Dijital medyada Post-Truth ve gerçeklik: Covid-19 pandemisine ilişkin haberlerin analizi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Göreceli hakikat yorumunun yükseldiği postmodern dönemde gerçeğe uygunluk olarak görülen "doğru olma" kriteri zamanla inanç ve duygusal yakınlığa göre evrilerek Post-Truth olgusunu ortaya çıkarmıştır. Yine yakın dönemde yeni medyanın hızlı yükselişi zamanı ve mekânı ortadan kaldırarak yaşamın her alanında köklü değişimlere yol açmıştır. Yaşanan bu değişim ve dönüşümler yaşam pratikleri açısından çok sayıda avantaj sağlasa da olumsuzlukların hızını, yaygınlığını ve çeşitliliğini de artırmıştır. Bu olumsuzluklardan biri de doğru bilgi sorunsalıdır. Dijital ortamlarda yer alan uydurulmuş, çarpıtılmış, eksiltilmiş ve teyitlenmemiş bilgiler/iddialar, Post-Truth çağda "doğru" bilgiyi azınlıkta bırakmıştır. Dijital mecralar, hedefli algoritmalar aracılığıyla gerçeği eğip bükerek, çarpıtarak, yanlış algı yaratarak veya olumsuzluğu yaygınlaştırarak bir noktada hakikat yığınına dönüşmüştür. Panik ve belirsizlik halinin yükseldiği Covid-19 pandemisi, doğru bilgiye en çok ihtiyacın olduğu dönemlerden biri olmuştur. Bireyler özellikle pandeminin etkili olduğu dönemde belirsizliği gidermek adına enformasyon arayışına girmiştir. Öte yandan internet haber sitelerinin belirsiz, teyitsiz, geçersiz, eksiltilmiş ya da çarpıtılmış söylenceleri haberleştirdiği ve bu haberlerin toplumda olumsuz etkilere yol açtığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle de bireylerin "doğru" kavramına ilişkin yaklaşımlarının nasıl olduğu ile bu durumun internet haberciliği ve Covid-19 pandemisi özelinde nasıl gerçekleştiği konuları çalışma kapsamında tartışılmıştır. Bu tartışmaların ışığında Covid-19'a ilişkin söylence haberlerinde yer alan doğru görünümlü söylence içeriklerinin nicel ve nitel analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada üç yıllık pandemi sürecinde; haftalık bazda 26 farklı tarih aralığındaki 185 günlük süreçte, altı farklı internet haber sitesinden toplam 2 bin 846 habere ulaşılmıştır. Ulaşılan bu haberlerde amaçlı örneklem yöntemi ile 188 "Covid-19'a ilişkin söylence ve söylence temasını içeren haber" tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen söylence haberlerinden 60 tanesi doğrulama siteleri ile karşılaştırmalı olarak nitel içerik analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Belirlenen 188 söylence haberinin altı kategoride toplandığı tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan nitel içerik analizi sonucunda; söylence haberlerindeki hakikat görünümlü iddia, yorum vb. içerikli yorumların safsata ve mantık hatalarını içeren söylemlerle çarpıtıldığı, uydurulduğu, çerçevelendiği saptanmış ve bunların zaman ve mekândan bağımsız olan yeni medya mecralarında yaygınlaştırılarak dedikodu, efsane ve mit haline geldiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
In the postmodern period, when the interpretation of relative truth rose, the criterion of "being true", which was seen as conformity to reality, evolved over time according to belief and emotional intimacy, revealing the phenomenon of Post-Truth. Moreover, the rapid rise of new media in recent times has eliminated the constraints of time and space, leading to profound changes in all aspects of life. While these changes and transformations have provided numerous advantages in terms of everyday practices, they have also increased the speed, prevalence, and diversity of negative aspects. One of these drawbacks is the issue of accurate information. Fabricated, distorted, truncated, and unverified information or claims present in digital environments have left "true" information in the era of Post-Truth in the minority. Digital platforms through targeted algorithms, have transformed truth into a heap of misinformation by distorting, manipulating, creating false perceptions, or spreading negativity. The Covid-19 pandemic, characterized by increased panic and uncertainty, has become one of the periods where the need for accurate information is most crucial. Individuals, especially during the period heavily impacted by the pandemic, have sought information in order to alleviate uncertainty. However, it has been observed that internet news sites have disseminated uncertain, unverified, invalid, truncated, or distorted myths as news, leading to negative effects in society. Therefore, this study discusses individuals' approaches to the concept of "truth" and how this situation unfolds in internet journalism and specifically in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic. In light of these discussions, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of seemingly accurate myth content in news related to Covid-19 has been conducted. In the study, a total of 2,846 news articles were collected from six different internet news sites over a 185-day period spanning 26 different weekly intervals throughout the 3-year pandemic period. Using purposive sampling, 188 "news articles related to Covid-19 myths and myth themes" were identified. 60 of these identified myth news were subjected to qualitative content analysis in comparison with verification sites. It was determined that the identified 188 myth news could be categorized into six categories. The qualitative content analysis revealed that the seemingly accurate claims, comments, and other related content in the myth news were distorted, fabricated, and framed through fallacious and logical errors. It was found that these myths were disseminated and transformed into gossip, legends, and myths through new media platforms that are independent of time and space.
In the postmodern period, when the interpretation of relative truth rose, the criterion of "being true", which was seen as conformity to reality, evolved over time according to belief and emotional intimacy, revealing the phenomenon of Post-Truth. Moreover, the rapid rise of new media in recent times has eliminated the constraints of time and space, leading to profound changes in all aspects of life. While these changes and transformations have provided numerous advantages in terms of everyday practices, they have also increased the speed, prevalence, and diversity of negative aspects. One of these drawbacks is the issue of accurate information. Fabricated, distorted, truncated, and unverified information or claims present in digital environments have left "true" information in the era of Post-Truth in the minority. Digital platforms through targeted algorithms, have transformed truth into a heap of misinformation by distorting, manipulating, creating false perceptions, or spreading negativity. The Covid-19 pandemic, characterized by increased panic and uncertainty, has become one of the periods where the need for accurate information is most crucial. Individuals, especially during the period heavily impacted by the pandemic, have sought information in order to alleviate uncertainty. However, it has been observed that internet news sites have disseminated uncertain, unverified, invalid, truncated, or distorted myths as news, leading to negative effects in society. Therefore, this study discusses individuals' approaches to the concept of "truth" and how this situation unfolds in internet journalism and specifically in relation to the Covid-19 pandemic. In light of these discussions, a quantitative and qualitative analysis of seemingly accurate myth content in news related to Covid-19 has been conducted. In the study, a total of 2,846 news articles were collected from six different internet news sites over a 185-day period spanning 26 different weekly intervals throughout the 3-year pandemic period. Using purposive sampling, 188 "news articles related to Covid-19 myths and myth themes" were identified. 60 of these identified myth news were subjected to qualitative content analysis in comparison with verification sites. It was determined that the identified 188 myth news could be categorized into six categories. The qualitative content analysis revealed that the seemingly accurate claims, comments, and other related content in the myth news were distorted, fabricated, and framed through fallacious and logical errors. It was found that these myths were disseminated and transformed into gossip, legends, and myths through new media platforms that are independent of time and space.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gazetecilik, Journalism, Halk Sağlığı
