın kas ağrıları, gastrointestinal bulgular ve/veya nörolojik bozuklukların saptanması halinde, özellikle de endemik bölgelerde, santral sinir sistemi enfeksiyonlarının ayırıcı tanısında BNV mutlaka düşünülmelidir.
West Nile virus (WNV) infection which is asymptomatic or mild in normal population, it may cause serious clinical conditions leading to death in eldery and immunosupressed patients. The virus is mainly transmitted by mosquito bites, however transfusion, transplantation, transplasental and nosocomial ways have also been reported to be responsible for viral transmission. It is known that WNV may cause life-threatining conditions such as central nervous system (CNS) infections especially in bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients. In this report, the first case of WNV encephalitis in an immuno- suppressed patient with renal transplant in Turkey was presented. A 25-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital with the complaints of generalized myalgia, nausea and vomiting, after the 24. day of renal transplantation from a live donor. Since he developed diffuse tonic clonic seizures during his follow up, he was diagnosed as meningoencephalitis with the results of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemistry. Bacterial and fungal cultures of blood and CSF yielded negative results. CMV antigenemia test and CMV IgM in blood, and nucleic acid tests for CMV, EBV, HSV-1/2, VZV, HHV-6, enterovirus and parvovirus in CSF were also negative. However, WNV RNA was detected in CSF by an in-house reverse transcriptase (RT) nested PCR method. The sequence analysis (GenBank BLAST) of the virus showed that it had 99% similarity with Lineage-1 WNV strains. To define the transmission way of the virus to the recipient, WNV-RNA was searched in the renal biopsy sample and found negative by RT nested PCR. The clinical condition of the patient was improved with supportive therapy and by the de-escalation of immunosuppressive drugs [Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 1 g/day), cyclosporin (1 mg/kg/day)]. However WNV meningoencephalitis recurred one month later. The patient presented with fever, myalgia, confusions, leukocytosis, anemia, and repeating WNV-RNA positivity in CSF. This time cyclosporin was stopped, MMF was given in low dose (1 g/day), and high dose parenteral acyclovir and intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg/day, 7 days) were initiated. The patient recovered completely after 10 days without any neurological abnormalities. In conclusion, especially in endemic areas, WNV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CNS infections develop in solid organ transplant cases and patients with other immunodeficiencies who present with fever, generalized myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms and/or neurological disorders.
West Nile virus (WNV) infection which is asymptomatic or mild in normal population, it may cause serious clinical conditions leading to death in eldery and immunosupressed patients. The virus is mainly transmitted by mosquito bites, however transfusion, transplantation, transplasental and nosocomial ways have also been reported to be responsible for viral transmission. It is known that WNV may cause life-threatining conditions such as central nervous system (CNS) infections especially in bone marrow and solid organ transplant recipients. In this report, the first case of WNV encephalitis in an immuno- suppressed patient with renal transplant in Turkey was presented. A 25-year-old male patient admitted to our hospital with the complaints of generalized myalgia, nausea and vomiting, after the 24. day of renal transplantation from a live donor. Since he developed diffuse tonic clonic seizures during his follow up, he was diagnosed as meningoencephalitis with the results of cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MR) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemistry. Bacterial and fungal cultures of blood and CSF yielded negative results. CMV antigenemia test and CMV IgM in blood, and nucleic acid tests for CMV, EBV, HSV-1/2, VZV, HHV-6, enterovirus and parvovirus in CSF were also negative. However, WNV RNA was detected in CSF by an in-house reverse transcriptase (RT) nested PCR method. The sequence analysis (GenBank BLAST) of the virus showed that it had 99% similarity with Lineage-1 WNV strains. To define the transmission way of the virus to the recipient, WNV-RNA was searched in the renal biopsy sample and found negative by RT nested PCR. The clinical condition of the patient was improved with supportive therapy and by the de-escalation of immunosuppressive drugs [Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF; 1 g/day), cyclosporin (1 mg/kg/day)]. However WNV meningoencephalitis recurred one month later. The patient presented with fever, myalgia, confusions, leukocytosis, anemia, and repeating WNV-RNA positivity in CSF. This time cyclosporin was stopped, MMF was given in low dose (1 g/day), and high dose parenteral acyclovir and intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg/kg/day, 7 days) were initiated. The patient recovered completely after 10 days without any neurological abnormalities. In conclusion, especially in endemic areas, WNV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of CNS infections develop in solid organ transplant cases and patients with other immunodeficiencies who present with fever, generalized myalgia, gastrointestinal symptoms and/or neurological disorders.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mikrobiyoloji
Kaynak
Mikrobiyoloji Bülteni
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
48
Sayı
4
