Sebzelerde kullanılan bazı bitki büyüme hormonlarının Nezara viridula (L. ) (Het. : Pentatomidae)'nın biyolojisi ve morfolojisine olan etkileri üzerinde araştırmalar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1992
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
ÖZET Bitki büyüme hormonlarının bitkilerin morfolojik ve fizyolojik özelliklerini büyük oranda değiştirmeye ne den olan kimyasal maddeler oldukları bilinmektedir. Bu tip kimyasalların bitki büyüme ve gelişme olaylarındaki etki ve düzenleyiciliklerini bitkide herhangi bir büyüme ve gelişme olayını başlatmak veya durdurmakla yarattıkları anlaşılmıştır. Türkiye'deki seracılığın özelliğinden kaynaklanan nedenlerle, ülkemizde sera da patlıcan ve domates üretiminde bu sözü edilen hormonlar 1970' li yılların sonlarından beri kullanılmaktadır. Bitkisel ürünlerin nicelik ve niteliğini arttırma amacıyla kullanılan hormonların agroekosistem içinde yer alan böcekleri ne şekilde etkilediğini ortaya koymak amacıyla bir test böceği olarak seçilen Nezara viridula (L. )'nın. biyolojisi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya doğadan N.viridula ergin bireylerinin toplanmasıyla başlanmıştır. Mart ayında kışlaktan yeni çıkmış ve hiç yumurta bırakmamış N.viridula erginleri doğadan toplanıp Bornova Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü'ndeki iklim odasına getirilmiştir. Bu ergin bireyler bahçe ve serada yetiştirilen fasulye bitkisinin kapsülleriyle beslenmiş ve yumurta bırakmaları sağlanmıştır. Elde edilen bu yumurtalardan çıkan nimf ve erginlere laboratuvar ve tarla koşullarında Alar 85 ve Agro-Gibb isimli hormonlar uygulanarak etkileri incelenmiştir. Laboratuvar86 koşullarında hormonlar yumurta, nimf ve erginlere püskürtme olarak uygulanmıştır. Tarla koşullarında gerçekleştirilen denemelerde ise sadece erginler ele alınmış, fasulye bitkisi Alar 85 ve Agro-Gibb ile ilaçlandıktan sonra N.viridula bulaştırılmış ve N.viridula aşılanmış fasulye bitkisine Alar 85 ve Agro-Gibb uygulanması şeklinde açılmıştır. Laboratuvarda gerçekleştirilen denemelerde; püskürtme uygulamasıyla Agro-Gibb uygulanan yumurtalarda açılma sağlanamazken, Alar 85 uygulanan yumurtalarda açılma oranı %8.5 düzeyinde kalmıştır. Buna karşın kontrol parselindeki yumurtalarda ise açılma oranı %98.7 olarak saptanmıştır. Püskürtme şeklinde Alar 85, Agro-Gibb ve kontrol olarak saf su uygulanan 3. dönem nimflerde ilk 4 günde sırasıyla %30, %0 ve %10 ölüm saptanırken, 5. dönem nimflerde sırasıyla %20, %95, kontrol parselinde de %75 ölüm saptanmıştır. Püskürtme şeklinde Alar 85 ve Agro- Gibb uygulanan N.viridula ergin bireylerinde ilk günde Agro-Gibb parselinde %40 ölüm görüldüğü halde, kontrol Alar 85' de ölüm oranının %5'de kaldığı saptanmıştır. Ergin bireylere yapılan hormon uygulamaları sonucunda yumurta elde edilememiş, kontrol parselinde ise 47 yumurta elde edildiği, bu yumurtaların da %91,48'inin açıldığı saptanmıştır.87 Tarlada açılan denemelerde üzerinde N.viridula beslenen bitkiye Alar 85 ve Agro-Gibb uygulandığında, kont rol parselinde 250 yumurta bırakıldığı halde Alar 85 ve Agro-Gibb parselinde hiç yumurta elde edilmemiştir. Aynı şekilde hormon uygulandıktan sonra N.viridula aşılanan bit kide beslenen N.viridula 'nın ergin bireylerinden de kontrol parseli hariç yumurta elde edilmemiştir. Kontrol parselin de 376 yumurta elde edilmiştir. Agro-Gibb uygulanan fasul ye bitkilerinde beslenen N.viridula ergin bireylerinin ömrünün kontrola göre 7 gün uzadığı saptanmıştır. Alar 85 ve Agro-Gibb' in N.viridula erginlerinin morfolojilerinde yaptığı etkiyi saptamak amacıyla nimfler ergin olduklarında öldüğü zaman, erginler ise öldüklerinde tartılarak ağırlıkları bulunmuştur. Yapılan varyans analizi sonucunda tüm uygulamalarda MF? değeri önemsiz çıkmış ve aralarında istatistiksel öneme sahip bir fark buluna mamıştır..*???-
SUMMARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OP SOME PLANT GRO.VT REGULATORS US3D ON THE VEGETABLES ON THE BIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OP NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.) It has been known that plant growth regulators are the chemical substances which cause drastic changes in plant physiology and morphology. These chemicals work by interrupting or initiating any pathway in the plant growth process. They have been heavily used in the green houses, especially on the tomatoes and eggplants, since late 1970' s. The influence of the plant growth regulators on the biology of the insects in the ag- roecosystem where they have been applied to improve the quality and quantity of the plants was investigated through the chosen test bug, N e zara viridula. The first step of this study was to collect adults of N. viridula from their habitat. Adults, newly completed overwintering and have no oviposition, were collected in March by means of routine methods and were brought to the growth chamber at Bornova Plant Protection Research89 Institute. Adults were fed with fresh beans and were stimulated to lay the eggs down. Effects of the chemicals were examined by applying Alar-85 and Agro-Gibb to the eggs, nymphs, and adults under the laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, the chemicals were applied to the eggs, nymphs, and adults by spraying. In the field only the adults were treated with the chemicals. Bean plants were sprayed with the chemicals preceding insect inoculation. The other application was performed by sp raying the insect inoculated plants with the chemicals. There was no hatching among the eggs sprayed with Agro-Gibb, while 8.5% and 98.7$ hatching was recorded among the Alar-85 sprayed and control eggs, respecti vely. When Alar-85 and Agro-Gibb were applied in the form of spray, they were toxic. Death rates were 30%, 0%, and 20%, 95% among the third and fifth stage nymphs on the forth day of the application, respectively. In the control plots where only distilled water was used 10 % and 75% death was recorded on the same days. Toxic effects of these treatments to the adults were recorded to be 40% death on the first day of the Agro-Gibb application while it was 5% in both Alar-85 and control plots. Adults that were treated with the chemicals were not able to lay e^ down. In the control plots only 47 eggs were laid and 91,48% of which hatched.90 In the field tests, there were no eggs in either treatment, while 376 eggs were counted in the control of the first and 250 eggs in the secont control plots. It was pointed out that life of the adults which fed on the Agro-Gibb applied plants extended 7 more days compared with the control. In order to determine the effects of Alar 85 and Agro-Gibb on the adults of M.viridula. both the adults directly applied with the chemicals and the adults matu red from the applied nymphs were '.reigned in all treatments separately. Ihe "F" value was not significant and there were no statistically significant (P:0. 05) differences among the treatments.
SUMMARY INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECTS OP SOME PLANT GRO.VT REGULATORS US3D ON THE VEGETABLES ON THE BIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OP NEZARA VIRIDULA (L.) It has been known that plant growth regulators are the chemical substances which cause drastic changes in plant physiology and morphology. These chemicals work by interrupting or initiating any pathway in the plant growth process. They have been heavily used in the green houses, especially on the tomatoes and eggplants, since late 1970' s. The influence of the plant growth regulators on the biology of the insects in the ag- roecosystem where they have been applied to improve the quality and quantity of the plants was investigated through the chosen test bug, N e zara viridula. The first step of this study was to collect adults of N. viridula from their habitat. Adults, newly completed overwintering and have no oviposition, were collected in March by means of routine methods and were brought to the growth chamber at Bornova Plant Protection Research89 Institute. Adults were fed with fresh beans and were stimulated to lay the eggs down. Effects of the chemicals were examined by applying Alar-85 and Agro-Gibb to the eggs, nymphs, and adults under the laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, the chemicals were applied to the eggs, nymphs, and adults by spraying. In the field only the adults were treated with the chemicals. Bean plants were sprayed with the chemicals preceding insect inoculation. The other application was performed by sp raying the insect inoculated plants with the chemicals. There was no hatching among the eggs sprayed with Agro-Gibb, while 8.5% and 98.7$ hatching was recorded among the Alar-85 sprayed and control eggs, respecti vely. When Alar-85 and Agro-Gibb were applied in the form of spray, they were toxic. Death rates were 30%, 0%, and 20%, 95% among the third and fifth stage nymphs on the forth day of the application, respectively. In the control plots where only distilled water was used 10 % and 75% death was recorded on the same days. Toxic effects of these treatments to the adults were recorded to be 40% death on the first day of the Agro-Gibb application while it was 5% in both Alar-85 and control plots. Adults that were treated with the chemicals were not able to lay e^ down. In the control plots only 47 eggs were laid and 91,48% of which hatched.90 In the field tests, there were no eggs in either treatment, while 376 eggs were counted in the control of the first and 250 eggs in the secont control plots. It was pointed out that life of the adults which fed on the Agro-Gibb applied plants extended 7 more days compared with the control. In order to determine the effects of Alar 85 and Agro-Gibb on the adults of M.viridula. both the adults directly applied with the chemicals and the adults matu red from the applied nymphs were '.reigned in all treatments separately. Ihe "F" value was not significant and there were no statistically significant (P:0. 05) differences among the treatments.
Açıklama
Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Bitki büyüme düzenleyicileri, Plant growth regulators, Daminozid, Daminozide, Gibberellik asit, Gibberellic acid, Nezara viridula, Nezara viridula, Sebzeler, Vegetables
