Patateste Rihzoctonia solan'ye karşı Trichoderma türlerini etkinliği ve bazı Fungistlerle birlikte kullanılması
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Tarih
2013
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Rhizoctonia solani patateste kök boğazı nekrozu ve siyah siğil hastalığına neden olan önemli bir patojendir. Bitkinin stolon ve gövdesinde lezyonlara yol açarak gelişme geriliğine ve büyük verim kayıplarına; yine yumru üzerinde oluşturduğu siyah siğiller, çatlamalar ve şekil bozuklukları ile kalite ve pazar değeri kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Fungus, tohum ve toprak kökenli olup mücadelesi genellikle zor ve pahalıdır. Çalışma, sera ve laboratuvar koşullarında 2006-2008 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, R. solani’ye karşı antagonistik etkili 8 Trichoderma türüne ait 20 izolat (T. harzianum TZ14, T. harzianum TZ18, T. harzianum LO51, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum -A11, T. harzianum BOZ22, T. harzianum BOZ35, T. spirale KB13, T. spirale KB51, T. spirale BOZ19, T. spirale BOZ30, T. gamsii VG19, T. gamsii VG47, T. asperellum TZ17, T. asperellum TZ20, T. inhamatum KEB12, inhamatum PT12, T. hamatum ÖT16, T. strigosum LO43, T. crassum VG66) kullanılmıştır. R. solani ile bulaştırılmış toprakta temiz yumrularla ve temiz toprakta patojenin sklerotlarıyla bulaşık yumrular kullanarak saksı denemeleri kurulmuştur. Birinci saksı denemesinde, antagonistler tek başına uygulanmış ve kök boğazı nekrozunu engellemede en etkili izolatların T. asperellum TZ20, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum TZ14 ve T. hamatum ÖT16 olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca, R. solani’ ye karşı önerilen bazı fungisitlere karşı [Rizolex (Tolclofos methyl, % 50), Rizolex-T (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram, % 20+30), Celest-max (Fludioxonil, 100g/l)] patojenin ve bazı antagonist izolatların duyarlılıkları in vitro koşullarında araştırılmış ve bu antagonistlerin farklı duyarlılıklar gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir. Farklı ilaç dozlarında R. solani’nin gelişimi ise tamamıyla engellenmiştir. İkinci saksı denemesinde, antagonistler (Trichoderma asperellum TZ20, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum TZ14 ve T. hamatum ÖT16) ve [Rizolex-T (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram % 20+30), Celest-max (Fludioxonil, 100g/l)] kimyasal ilaçların ¼ dozlarıyla birlikte kullanım olanaklarının araştırılması amaçlanmış ve Serada, R. solani ile bulaştırılmış toprakta temiz yumrularla ve temiz toprakta patojenin sklerotlarıyla bulaşık yumrular kullanarak saksı denemeleri kurulmuştur. Antagonistler, kimyasal ilaçların ¼ dozu ile birlikte yumrulara uygulanmış ve çalışmada kök boğazı nekrozu hastalığını engellemede tek başına uygulanmalara göre önemli fark meydana gelmediği; ancak yumrularda siyah siğil hastalığının engellenmesinde etkililiğin belli oranda arttığı saptanmıştır.
Rhizoctonia solani is an important fungal pathogen that causes both stem canker and black scurf of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), which leads to tuber yield reductions and losses in tuber quality. Stem canker consists of stem lesions that can reduce tuber yield by reducing the transport of nutrients throughout the plant. Black scurf is the formation of sclerotia, the long-term survival structure of the fungus, on newly formed tubers. The fungus is both tuber and soil borne and is difficult to control and expensive. The research was conducted in greenhouse and laboratory conditions in 2006-2008 years. In this sudy, 20 isolates from 8 Trichoderma species already determinated as having an antagonistic activity against R. solani (T. harzianum TZ14, T. harzianum TZ18, T. harzianum LO51, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum -A11, T. harzianum BOZ22, T. harzianum BOZ35, T. spirale KB13, T. spirale KB51, T. spirale BOZ19, T. spirale BOZ30, T. gamsii VG19, T. gamsii - VG47, T. asperellum TZ17, T. asperellum TZ20, T. inhamatum KEB12, inhamatum PT12, T. hamatum ÖT16, T. strigosum LO43, T. crassum VG66) were used. Greenhouse trials in pot conditions were carried out. In trials, two different experiments were performed in artificially infested soil with healthy tubers and in uninfested soil with naturally infested tubers. Antagonistic isolates were tested individually at the first pot experiment. The most promising antagonists against stem cancer, when applied alone, were Trichoderma asperellum TZ20, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum TZ14 and T. hamatum ÖT16. The sensitivity of R. solani and some antagonistic isolates was also tested against some fungicides [Rizolex (Tolclofos methyl, 50%), Rizolex-T (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram, 20+30%) and Celest-max (Fludioxonil, 100G/l)] which are extensively used against R. solani. They also showed the variation in sensitivity against fungicides in vitro. The development of Rhizoctonia solani completely prevented in different fungicide doses. The control possibilities of the combination of low doses of fungicides and antagonists were investigated with the second pot experiment. In trials, experiments were performed in artificially infested soil with healthy tubers and in uninfested soil with naturally infested tubers. Selected antagonists, Trichoderma asperellum TZ20, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum TZ14 and T. hamatum ÖT16 and ¼ dose of registered seed fungicides [Rizolex-T (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram % 20+30), Celest-max (Fludioxonil, 100g/l)] were applied in combination to detect compatible fungicide/antagonist combinations for integrated disease control. Results showed that the combinations did not increase the efficacy against stem cancer with respect to the individual treatments, however, effectiveness of fungicide/antagonist combinations on black scurf was higher with limited extent.
Rhizoctonia solani is an important fungal pathogen that causes both stem canker and black scurf of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), which leads to tuber yield reductions and losses in tuber quality. Stem canker consists of stem lesions that can reduce tuber yield by reducing the transport of nutrients throughout the plant. Black scurf is the formation of sclerotia, the long-term survival structure of the fungus, on newly formed tubers. The fungus is both tuber and soil borne and is difficult to control and expensive. The research was conducted in greenhouse and laboratory conditions in 2006-2008 years. In this sudy, 20 isolates from 8 Trichoderma species already determinated as having an antagonistic activity against R. solani (T. harzianum TZ14, T. harzianum TZ18, T. harzianum LO51, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum -A11, T. harzianum BOZ22, T. harzianum BOZ35, T. spirale KB13, T. spirale KB51, T. spirale BOZ19, T. spirale BOZ30, T. gamsii VG19, T. gamsii - VG47, T. asperellum TZ17, T. asperellum TZ20, T. inhamatum KEB12, inhamatum PT12, T. hamatum ÖT16, T. strigosum LO43, T. crassum VG66) were used. Greenhouse trials in pot conditions were carried out. In trials, two different experiments were performed in artificially infested soil with healthy tubers and in uninfested soil with naturally infested tubers. Antagonistic isolates were tested individually at the first pot experiment. The most promising antagonists against stem cancer, when applied alone, were Trichoderma asperellum TZ20, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum TZ14 and T. hamatum ÖT16. The sensitivity of R. solani and some antagonistic isolates was also tested against some fungicides [Rizolex (Tolclofos methyl, 50%), Rizolex-T (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram, 20+30%) and Celest-max (Fludioxonil, 100G/l)] which are extensively used against R. solani. They also showed the variation in sensitivity against fungicides in vitro. The development of Rhizoctonia solani completely prevented in different fungicide doses. The control possibilities of the combination of low doses of fungicides and antagonists were investigated with the second pot experiment. In trials, experiments were performed in artificially infested soil with healthy tubers and in uninfested soil with naturally infested tubers. Selected antagonists, Trichoderma asperellum TZ20, T. harzianum LO52, T. harzianum TZ14 and T. hamatum ÖT16 and ¼ dose of registered seed fungicides [Rizolex-T (Tolclofos methyl+Thiram % 20+30), Celest-max (Fludioxonil, 100g/l)] were applied in combination to detect compatible fungicide/antagonist combinations for integrated disease control. Results showed that the combinations did not increase the efficacy against stem cancer with respect to the individual treatments, however, effectiveness of fungicide/antagonist combinations on black scurf was higher with limited extent.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Ortak Disiplinler
Kaynak
ANADOLU Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
23
Sayı
1
