Niğde ve Nevşehir illerinde patateslerde colletotrichum coccedes (Wallr. )hughes'in oluşturduğu hastalığın oranı ve etmenin patojenisitesini etkileyen bazı faktörler üzerinde araştırmalar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1996
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
109 ÖZET Türkiye toplam patates üretiminin yaklaşık % 41'ini gerçekleştiren Niğde ve Nevşehir illeri, aynı zamanda en önemli tohumluk üretim merkezleridir. Bu çalışmayla, Niğde ve Nevşehir illerinde patateslerde Cotletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes'in oluşturduğu hastalığın oranını ve kimi faktörlerin etmenin patojenisitesine etkisini saptamak amaçlanmıştır. 1993 ve 1994 yıllarında tarla sürveyleri, 1994 ve 1995 yıllarında ise depo sürveyleri ve sera denemeleri yapılmıştır. Tarlada bitkilerin ve depoda yumruların C. coccodes' \e enfekteii olup olmadıkları makroskobik ve mikroskobik incelemeler ile izolasyon yöntemi uygulanarak belirlenmiştir. 1993 yılı tarla sürveyleri sonucu, Niğde patates üretim alanlarındaki bitkilerin ortalama % 8.46'sının, Nevşehir patates üretim alanlarındaki bitkilerin ise % 8.97'sinin C. coccodes'te enfekteii olduğu saptanmıştır. 2. yıl tarla sürveylerinde hastalığın çıkış oranı Niğde'de ortalama % 6.83, Nevşehir'de % 8.65 olarak bulunmuştur. Yörede 2 yıllık tarla sürveyleri sonucunda, hastalığın ortalama çıkış oranı % 8.29, yaygınlık oranı % 78.22 olarak belirlenmiştir. Patates çeşitlerinde hastalığa yakalanma oranı, en yüksek % 22.56, % 17.04, % 14.47 ve % 12.01 ile sırasıyla Jearle, Van Gogh, Panda ve Marfona, en düşük % 5.03 ve % 5.88 ile sırasıyla Granola ve Resy çeşitlerinde görülmüştür. Niğde ve Nevşehir depolarında patates yumruları survey verilerine göre enfekteii yumru oranı, 1994 yılında ortalama % 1.65, yaygınlık oranı % 53.33, 1995 yılında ise sırasıyla % 1.88 ve % 50.90 olarak bulunmuştur. Yörede C. coccodes'\e enfekteii yumru oranı ortalama % 1.77, yaygınlık oranı ise % 52.17 olarak saptanmıştır. C. coccodes'le enfekteii yumruya en yüksek oranda Jearle, en düşük oranda Van Gogh patates çeşitlerinde rastlanmıştır.110 Seçilen 8 C. coccodes izolatının patojenisite testleri sonucu patates bitkilerindeki patojenik yeteneklerinin birbirinden farklı olduğu saptanmıştır. En yüksek patojenisiteye % 95 ile 9351 numaralı izolatın, en düşük patojenisiteye ise % 40 ile 93132 numaralı izolatın sahip olduğu bulunmuştur. Fungusun patojenisitesine bazı faktörlerin etkisini saptamak için 1994 ve 1995 yıllarında sera koşullarında bir dizi deneme yürütülmüştür. Bu denemeler sonucunda; - Etmenin patojenik potansiyelinin değişiminde patates çeşidi etkili bir faktör olarak bulunmuştur. - Konidiospor süspansiyonu ve fungal kitle inokulumunun yoğunlukları arttıkça hastalığın şiddetinde artış saptanmıştır. Hastalığın çıkışında inokulum tipleri değil, inokulum yoğunlukları önemli bulunmuştur. - C. coccocfes'in bazı toprak kökenli bitki patojenleriyle birlikteliğinde ve teksel inokulasyonlarda bitkilerde gözlenen hastalık şiddetleri arasındaki farkların önemsiz olduğu saptanmıştır. C. coccodes'm R. sofanı, F. solanı ve F. oxyspowm birlikteliğinde belirgin bir antagonistik veya sinergistik etkileşimin olmadığı görülmüştür. - Sulama faktörü etmenin patojenisitesinde değişime neden olmuştur. Sık sulamanın hastalığı artırdığı bulunmuştur
111 SUMMARY Niğde and Nevşehir provinces where approximately 41 % of the total potato production of Turkey is produced are the most important production centres of seed tuber. The aim of this study is to investigate the ratio of disease caused by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes on potatoes in Niğde and Nevşehir provinces and some factors affecting pathogenicity of the causal agent. Field surveys in 1993 and 1994, storage surveys and greenhouse experiments in 1994 and 1995 were conducted. Infected plants in field and infected tubers in storage with C. coccodes were determined by means of macroscopic and microscopic observations and an isolation method. According to the field surveys carried out in 1993, the averages of infected plants with C. coccodes were determined as 8.46 % and 8.97 % in Niğde and Nevşehir, respectively. As a result of field surveys of 1994 the occurrence of disease in Niğde and Nevşehir were 6.83 % and 8.65 %, respectively. The average occurrence of disease in 1993 and 1994 was determined as 8.29 % and the prevalence was 78.22 %. Highest occurrences of disease with 22.56 %, 1 7.04 %, 14.47 % and 12.01 % in Jearie, Van Gogh, Panda and Marfona while lowest occurrences with 5.03 % and 5.88 % in Granola and Resy respectively were determined. Storage surveys in Niğde and Nevşehir showed that the average infected tuber ratio and prevalence ratio were 1.65 % and 53.33 % in 1994, respectively. However, these values were 1.88 % and 50.90 % in 1995. The average infection and prevalence ratios were 1.77 % and 52.17 % for Niğde and Nevşehir respectively. The highest ratio of tubers infected with C. coccodes was in Jearie variety while the lowest ratio was in Van Gogh.112 The pathogenic potentials of C. coccodes isolates selected from the result of laboratory studies were different. The highest pathogenicity ratio was observed in 9351 numbered isolate as 95 %, the lowest ratio (40 %) was in 93132 numbered isolate. To determine effectiveness of some factors on the pathogenicity of the fungus, several experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in 1994 and 1995. The results are as follows; - The potato varieties played essential role on variation of pathogenic potential of the causal agent. - Increased conidiospor suspension and fungal mass inoculation increased the severity of disease. The difference between inoculation types wasn't significant in terms of the severity of disease. - Differences between the observed severities of the disease by use of C. coccodes separated or combined with other some soil-borne plant pathogens were not significant. There was not antagonistic or synergistic relationship in use of C. coccodes with R solani, F, sofani and F. oxysporum. - Irrigation caused variation on pattiogenic potential of the fungus. The disease increased with frequent irrigation.
111 SUMMARY Niğde and Nevşehir provinces where approximately 41 % of the total potato production of Turkey is produced are the most important production centres of seed tuber. The aim of this study is to investigate the ratio of disease caused by Colletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes on potatoes in Niğde and Nevşehir provinces and some factors affecting pathogenicity of the causal agent. Field surveys in 1993 and 1994, storage surveys and greenhouse experiments in 1994 and 1995 were conducted. Infected plants in field and infected tubers in storage with C. coccodes were determined by means of macroscopic and microscopic observations and an isolation method. According to the field surveys carried out in 1993, the averages of infected plants with C. coccodes were determined as 8.46 % and 8.97 % in Niğde and Nevşehir, respectively. As a result of field surveys of 1994 the occurrence of disease in Niğde and Nevşehir were 6.83 % and 8.65 %, respectively. The average occurrence of disease in 1993 and 1994 was determined as 8.29 % and the prevalence was 78.22 %. Highest occurrences of disease with 22.56 %, 1 7.04 %, 14.47 % and 12.01 % in Jearie, Van Gogh, Panda and Marfona while lowest occurrences with 5.03 % and 5.88 % in Granola and Resy respectively were determined. Storage surveys in Niğde and Nevşehir showed that the average infected tuber ratio and prevalence ratio were 1.65 % and 53.33 % in 1994, respectively. However, these values were 1.88 % and 50.90 % in 1995. The average infection and prevalence ratios were 1.77 % and 52.17 % for Niğde and Nevşehir respectively. The highest ratio of tubers infected with C. coccodes was in Jearie variety while the lowest ratio was in Van Gogh.112 The pathogenic potentials of C. coccodes isolates selected from the result of laboratory studies were different. The highest pathogenicity ratio was observed in 9351 numbered isolate as 95 %, the lowest ratio (40 %) was in 93132 numbered isolate. To determine effectiveness of some factors on the pathogenicity of the fungus, several experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions in 1994 and 1995. The results are as follows; - The potato varieties played essential role on variation of pathogenic potential of the causal agent. - Increased conidiospor suspension and fungal mass inoculation increased the severity of disease. The difference between inoculation types wasn't significant in terms of the severity of disease. - Differences between the observed severities of the disease by use of C. coccodes separated or combined with other some soil-borne plant pathogens were not significant. There was not antagonistic or synergistic relationship in use of C. coccodes with R solani, F, sofani and F. oxysporum. - Irrigation caused variation on pattiogenic potential of the fungus. The disease increased with frequent irrigation.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Bitki koruma, Plant protection, Colletotrichum coccodes, Colletotrichum coccodes, Nevşehir, Nevşehir, Niğde, Niğde, Patates, Potato
