Bazı biyoteknik yöntemlerin Lobesia botrana Den. Schiff (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) ya karşı uygulanma olanakları üzerinde araştırmalar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1995
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
1992-1993 yıllarında Salkım güvesi (Lobcsia botraııa Den. -Seli iff.) (Lep.: Toılricidae) ile mücadelede biyoleknik yöntemlerden olan Kille Halinde Tuzakla Yakalama (KHTY) nın kullanılma olanağını araştırmak amacıyla İzmir-Mcncmcn ve Manisa-Saruhanlı'da denemeler yOrOtOlmOştflr 1992 yılında denemeler tesadüf blokları deneme deseni'ne göre KHTY.ilaç uygulamalı ve kontrol olmak üzere 3 karakter ve 5 tekerrürlü, 1993 yılında ise KIITY. Ki ITY i 3. dölde (ek ilaçlama, ilaç uygulamalı ve kontrol olmak üzere 4 karakter ve 5 lekerriirlü olarak düzenlenmiştir. I tuzak/6 omca yoğunluğunun kullanıldığı KHTY parselinde ve her parsele birer tuzağın asıldığı ilaç uygulamalı ve kontrol parsellerinde 2.4.1992 tarihinden 8.10.1992 tarihine kadar her hafta tuzaklara gelen erkek erginler sayılarak kaydedilmiş, ayrıca her parselde 50'şer omcada 2'şer salkımdan olmak üzere toplam 100'er salkımda bulaşma oranlan saptanmıştır Hasat öncesi yapılan değerlendirme sayımına göre ortalama etki oranları 1992 yılında Menemen'de KHTY parselinde % 17. 14, ilaç uygulamalı parselde %0.00, Saruhanlı'da ise sırasıyla %12.85 ve % 19.62 olmuşlur(Cctvcl 5). 1993 yılında ortalama etki oranları Menemen'de KHTY parselinde %0.00, KHTY + 3. dölde (ek ilaçlama parselinde % 38.17, ilaç uygulamalı parselde % 46.50 (Cetvel 8);Saruhanh'da ise bu değerler sırasıyla % 14.64, %20.94 ve %67.89 olmuştur(Celvc) 9). Elde edilen düşük etkiler nedeniyle KHTY yönteminin hem lek başına ve hem de 3. dölde lek ilaçlama ile kombine edilmesinin L. botraııa ile mücadelede başarılı olmadığı kanısına varılmıştır. Yöntemin başarısızlığının nedenleri arasında deneme alanlarında izolasyon eksikliği ve bu yüzden dışarıdan gelen erkeklerin tesadüfi olarak deneme alanı içerisinde çiftleşmeleri düşünülebilir. Yönetimli çiftçi bağlarında yer alan ilaç uygulamalı parsellerdeki etki düşüklüğünün en önemli nedeni 100 1 suya konması gereken prcparal miktarının, sırt pülvcrizalörünc göre püskürtme hacmi çok daha düşük olan turbo atomizörc konması, bu yüzden bir dekara verilmesi gereken dozun ancak 1/4'ünün kullanılmasıdır. Bunun yanışı ra ilaçlamaya başlamadan salkımların önünü kapatan yaprak ve koltukların alınmaması nedeniyle inscktisillerin hedefe ulaşamaması, üretici yabancı ot mücadelesi yapmadığı için omcaların iyi havalanmayıp oluşan nemli ve korunaklı ortamın zararlı için optimum koşulları sağlaması sayılabilir Çalışmanın ikinci yöntemi olan (riflumuron 25 WP (IGR)'nin L.botrana'nın çeşitli biyolojik dönemlerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla laboratuvar ve doğada denemeler yürütülmüştür.73 Laboratuvarda 0-24, 24-48 ve 48-72 saatlik yumurtaların gelişmesine ve açılma oranlarına etkisini incelemek için mikroenjeklör ile triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 I su) topikal olarak 1 jıl/ yumurta dozunda uygulanmıştır. Kontroldeki yumurtalara hiç bir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Denemeler eş yapma deneme desenime göre 2'şer karakter ve 6'şar Ickcrrürlü olarak düzenlenmiştir. Her tekerrürde 20 yumurta yer almıştır. Kontroldeki yumurtaların tamamı açıldıktan 4 gün sonrasına kadar bütün yumurtalar her gün gözlenmiş, açılan yumurta sayılarına islatisliki analiz uygulanarak muameleler arasında fark olup olmadığı ortaya konmuştur Triflumuron 25 WP'un bütün yaş gruplarında yumurta açılımına elkisi kontrolden farklı bulunmuş, etki oranları 0-24 saatlik yumurtalarda ort. %29.21. 24-48 saatlik olanlarda %44.2I ve 48-72 saatlik olanlarda %34.30 olmuştur (Cetvel 10,1 1 ve 12). Sonuçlardan da görüldüğü gibi bu uygulamadan en fazla 24-48 saatlik L.botıana yumurtaları etkilenmekledir. Laboraluvarda 0-24, 24-48 saatlik 1. ve 0-24, 24-48, 48-72 saatlik 2. dönem kınalarda meydana getirdiği morfolojik değişiklikleri ve hayatta kalma ile ölüm oranlarını incelemek için triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 I su) I u.l /larva dozunda uygulanmıştır. Eş yapma deneme desenine göre düzenlenen 2'şcr karakter 6'şar tekerrürlü denemelerde her Ickcrrürdc 10 larva yer almıştır. Tekerrürlerdeki ölü birey sayısına istatistiki analiz uygulanarak muameleler arasında fark olup olmadığı ortaya konmuştur. Bu sonuçlara göre 0-24 ve 24-48 saatlik I dönem larvalarda uygulamalardan kaynaklanan ölüm oranı ort. %73.33 ve %88.33 (Cetvel 13 ve 14): 0-24. 24-48 ve 48-72 saatlik 2. dönem larvalarda ise sırasıyla bu değerler % 61.66. %66.66 ve %56.66 olmuştur (Cetvel 15.16 ve 17). Alınan istatistiki sonuçlara göre bütün muameleler kontrolden farklı çıkmış, ancak hem 1. hem de 2. dönem larvalarda uygulamadan ençok 24-48 saatlik bireylerin etkilendiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca 0-24 saatlik 1. dönem larvalarda bu uygulama pupanın morfolojik yapısında segmentlerin büzülmesi, renk koyulaşması, deri buruşması gibi anormalliklere yol açmıştır (Şekil 10), 24-48 saatlik I. dönem larvalarda yukarıda sayılan morfolojik bozukluklara ek olarak prepupa-pupa araformu meydana gelmişi ir (Şekil I I A). 0-24 saallik 2. dönem larvalarda larva-pupa araformu (Şekil 12), 24-48 saatliklerde pupa-ergin araformu (Şekil 13). 48-72 saatliklerde ise pupa renginde koyuluk, abdomen segmentlerinde kısalma ve deride buruşma (Şekil 14) gözlenmiştir. Doğada triflumuron 25 WP'un 0-24, 24-48 ve 48-72 saatlik yumurtalarda açılma oranına ve gelişmeye etkisini incelemek için Bornova Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü bağında eş yapma deneme deseni ne göre 2'şer karakter, 6'şar tekerrürlü düzenlenen denemelerde her tekerrürde 20 yumurta yer almıştır. Salkımlar şifon dal kafesleriyle kapatılmadan önce 40 g/74 100 1 su oranında triflumuron hazırlanıp sabit basınçlı (4.5 atın) kompresör ve Potcr tower ile püskürtülmüş, kontroldeki salkımlara hiç bir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Hergün bu salkımlar gözlenerek ölü yumurta, ölü karabaş ve açılan yumurta sayısı kaydedilmiştir Açılan yumurta sayılarına istatistiki analiz uygulandığında bütün muameleler kontrolden farklı olmuştur. 0-24 ve 48-72 saatlik yumurtalarda açılmanın engellenmesi ortalama %42.9I ve %27.50 iken (Cetvel 20 ve 22) 24-48 saatlik yumurtalarda %62.51 oranıyla en yüksek düzeydedir(CclvcI 21) Biyoteknik yöntemler içinde yer alan diğer bir uygulama da Juvcnil Hormon Analogları'nın kullanılmasıdır. Bu çalışmada incelenen JHA olan hydroprenc'in etkileri laboratuvarda saptanmıştır. 5 karakter, 5 tekerrürlü tesadüf parselleri deneme deseni'ne göre düzenlenen denemelerde 0-24 saatlik 1. ve 2. dönem larvalara 1/10. 1/100 ve I /1 000 oranında asetonla hazırlanan hydroprcne solüsyonları mikroenjeklör ile 1 pJ /larva dozunda uygulanmış. ayrıca hem aseton kontrol hem de hiç bir şey uygulanmamış kontrol olmak üzere iki ayrı kontrol karakteri kullanılmıştır. Ölüm oranlarının açı değeri karşılıklarına varyans analizi uygulandığında l/10'lıık hydroprcne solüsyonu I. ve 2. larva döneminde sırasıyla % 84.43 ve % 79.99 oranında ölüme neden olarak en etkili doz olup tek başına I. grubu oluşturmuştur (Cetvel 23 ve 24). l/100'lük hydroprcne dozu ise hem 1. hem de 2. dönem larvalarda sırasıyla % 71.10 ve % 53.33 ölüme neden olarak II. grubu oluşturmuştur. I. dönem larvalarda aseton kontrol (%64.43). I /1 000 hydroprcne (%53.32) ve kontrol (%48.88) düşük ölüm oranına neden olarak III. grubu oluşturmuşlardır. 2. dönem larvalarda I /1 000 hydroprcne % 46.66 ölüm oranı ile III. aseton kontrol % 33.33 ölüm oranı ile IV. ve kontrol % 8.88 ölüm oranı ile V. grubu oluşturmuştur. L. bot i ana nm I. dönem larvasına I /l 00 oranında hydroprcne uygulaması ile prepupa- pupa araformu oluşmuştur (Şekil 15). Aynı doz başka bir bireyin thorax ve abdomen ventralinde dcformasyonlara ve deride buluşmalara neden olmuştur (Şekil 16). I. dönem larvalara 1/1000 oranında hydroprcne uygulanmasından sonra gelişip 4. döneme kadar canlı kalanlarda abdomenin ilk scgmenllcrinde şişkinlik ve anal seğmenle doğru daralmalar, koyu bir renk ve deride meşinleşmiş alanlar oluşmuştur (Şekil 17). 1/10 oranında hydroprcne 2. dönem larvalara uygulandıktan sonra 5. döneme kadar gelişen larva normal larvaya göre çok daha kısa kalmış, koyu renkli ve meşinleşmiş bir deriye sahip olmuştur. Abdomenin anal segmentinde aşın bir inecime. thora.x'ta büzülme gözlenmiştir(Şekii 18)
Research on (he Using Possibilities of Some Biotechnical Aspects against Lobcsia botrana Den. -Schiff. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) Certain (rials were carried out to search for the possibilities of using (he mass trapping technique, which is one of (lie bio(cchnicaI aspects, against European grapevine moll) (Lobcsia botrana Den. -Schiff. ) in tzmir-Mcncmcn and Manisa-Saruhanh in 1992-1993. The (rials were designed in randomized blocks of 3 treatments (mass-trapping, insecticide application and control) and 5 replications in 1992. and 4 treatments (mass-trapping, mass-trapping ı single insecticide application against third generation, insecticide application and control) and 5 replications in 1993, By using the I trap/ 6 vinestocks density in mass-trapping plot and I (rap/plot in insecticide application and control plots, from 2.4.1992 to 8.10. 1992. the number of males captured in (he (raps were recorded weekly in all the treatments Additionally infestation rale were recorded in (he total of 100 bunches collected from 50 vinestocks in every plot. In 1992. the average effect rates were calculated to be 17.14 % for mass-trapping and 0.00 % for insecticide treatment in Menemen. 12.85% and 19.62% in Saruhanh, respectively. In 1993. the average effect rates were 0.00% for mass-trapping, 38.17% for mass-trapping + single insecticide application against (bird generation, 46.50% for insecticide application, 14.64%. 20.94% and 67.88% in Saruhanh. respectively. It was concluded that mass-trapping alone and its combination with single insecticide application were not successful in the control of L. botrana because of its ineffective performance. The reasons of this failure may be the lack of isolation, the immigration and indispensable matings caused by this lack in the experimental areas. The reason of obtaining low effects in (he insecticide treatments may be that the amount of preparation to be needed in water of 100 I is put in (he turbo atomizer which has lower spraying volume more than the knap sack sprayer, therefore the 1/4 dose to be needed per decaf is used. Furthermore, other reasons arc the dense foliage covering the bunches, humid media providing the optimal conditions to this pes! because of the growers didn't control the weeds and the insecticides which couldn't attain (o the bunches. As a second step, the trials were carried out in the laboratory and field lesls lo investigate the effect of triflumuron 25 WP (IGR) on the different biological stages of L. botrana. In the laboratory tests, triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 1 water) was applied topically with micropipet at the dose of Ipl/cgg to investigate the effects on the egg development and hatch rale in (he 0-24. 24-48 and 48-72 hour-old eggs. No application was made in the control eggs. The trials were76 designed in paired design (applied and control) with 6 replications. Groups of 20 eggs were used for each assay. The eggs were checked daily until the 4 days ahead of the full hatching of the whole eggs in the control. Then by taking account of the number of hatched eggs, statistical analysis was used to rank the difference between the treatments. The effects of triflumuron 25 WP on the egg hatch in all egg groups were different from control treatment, the average effect rates were calculated to be 29.21% for 0-24 hour- old eggs, 44.21% for 24-48 hour-old ones and 34.30% for 48-72 hour-old ones(Table 10. 1 1 and 12). As a result of these data. 24-48 hour-old eggs of L.botrana arc the most sensitive group against triflumuron 25 WP treatment In the laboratory tests, triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 I water) was applied topically with micropipet at the dose of IpJ/larva to inspect the morphological abnormalities and mortality rates caused by this compound in the first inslar larvae of 0-24, 24-48 hour-old. and second instar larvae of 0-24. 24-48, 48-72 hour-old. Groups of 10 larvae were used for each assay designed in paired design (applied and control) and 6 replications. The numbers of dead larvae were analyzed statistically, to determine whether any difference between the treatments was existing or not. According to these results, the average mortality rales were 73.33% and 88.33% for the first instar larvae of 0-24 and 24-48 hour-old (Table 13 and 14); 61.66%, 66.66% and 56.66% for the second inslar larvae of 0-24, 24-48 and 48-72 hour-old, respectively (Table 15.16 and I 7). All of these treatments were found lo be different from control. 24-48 hour-old larvae of both first and second instars arc the most sensitive group against triflumuron 25 WP treatment. This treatment caused on the first inslar larvae of 0-24 hour-old several morphological abnormalities such as shrink of the segments, dark pigmentation, wrinkled cuticle in the pupae (Fig. 10), same treatment caused a prcpupal-pupal intermediate in the first inslar larvae of 24-48 hour-old in addition lo the morphological abnormalities mentioned before (Fig. 1 1 A). It is observed that the treatment against second inslar larvae caused the larval-pupal intermediate in the second inslar larvae of 0-24 hour-old (Fig. 12), pupal-adull intermediate in the 24-48 hour-old ones (Fig. 13). dark pigmentation, shortness in abdominal segments and wrinkled cuticle in the 48-72 hour-old ones (Fig. 14). The trials were designed in paired design (applied and control) and 6 replications in the vineyard of Bornova Plant Protection Research Institute lo investigate the effect of triflumuron 25 WP on the egg development and hatch rate of 0-24, 24-48 and 48-72 hour-old eggs in the field. Groups of 20 eggs were used for each assay. Before the bunches were covered with organza shoot cages, triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 1 water) was applied by the compressor having polcr lower77 nozzle. No insecticide treatment was applied to the control bunches. By observing these bunches daily, (he numbers of undeveloped dead eggs, dead blackheads and hatched eggs were recorded. Then by taking account of the number of hatched eggs, statistical analysis was used. According to these results, all of these treatments were found to be different from control. The average effect rates were 42.91 % and 27.50% for 0-24 and 48-72 hour-old eggs, respectively (Table 20 and 22). When 24-48 hour-old eggs were compared as 0-24 and 48-72 hour-old ones, they were the most sensitive group againsl triflumuron 25 WP and its rate was 62.5 I % (Table 21). As a third step, the trials were carried out in the laboratory tests to find the effects of hydroprene (JHA) on the larvae. The trials were designed as randomized plots of 5 treatments (hydroprcne dissolved in acetone in ratios 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000. acetone control and control) and 5 replications. The hydroprcne solutions were applied topically with micropipet at the dose of lf.il/ larva in the fust and second instar larvae of 0-24 hour-old. As n result of the variance analysis, it is found that hydroprene solution at the ratio of 1/10 is the most effective treatment on the first and second instar larvae by causing the mortality of 84.43% and of 79.99%. respectively (Table 23 and 2.4). In the ratio of I /1 00, the average mortality rates were 71.10% and 53.33% for the first and second instars. respectively, and this treatment was make up group II. Acetone control (64.43%). hydroprcne solution of I /1 000 (53.32%) and control ('18.88%) were found to be ineffective on the first instar larvae, by making up group III. Hydroprcne solution of I /1 000 (46.66%), acetone control (33.33%) and control (8.88%) were also ineffective on the second instar larvae, by making up group III. IV and V, respectively. The prepupal-pupal intermediate is made up as a result of the topical application nt the ratio of 1 /1 00 hydroprene to the first instar larvae of L.botrana (Fig. 15). The same dose caused to the malformations in (he thorax and abdominal ventral parts of the body and wrinkles in the cuticle of one individual (Fig. 16). Atler the application of 1/1000 hydroprene to the first instar larvae, in the larva surviving until the fourth instar there were distention in the first abdominal segments and narrowing through (he anal segment dark pigmentation and rigid plates (Fig 1 7) After the 1/10 hydroprene application to the second instar larvae, the larva growing up to the fifth instar was shorter than normal larva and of dark pigmentation, rigid cuticle. It is observed that an extreme narrowing in the anal segment and shrink in the thorax arc happened in this larva (Fig. 18).
Research on (he Using Possibilities of Some Biotechnical Aspects against Lobcsia botrana Den. -Schiff. (Lepidoptera : Tortricidae) Certain (rials were carried out to search for the possibilities of using (he mass trapping technique, which is one of (lie bio(cchnicaI aspects, against European grapevine moll) (Lobcsia botrana Den. -Schiff. ) in tzmir-Mcncmcn and Manisa-Saruhanh in 1992-1993. The (rials were designed in randomized blocks of 3 treatments (mass-trapping, insecticide application and control) and 5 replications in 1992. and 4 treatments (mass-trapping, mass-trapping ı single insecticide application against third generation, insecticide application and control) and 5 replications in 1993, By using the I trap/ 6 vinestocks density in mass-trapping plot and I (rap/plot in insecticide application and control plots, from 2.4.1992 to 8.10. 1992. the number of males captured in (he (raps were recorded weekly in all the treatments Additionally infestation rale were recorded in (he total of 100 bunches collected from 50 vinestocks in every plot. In 1992. the average effect rates were calculated to be 17.14 % for mass-trapping and 0.00 % for insecticide treatment in Menemen. 12.85% and 19.62% in Saruhanh, respectively. In 1993. the average effect rates were 0.00% for mass-trapping, 38.17% for mass-trapping + single insecticide application against (bird generation, 46.50% for insecticide application, 14.64%. 20.94% and 67.88% in Saruhanh. respectively. It was concluded that mass-trapping alone and its combination with single insecticide application were not successful in the control of L. botrana because of its ineffective performance. The reasons of this failure may be the lack of isolation, the immigration and indispensable matings caused by this lack in the experimental areas. The reason of obtaining low effects in (he insecticide treatments may be that the amount of preparation to be needed in water of 100 I is put in (he turbo atomizer which has lower spraying volume more than the knap sack sprayer, therefore the 1/4 dose to be needed per decaf is used. Furthermore, other reasons arc the dense foliage covering the bunches, humid media providing the optimal conditions to this pes! because of the growers didn't control the weeds and the insecticides which couldn't attain (o the bunches. As a second step, the trials were carried out in the laboratory and field lesls lo investigate the effect of triflumuron 25 WP (IGR) on the different biological stages of L. botrana. In the laboratory tests, triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 1 water) was applied topically with micropipet at the dose of Ipl/cgg to investigate the effects on the egg development and hatch rale in (he 0-24. 24-48 and 48-72 hour-old eggs. No application was made in the control eggs. The trials were76 designed in paired design (applied and control) with 6 replications. Groups of 20 eggs were used for each assay. The eggs were checked daily until the 4 days ahead of the full hatching of the whole eggs in the control. Then by taking account of the number of hatched eggs, statistical analysis was used to rank the difference between the treatments. The effects of triflumuron 25 WP on the egg hatch in all egg groups were different from control treatment, the average effect rates were calculated to be 29.21% for 0-24 hour- old eggs, 44.21% for 24-48 hour-old ones and 34.30% for 48-72 hour-old ones(Table 10. 1 1 and 12). As a result of these data. 24-48 hour-old eggs of L.botrana arc the most sensitive group against triflumuron 25 WP treatment In the laboratory tests, triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 I water) was applied topically with micropipet at the dose of IpJ/larva to inspect the morphological abnormalities and mortality rates caused by this compound in the first inslar larvae of 0-24, 24-48 hour-old. and second instar larvae of 0-24. 24-48, 48-72 hour-old. Groups of 10 larvae were used for each assay designed in paired design (applied and control) and 6 replications. The numbers of dead larvae were analyzed statistically, to determine whether any difference between the treatments was existing or not. According to these results, the average mortality rales were 73.33% and 88.33% for the first instar larvae of 0-24 and 24-48 hour-old (Table 13 and 14); 61.66%, 66.66% and 56.66% for the second inslar larvae of 0-24, 24-48 and 48-72 hour-old, respectively (Table 15.16 and I 7). All of these treatments were found lo be different from control. 24-48 hour-old larvae of both first and second instars arc the most sensitive group against triflumuron 25 WP treatment. This treatment caused on the first inslar larvae of 0-24 hour-old several morphological abnormalities such as shrink of the segments, dark pigmentation, wrinkled cuticle in the pupae (Fig. 10), same treatment caused a prcpupal-pupal intermediate in the first inslar larvae of 24-48 hour-old in addition lo the morphological abnormalities mentioned before (Fig. 1 1 A). It is observed that the treatment against second inslar larvae caused the larval-pupal intermediate in the second inslar larvae of 0-24 hour-old (Fig. 12), pupal-adull intermediate in the 24-48 hour-old ones (Fig. 13). dark pigmentation, shortness in abdominal segments and wrinkled cuticle in the 48-72 hour-old ones (Fig. 14). The trials were designed in paired design (applied and control) and 6 replications in the vineyard of Bornova Plant Protection Research Institute lo investigate the effect of triflumuron 25 WP on the egg development and hatch rate of 0-24, 24-48 and 48-72 hour-old eggs in the field. Groups of 20 eggs were used for each assay. Before the bunches were covered with organza shoot cages, triflumuron 25 WP (40 g/100 1 water) was applied by the compressor having polcr lower77 nozzle. No insecticide treatment was applied to the control bunches. By observing these bunches daily, (he numbers of undeveloped dead eggs, dead blackheads and hatched eggs were recorded. Then by taking account of the number of hatched eggs, statistical analysis was used. According to these results, all of these treatments were found to be different from control. The average effect rates were 42.91 % and 27.50% for 0-24 and 48-72 hour-old eggs, respectively (Table 20 and 22). When 24-48 hour-old eggs were compared as 0-24 and 48-72 hour-old ones, they were the most sensitive group againsl triflumuron 25 WP and its rate was 62.5 I % (Table 21). As a third step, the trials were carried out in the laboratory tests to find the effects of hydroprene (JHA) on the larvae. The trials were designed as randomized plots of 5 treatments (hydroprcne dissolved in acetone in ratios 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000. acetone control and control) and 5 replications. The hydroprcne solutions were applied topically with micropipet at the dose of lf.il/ larva in the fust and second instar larvae of 0-24 hour-old. As n result of the variance analysis, it is found that hydroprene solution at the ratio of 1/10 is the most effective treatment on the first and second instar larvae by causing the mortality of 84.43% and of 79.99%. respectively (Table 23 and 2.4). In the ratio of I /1 00, the average mortality rates were 71.10% and 53.33% for the first and second instars. respectively, and this treatment was make up group II. Acetone control (64.43%). hydroprcne solution of I /1 000 (53.32%) and control ('18.88%) were found to be ineffective on the first instar larvae, by making up group III. Hydroprcne solution of I /1 000 (46.66%), acetone control (33.33%) and control (8.88%) were also ineffective on the second instar larvae, by making up group III. IV and V, respectively. The prepupal-pupal intermediate is made up as a result of the topical application nt the ratio of 1 /1 00 hydroprene to the first instar larvae of L.botrana (Fig. 15). The same dose caused to the malformations in (he thorax and abdominal ventral parts of the body and wrinkles in the cuticle of one individual (Fig. 16). Atler the application of 1/1000 hydroprene to the first instar larvae, in the larva surviving until the fourth instar there were distention in the first abdominal segments and narrowing through (he anal segment dark pigmentation and rigid plates (Fig 1 7) After the 1/10 hydroprene application to the second instar larvae, the larva growing up to the fifth instar was shorter than normal larva and of dark pigmentation, rigid cuticle. It is observed that an extreme narrowing in the anal segment and shrink in the thorax arc happened in this larva (Fig. 18).
Açıklama
Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Bitki koruma, Plant protection, Kimyasal mücadele, Chemical control, Salkım güvesi, Grapevine moth, Zararlı böcekler, Insect pests, İnsektisidler, Insecticides
