Akut maksimal bir egzersizin serum eşleşme bozucu protein 1 (UCP1) düzeyi üzerine etkisi ve UCP1-3826 A/G polimorfizminin rolü
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Kronik hastalıkların başlıca nedeninin obeziteden kaynaklandığı belirtilmektedir.
Egzersiz tarafından indüklenen irisin hormonunun beyaz yağ dokusundaki eşleşme
bozucu protein 1 (UCP-1) miktarını arttırarak onu kahverengi yağ dokusuna
dönüştürdüğü iddia edilmektedir. UCP-1, oksidatif fosforilasyon esnasında ATP
sentezi yerine ısı oluşumuna neden olarak termojenez yoluyla adipoz dokunun
azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle egzersiz obezitenin önlenmesinde bir araç
olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak egzersizin serum UCP-1 düzeyleri üzerine etkisi ve bu
etkide UCP-1 A-3826G polimorfizmi (UCP1P)’nin rolü belirsizdir. Bu çalışmada
sedanter bireyler ve düzenli anaerobik antrenmanlar yapan sporcularda akut maximal
bir egzersizin serum UCP-1, irisin, nitrik oksit (NO) ve interlökin 6 (IL-6) düzeyleri
üzerine etkisi ve bu etkide UCP1P’nin rolü araştırıldı. Bu amaçla erkek basketbol,
voleybol ve hentbol oyuncular (SG, n=43, yaş: 20,65±2,46 yıl) ile sağlıklı sedanter
erkeklere (KG, n=43, yaş: 22,49±3,51 yıl) Yo-Yo IR-1 testi uygulandı. Test öncesi ve
sonrası alınan tokluk venöz kan örneklerinden serum UCP-1, irisin, IL-6 ve NO
düzeyleri ELISA yöntemiyle, hemogram, serum üre, glukoz düzeyleri yanı sıra, kan
lipid ve lipoproteinleri olarak total, yüksek ve düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol
(T-K, HDL-K ve LDL-K), HDL-dışı kolesterol ve trigliserid (TG) düzeyleri, oksidatif
stres (OS) indeksi (OSİ) olarak total oksidan/antioksidan statüsü (TOS/TAS) oranı ve
diğer bir OS göstergesi olan tiyobarbitürik asit reaktif maddeler (TBARS), kas hasarı
göstergeleri olarak kreatin kinaz (CK), alanin ve aspartat amino tranferaz (ALT ve
AST) enzim aktiviteleri, inflamasyon göstergeleri olarak C reaktif protein (CRP), ve
lökosit (WBC) düzeyleri standart biyokimyasal yöntemlerle, UCP1P ise genomik
DNA örneklerinden restriksiyon fragman uzunluğu polimorfizmi analizi (PCR-RFLP)
yöntemiyle belirlendi. Akut egzersiz tüm katılımcıların serum UCP-1, irisin, IL-6, NO,
üre, kreatinin, glukoz, kan lipoprotein düzeylerini, inflasmasyon, OS ve kas hasarı
göstergelerini arttırırken, serum TG düzeylerini ise düşürdüğü gözlendi p<0,05).
SG’ye kıyasla KG’nin serum UCP-1, TAS, LDL-K ve HDL-dışı kolesterol
düzeylerinin daha yüksek, serum OSİ, TBARS ve IL-6 düzeylerinin ise daha düşük
olduğu belirlendi (p<0,05). Ayrıca KG’nin egzersiz sonrası TBARS düzeyleri
düşerken, SG’ninki arttı (p<0,05). Diğer genotip gruplara kıyasla G alelini taşıyan tüm bireyler ile sporcu GG homozigot grubundakilerde OSİ düzeylerinin daha yüksek
olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Ayrıca diğer genotip gruplara kıyasla G alelini taşıyan
sedanter bireylerde serum NO düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu saptandı (p<0,05).
Bunun yanı sıra diğer genotip gruplara kıyasla tüm AA homozigot bireylerde egzersiz
sonrası üre artışının daha fazla olduğu, AA homozigot sedanter bireylerde ise egzersiz
sonrası görülen CK ve üre artışlarının daha fazla olduğu görüldü (p<0,05). Sonuç
olarak, akut egzersizin tüm katılımcılarda serum UCP-1, irisin, NO ve IL-6 düzeylerini
anlamlı olarak arttırdığı saptandı. Buna karşın kronik anaerobik antrenmanların serum
UCP-1 düzeylerini anlamlı olarak düşürdüğü, serum IL-6 düzeylerini anlamlı olarak
arttırdığı, fakat serum irisin ve NO düzeylerini anlamlı olarak etkilemediği görüldü.
Ancak UCP1P’nin yalnızca akut ve/veya kronik egzersizin serum NO, OSİ, CK ve üre
düzeyleri üzerine etkilerini modifiye ettiği saptandı. Sporcu GG homozigot bireylerin
genetik olarak daha yüksek bir OS, G alelini taşıyan sedanterlerin ise daha yüksek bir
NO düzeyine sahip olabilecekleri, benzer şekilde AA homozigot sedanter bireylerin
ise akut egzersiz sonrası daha büyük bir kas hasarı riski taşıdığı söylenebilir.
Chronic diseases are mainly caused by obesity. Exercise induced irisin is thought to turn white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue by increasing the amount of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in WAT. UCP-1 causes heat generation instead of ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in reduction of adipose tissue through thermogenesis. Therefore, exercise is used as a means of preventing obesity. However, the effect of exercise on serum UCP-1 levels and the role of UCP- 1 A-3826G polymorphism (UCP1P) in this effect are uncertain. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of an acute maximal exercise on serum UCP-1, irisin, nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and the mediating role of UCP1P in sedentary individuals and athletes doing regular anaerobic training. For this purpose, Yo-Yo IR-1 test was applied to male basketball, volleyball and handball players (SG, n = 43, age: 20.65 ± 2.46 years) and healthy sedentary men (CG, n = 43, age: 22.49 ± 3.51 years). From pre-and post-test postprandial venous blood samples, serum UCP- 1, irisin, IL-6 and NO levels was determined by ELISA method; hemogram, serum urea, glucose levels, as well as serum total, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC, HDL-C and LDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels as blood lipid and lipoproteins, total oxidant/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) ratio as oxidative stress (OS) index (OSI) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as another indicator of OS, creatine kinase (CK), alanine and aspartate amino transferase (ALT and AST) enzyme activities as indicators of muscle damage, C reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte (WBC) levels as indicators of inflammation was measured by standard biochemical methods; and UCP1P was determined from genomic DNA samples by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCRRFLP) method. Acute exercise increased serum UCP-1, irisin, IL-6, NO, urea, creatinine, glucose, blood lipoprotein levels, inflammation, OS and muscle damage indicators, while decreasing serum TG levels p<0.05). CG's serum UCP-1, TAS, LDLC and non-HDL cholesterol levels were higher, while serum OSI, TBARS and IL-6 levels were lower compared to SG (p<0.05). While TBARS levels of CG decreased after exercise, SG's increased (p<0.05). OSI levels were higher in all G-carriers individuals and in GG homozygous athletes compared to other genotype groups (p<0.05). Serum NO levels were higher in G-carriers sedentary individuals compared to other genotype groups (p<0.05). Compared to other genotype groups, urea increase after exercise was higher in all AA homozygous individuals, while increases in CK and urea after exercise were higher in AA homozygous sedentary individuals (p<0.05). In conclusion, acute exercise significantly increased serum UCP-1, NO, irisin and IL- 6 levels in all participants. Moreover, while chronic anaerobic training significantly decreased serum UCP-1 and increased serum IL-6, it did not affect serum irisin and NO levels. However, UCP1P only modified the effects of acute and/or chronic exercises on serum NO, OSİ, CK and urea levels. GG homozygous athletes, G-carriers sedentary individuals, and AA homozygous sedentary individuals may have respectively higher OS, higher serum NO level, and a greater risk of muscle damage after acute exercise.
Chronic diseases are mainly caused by obesity. Exercise induced irisin is thought to turn white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue by increasing the amount of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in WAT. UCP-1 causes heat generation instead of ATP synthesis during oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in reduction of adipose tissue through thermogenesis. Therefore, exercise is used as a means of preventing obesity. However, the effect of exercise on serum UCP-1 levels and the role of UCP- 1 A-3826G polymorphism (UCP1P) in this effect are uncertain. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of an acute maximal exercise on serum UCP-1, irisin, nitric oxide (NO) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels and the mediating role of UCP1P in sedentary individuals and athletes doing regular anaerobic training. For this purpose, Yo-Yo IR-1 test was applied to male basketball, volleyball and handball players (SG, n = 43, age: 20.65 ± 2.46 years) and healthy sedentary men (CG, n = 43, age: 22.49 ± 3.51 years). From pre-and post-test postprandial venous blood samples, serum UCP- 1, irisin, IL-6 and NO levels was determined by ELISA method; hemogram, serum urea, glucose levels, as well as serum total, high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC, HDL-C and LDL-C), non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) levels as blood lipid and lipoproteins, total oxidant/antioxidant status (TOS/TAS) ratio as oxidative stress (OS) index (OSI) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as another indicator of OS, creatine kinase (CK), alanine and aspartate amino transferase (ALT and AST) enzyme activities as indicators of muscle damage, C reactive protein (CRP) and leukocyte (WBC) levels as indicators of inflammation was measured by standard biochemical methods; and UCP1P was determined from genomic DNA samples by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCRRFLP) method. Acute exercise increased serum UCP-1, irisin, IL-6, NO, urea, creatinine, glucose, blood lipoprotein levels, inflammation, OS and muscle damage indicators, while decreasing serum TG levels p<0.05). CG's serum UCP-1, TAS, LDLC and non-HDL cholesterol levels were higher, while serum OSI, TBARS and IL-6 levels were lower compared to SG (p<0.05). While TBARS levels of CG decreased after exercise, SG's increased (p<0.05). OSI levels were higher in all G-carriers individuals and in GG homozygous athletes compared to other genotype groups (p<0.05). Serum NO levels were higher in G-carriers sedentary individuals compared to other genotype groups (p<0.05). Compared to other genotype groups, urea increase after exercise was higher in all AA homozygous individuals, while increases in CK and urea after exercise were higher in AA homozygous sedentary individuals (p<0.05). In conclusion, acute exercise significantly increased serum UCP-1, NO, irisin and IL- 6 levels in all participants. Moreover, while chronic anaerobic training significantly decreased serum UCP-1 and increased serum IL-6, it did not affect serum irisin and NO levels. However, UCP1P only modified the effects of acute and/or chronic exercises on serum NO, OSİ, CK and urea levels. GG homozygous athletes, G-carriers sedentary individuals, and AA homozygous sedentary individuals may have respectively higher OS, higher serum NO level, and a greater risk of muscle damage after acute exercise.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
UCP-1-3826 A/G Polimorfizmi, Beyaz Yağ Dokusunun Bejleşmesi, Akut Egzersiz, İrisin, İnterlökin-6, Eşleşme Bozucu Protein-1, UCP-1-3826 A/G Polymorphism, Browning of White Adipose Tissue, Acute Exercise, Irisin, Interleukine-6, Uncoupling Protein-1
