İzmir'de Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi eserleri
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2004
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türkçülük akımının etkileri sonucu, ekonomi, siyasi, felsefe, hukuk, din, dil alanında başlayan ulusallaşma çalışmaları mimariyi de etkilemiştir. Böylece 1910'lu yıllarda başlayan ve yaklaşık olarak Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında da 1930'lara kadar devam eden Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Üslubu geçerlilik kazanmıştır. Ancak, ağır ağır gündeme gelen Atatürk'ün devrimleri ile çelişkili bir ortam yarattığı için bir süre sonra etkisini kaybetmiştir. Bugünkü sınırlarımız içinde sadece İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir gibi büyük şehirlerde değil, en küçük yerleşme merkezlerinde bile değişik özellikler taşıyan örneklere rastlanmaktadır. Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Üslubu'nda meclis binaları, hükümet binaları, bankanlıklar, bankalar, oteller, okullar, müzeler, postahaneler, iskeleler, iş hanları ve apartmanlar yapılmıştır. Bu üslupla inşa edilen yapıların cephelerinde Selçuklu, Beylikler ve Osmanlı dönemine ait mimari ve süsleme özellikleri bolca kullanılmıştır. 13 Eylül 1922 günü Yunanlılar, İzmir'den çekilirken kenti ateşe verdiler. İzmir yangınından sonra kentin fiziksel görünümünü değiştirmek amacıyla kentte hızlı bir imar hareketlerine başlanmıştır. Böylece, Konak ve çevresinde çok sayıda kamu binası ve iş hanları inşa edilmiştir. İzmir, Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Üslubunda inşa edilmiş pek çok yapıyı bünyesinde barındıran çok zengin bir şehirdir. Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Üslubu hakkında şimdiye kadar çok az sayıda araştırma yapılmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar XX.yy Türk mimarisini genel olarak ele almaktadır. Bu dönemde gerek İzmir'de gerekse Anadolu'nun diğer şehirlerinde inşa edilen yapıları plan özellikleri, süslemeleri ve tarihçeleri bakımından ayrıntıyla inceleyen bir çalışma ne yazık ki yoktur. Yaptığımız bu çalışma İzmir'de Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemi'nde (Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Üslubu'nda) inşa edilen kırk dokuz, bu eksikliği gidermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmamızda incelenen 49 yapı, ayrıntılı deskripsiyonlarla anlatılmış, tümü fotoğraflarla da desteklenmiştir. Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Üslubu'nun yapılara yansıması çoğunlukla cephe düzeni ve dekorasyon ile sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu nedenle de bu yapılarının anlatımında plan rölöveleri desteğinde bir mekan analizine girişilmemiştir. Yapılar, kendi aralarında ve Türkiye genelindeki yapılarla benzerlik ve farklılıkları açısından incelenmiş, sonuçta bu yapıların döneme getirdikleri özetlenmiştir
The starting impact of nationalism in the fields of economy, politics, law, religion and language with the idea of Turkish nationalism was also reflectlected in the field of architecture as well. Thereby, the First Period of National Turkish Architecture that has begun in 1910s and lasted until the beginning of the Turkish Republic, 1930s, gained validity. However lost its effect in a while because of being in conflict with the Atatürk's revolutions, that has came into the agenda step by step. Today, within the borders of Turkish Republic, several examples with varied characteristics are encountered not only in the large cities such as İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir but even in the small towns. There are parliament buildings, government buildings, banks, hotels, museums, post offices, piers, commercial buildings, and apartments built in First Period of National Turkish Architecture style. The front sides of the structures constructed in this style of architecture involve plenty of architectural and decorative peculiarities belonging to the Seljuk, Dynasties, and Ottoman Period. In September 13th in 1922, Greeks when leaving İzmir, set the city in fire. After this fire, a rapid construction movement was started with the purpose of changing the physical appearance of the city. As a result, number of public and commercial buildings were constructed in Konak and around. Izmir is known as a city of richness in comprising large number of buildings constructed under the First Period of National Turkish Architecture. There has been only a small number of research conducted about the First Period of National Turkish Architecture that has begun in 1910s and lasted until the beginning of the Turkish Republic. These researches deal with the 20th century Turkish Architecture in general. Unfortunately, there exists no investigation of constructions in this period in terms of their plan characteristics, decorations or historical accounts neither for buildings in Izmir nor for any of other cities in Anatolia. This research aims to make a contribution by dealing with 49 Buildings built in the Early Republican Period (First Period of National Turkish Architecture). 49 structures investigated in this research are presented in detailed descriptions, and all of them are supported by photography. The reflection of the First Period of National Turkish Architecture has mostly remained limited with the front order of the building and decoration. This is the reason why an analysis of placement, by support of plans, was not undertaken in comparison and evaluation of the constructions. The constructions are evaluated in terms of the similarities and differences among themselves and in general in Turkey, and summarised their contributions to the period.
The starting impact of nationalism in the fields of economy, politics, law, religion and language with the idea of Turkish nationalism was also reflectlected in the field of architecture as well. Thereby, the First Period of National Turkish Architecture that has begun in 1910s and lasted until the beginning of the Turkish Republic, 1930s, gained validity. However lost its effect in a while because of being in conflict with the Atatürk's revolutions, that has came into the agenda step by step. Today, within the borders of Turkish Republic, several examples with varied characteristics are encountered not only in the large cities such as İstanbul, Ankara, İzmir but even in the small towns. There are parliament buildings, government buildings, banks, hotels, museums, post offices, piers, commercial buildings, and apartments built in First Period of National Turkish Architecture style. The front sides of the structures constructed in this style of architecture involve plenty of architectural and decorative peculiarities belonging to the Seljuk, Dynasties, and Ottoman Period. In September 13th in 1922, Greeks when leaving İzmir, set the city in fire. After this fire, a rapid construction movement was started with the purpose of changing the physical appearance of the city. As a result, number of public and commercial buildings were constructed in Konak and around. Izmir is known as a city of richness in comprising large number of buildings constructed under the First Period of National Turkish Architecture. There has been only a small number of research conducted about the First Period of National Turkish Architecture that has begun in 1910s and lasted until the beginning of the Turkish Republic. These researches deal with the 20th century Turkish Architecture in general. Unfortunately, there exists no investigation of constructions in this period in terms of their plan characteristics, decorations or historical accounts neither for buildings in Izmir nor for any of other cities in Anatolia. This research aims to make a contribution by dealing with 49 Buildings built in the Early Republican Period (First Period of National Turkish Architecture). 49 structures investigated in this research are presented in detailed descriptions, and all of them are supported by photography. The reflection of the First Period of National Turkish Architecture has mostly remained limited with the front order of the building and decoration. This is the reason why an analysis of placement, by support of plans, was not undertaken in comparison and evaluation of the constructions. The constructions are evaluated in terms of the similarities and differences among themselves and in general in Turkey, and summarised their contributions to the period.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sanat Tarihi, Art History, Cumhuriyet Dönemi, Republican Period, Mimari eserler, Architectural works, Tarihi binalar, Historical buildings, Tarihi eserler, Historic buildings, İzmir, Izmir
