Harran kazıları İslami dönem seramikleri
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Harran, eskiçağlarda ve ortaçağda yaşamış toplumların pek çok uygarlık mirası
bıraktığı, tarihi ve kültürel geçmişe sahip ender kentlerden biridir. 1950’li yıllardan
günümüze dek aralıklarla süregelen kazı çalışmaları, Harran Höyük, Ulu Cami çevresi
ve İçkale’de yapılmıştır. Kazı çalışmaları sırasında çeşitli dönemlere ait mimari
kalıntıların yanı sıra önemli miktarda seramik ve diğer buluntular ele geçmiştir.
Harran kazılarında ele geçen İslami dönem seramikleri sırlı ve sırsız, farklı
teknikte ve formda üretilmiş, çeşitli işlevlere sahip örneklerden oluşmaktadır. İncelenen
örnekler arasında testiler, sürahiler, ibrikler, maşrapalar, bardaklar, tabaklar, derin
kaplar (kâse/çanak), leğenler, kapaklar, küpler, sakiya kapları, kalıplar ve damga/mühür
baskılar yer almaktadır. Günlük kullanımın dışında tuttuğumuz su tahliye etmeye
yarayan sakiya kaplarının Anadolu’daki örneklerine ilk defa Harran’da rastlanmış
olması oldukça önemli bir keşiftir. Bu kaplar sayesinde Harran’da işlevi bilinmeyen
farklı bir kap grubunun işlevi aydınlatılmıştır. Ayrıca sakiya kaplarının ele geçtiği
sakiya kuyularının kendine has bir mimariye sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Böylece
ilerleyen yıllarda sakiya mimarisi ve sakiya kaplarıyla ilgili aydınlatılması gereken yeni
araştırma alanları doğmuştur.
Harran seramiklerinin çok büyük bir kısmını 12. ve 13. yüzyıllara ait Selçuklu,
Zengi ve Eyyubi devri örnekleri oluşturmaktadır. Sırsız seramiklerin, Harran’da İslam
kültürü ve çerçevesi içinde yerel bir üretimle meydana getirilen, 12. ve 13. yüzyıla ait
Harran’a özgü eserler olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Frit hamurlu sırlı seramikler, 13. yüzyılın ilk
yarısına ve belirli bir üretim dönemine işaret etmektedir.
Harran’da seramik üretiminin olduğunu kanıtlayan malzemeler arasında;
kalıplar, damga/mühür baskılar ve hatalı seramikler yer almaktadır. Herhangi bir fırın
kalıntısına rastlanmamıştır. Ancak Harran Höyük’te ve Harran Ulu Cami’nin doğusunda
atölye mekanı olduğu anlaşılan mimari yapılara rastlanmıştır.
Ortaçağ İslami Dönem seramik sanatının birçok teknikte örneğini ve kendine
özgü çeşitli formda seramiklerini içinde barındıran eserler, Harran’ın özellikle 12. ve
13. yüzyıldaki sanatsal zenginliğini ve özgünlüğünü yansıtmaktadır. Bu çalışma sayesinde Harran’ın, hem farklı dönemlere ve merkezlere ait, hem de zengin yerel
üretimi yansıtan seramikleri içinde barındıran dikkat çekici bir merkez olduğu; ayrıca
Anadolu’nun Mezopotamya’ya açılan bir kapısı durumunda, Mezopotamyalı
çömlekçilerin ustalık ve teknik özelliklerini yansıtan ender kentlerden biri olduğu
anlaşılmıştır.
Harran is one of the rare cities with a historical and cultural background, where societies that lived in ancient and middle ages left many civilization heritage. The excavation works that have been going on at intervals from 1950s to today have been carried out in Harran Höyük, Ulu Mosque area and İçkale. During the excavations, a significant amount of ceramics and other finds were recovered, as well as architectural remains from various periods. Islamic period ceramics uncovered in Harran excavations consist of glazed and unglazed samples produced in different techniques and forms, with various functions. Examples examined include jugs, pitchers, mugs, glasses, plates, deep pots (bowls), basins, lids, cubes, saucers, molds and stamp/seal prints. It is a very important result that the samples of sakiya pots in Anatolia, which are used to evacuate water, which we exclude from daily use, were first encountered in Harran. Thanks to these pottery, the function of a different container group whose function is unknown in Harran has been illuminated. It was also understood that the Sakiya wells, where the Sakiya pots were captured, had a unique architecture. Thus, in the following years, new research areas related to sakiya architecture and sakiya pots have been created. The majority of Harran ceramics are examples of the Seljuk, Zengid and Ayyubid periods of the 12th and 13th centuries. Underglaze ceramics are understood to be Harran’s unique works belonging to the 12th and 13th centuries, created in a local production within the Islamic culture and framework in Harran. Glazed pottery with fritware marks the first half of the 13th century and a certain period of production. Among the materials proving that ceramic production is in Harran; molds, stamps/seal prints and faulty ceramics. No kiln remains were found. However, architectural structures that seem to be a workshop space were found in Harran Höyük and east of the Harran Ulu Mosque. The potteries, which contain many examples of Medieval Islamic Period ceramic art and its unique ceramics, reflect the artistic richness and originality of Harran especially in the 12th and 13th centuries. Thanks to this study, Harran is a remarkable center, which belongs to different periods and centers, and that contains ceramics that reflect rich local production. It was also understood that it was one of the rare cities reflecting the mastery and technical characteristics of the Mesopotamian potters in the case of a gate of Anatolia to Mesopotamia.
Harran is one of the rare cities with a historical and cultural background, where societies that lived in ancient and middle ages left many civilization heritage. The excavation works that have been going on at intervals from 1950s to today have been carried out in Harran Höyük, Ulu Mosque area and İçkale. During the excavations, a significant amount of ceramics and other finds were recovered, as well as architectural remains from various periods. Islamic period ceramics uncovered in Harran excavations consist of glazed and unglazed samples produced in different techniques and forms, with various functions. Examples examined include jugs, pitchers, mugs, glasses, plates, deep pots (bowls), basins, lids, cubes, saucers, molds and stamp/seal prints. It is a very important result that the samples of sakiya pots in Anatolia, which are used to evacuate water, which we exclude from daily use, were first encountered in Harran. Thanks to these pottery, the function of a different container group whose function is unknown in Harran has been illuminated. It was also understood that the Sakiya wells, where the Sakiya pots were captured, had a unique architecture. Thus, in the following years, new research areas related to sakiya architecture and sakiya pots have been created. The majority of Harran ceramics are examples of the Seljuk, Zengid and Ayyubid periods of the 12th and 13th centuries. Underglaze ceramics are understood to be Harran’s unique works belonging to the 12th and 13th centuries, created in a local production within the Islamic culture and framework in Harran. Glazed pottery with fritware marks the first half of the 13th century and a certain period of production. Among the materials proving that ceramic production is in Harran; molds, stamps/seal prints and faulty ceramics. No kiln remains were found. However, architectural structures that seem to be a workshop space were found in Harran Höyük and east of the Harran Ulu Mosque. The potteries, which contain many examples of Medieval Islamic Period ceramic art and its unique ceramics, reflect the artistic richness and originality of Harran especially in the 12th and 13th centuries. Thanks to this study, Harran is a remarkable center, which belongs to different periods and centers, and that contains ceramics that reflect rich local production. It was also understood that it was one of the rare cities reflecting the mastery and technical characteristics of the Mesopotamian potters in the case of a gate of Anatolia to Mesopotamia.
