Farklı materyal ve tekniklerle üretilen implant abutment materyallerinin afm ve sem ile yüzey pürüzlülüklerinin karşılaştırılması ve mikrobiyolojik tutulumlarının incelenmesi
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: Bu çalışmada farklı materyal ve metodlarla üretilen abutmentların Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu (AFM) ve Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) analizleri sonucunda yüzey pürüzlülüklerinde ve mikrobiyolojik analizlerinde Streptococcus Mutans ve Candida Albicans tutulumları arasında fark olup olmadığının araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada kullanılan materyal/teknik kombinasyonları olarak; Döküm yöntemiyle üretilmiş Metal Alaşımı (Cr-Co), CAD-CAM Milling yöntemiyle üretilmiş Metal Alaşımı (Cr-Co), CAD-CAM Milling yöntemiyle üretilmiş Titanyum (Grade 5), CAD-CAM Milling yöntemiyle üretilmiş Zirkonya, CAD-CAM Milling yöntemiyle üretilmiş ve anodizasyon metoduyla renklendirilmiş Titanyum, Lazer-Sinterizasyon yöntemiyle üretilmiş Metal Alaşımı (Cr-Co) ve kontrol grubu olarak fabrikadan temin edilen stock abutmentlar (Grade 5) kullanılmıştır. Yapılan güç analizine göre her bir grup başına 7 adet olmak üzere toplam 49 adet örnek 5 mm x 2 mm boyutlarında disk şeklinde hazırlanmıştır. Her bir gruba üretim sonrası standardize bir şekilde literatürde tarif edilen metodlarla tesviye ve cila işlemleri uygulanmıştır. Hazırlanan her bir örnek öncelikle AFM ve sonrasında da SEM kullanılarak incelenmiş ve elde edilen yüzey özelliklerine ait değerler kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen bu bulgular istatistiksel olarak Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Non-parametrik testler ile değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından tüm gruplara grup başına 3 adet örnek olmak üzere S. Mutans ve C. Albicans kullanılarak 8 saat ve 24 saat olmak üzere ekim yapılarak geçen süre sonundaki toplam mikroorganizma miktarı sayılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler kaydedilmiş ve bulgular istatistiksel olarak ANOVA ve Tukey HSD testleri ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametreleri incelendiği zaman gruplar arasında Ra, Rq ve Rmax değerleri için istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Ra değeri en düşük Cr-Co Lazer sinter 0,004 ?m (±0,001) en yüksek ise Zirkonya Milling grubunda 0,112 ?m (±0,055) bulunmuştur. Rq değeri en düşük Cr-Co Lazer sinter 0,007 ?m (±0,001) en yüksek ise Zirkonya Milling grubunda 0,1428 ?m (±0,067) bulunmuştur. Rmax değeri en düşük Cr-Co Lazer sinter 0,133 ?m (±0,039) en yüksek ise Zirkonya Milling grubunda 1,035 ?m (±0,438) bulunmuştur. Mikrobiyolojik ekim ve sayım işlemleri sonrası S. Mutans 24 saat içerisinde en çok Zirkonya Milling (5,87 ±0,08) en az Milling Cr-Co (4,04 ±0,11) ve 8 saat içerisinde en çok Zirkonya Milling (5,24 ±0,24) en az ise Döküm Cr-Co grubunda (4,52 ±0,14) birikmiştir. Mikrobiyolojik ekim ve sayım işlemleri sonrası C. Albicans 24 saat içerisinde en çok Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock (6,41±0,03) en az Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodizasyon grubunda (6,13±0,03) ve 8 saat içerisinde en çok Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock (6,43±0,04) en az ise Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodizasyon (5,15±0,03) grubunda birikmiştir. Sonuç: Zirkonya Milling ile üretilmiş diskler her üç yüzey pürüzlülüğü parametresi için diğer gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında en yüksek yüzey pürüzlülüğü değeri göstermiştir. Mikrobiyolojik olarak tutulum incelendiğinde hem 8 saatte hem de 24 saatte S. Mutans ve C. Albicans için örnek grupları arasında anlamlı fark vardır. Yüzey pürüzlülüğünün ve mikrobiyal tutulumun her grupta istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farka sahip olması vakalara göre materyal seçiminde hekimler için yönlendirici olabilir.
Surface Roughness Comparison of Implant Abutments Produced with Different Materials and Techniques by AFM and SEM and Investigation of Microbiological Retention Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the surface roughness among abutments produced with different materials and methods by AFM and SEM analyses and microbiological analysis and comparison of Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans adhesion to abutments produced with different materials and methods. Materials and Methods: The material/technique combinations used in the study were Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by casting method, Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Titanium (Grade 5) produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Zirconia produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Titanium produced by CAD-CAM Milling method and colored with anodization method, Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by Laser Sintering method, and stock abutments (Titanium Grade 5) obtained from the factory as a control group. According to the power analysis, a total of 49 samples, with 7 samples per group, were prepared in disk shape with dimensions of 5 mm x 2 mm. After standardization with the methods described in the literature, polishing procedures were applied to each group after production. Each prepared sample was examined using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and then a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the values related to the surface characteristics were recorded. These findings were statistically evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and non-parametric tests. Then, for all groups, 3 samples per group were used to inoculate Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans, and the total number of microorganisms after 8 hours and 24 hours were counted. The obtained data were recorded, and the findings were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: When surface roughness parameters were examined, statistically significant differences were found between groups for Ra, Rq, and Rmax values (p<0.05). The lowest Ra value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.004 ?m (±0.001), and the highest Ra value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 0.112 ?m (±0.055). The lowest Rq value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.007 ?m (±0.001), and the highest Rq value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 0.1428 ?m (±0.067). The lowest Rmax value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.133 ?m (±0.039), and the highest Rmax value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 1.035 ?m (±0.438). After microbiological inoculation and counting procedures, S. Mutans accumulated most in the Zirconia Milling group (5.87±0.08) within 24 hours, and least in the Milling Cr-Co group (4.04±0.11), and most in the Zirconia Milling group (5.24±0.24) within 8 hours, and least in the Casting Cr-Co group (4.52±0.14). After microbiological inoculation and counting procedures, C. Albicans accumulated most in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock group (6.41±0.03) within 24 hours, and least in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodization group (6.13±0.03), and most in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock group (6.43±0.04) within 8 hours, and least in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodization group (5.15±0.03). Conclusion: Disks produced with Zirconia Milling were observed to have the highest surface roughness value compared to other groups for all three surface roughness parameters. When microbial adhesion was examined, there was a significant difference between sample groups for both S. Mutans and C. Albicans at both 8 and 24 hours. The statistical significance of both surface roughness and microbial adhesion in each group can give information for clinicians in material selection according to the cases.
Surface Roughness Comparison of Implant Abutments Produced with Different Materials and Techniques by AFM and SEM and Investigation of Microbiological Retention Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the surface roughness among abutments produced with different materials and methods by AFM and SEM analyses and microbiological analysis and comparison of Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans adhesion to abutments produced with different materials and methods. Materials and Methods: The material/technique combinations used in the study were Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by casting method, Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Titanium (Grade 5) produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Zirconia produced by CAD-CAM Milling method, Titanium produced by CAD-CAM Milling method and colored with anodization method, Cr-Co Metal Alloy produced by Laser Sintering method, and stock abutments (Titanium Grade 5) obtained from the factory as a control group. According to the power analysis, a total of 49 samples, with 7 samples per group, were prepared in disk shape with dimensions of 5 mm x 2 mm. After standardization with the methods described in the literature, polishing procedures were applied to each group after production. Each prepared sample was examined using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and then a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the values related to the surface characteristics were recorded. These findings were statistically evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis and non-parametric tests. Then, for all groups, 3 samples per group were used to inoculate Streptococcus Mutans and Candida Albicans, and the total number of microorganisms after 8 hours and 24 hours were counted. The obtained data were recorded, and the findings were statistically evaluated using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Results: When surface roughness parameters were examined, statistically significant differences were found between groups for Ra, Rq, and Rmax values (p<0.05). The lowest Ra value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.004 ?m (±0.001), and the highest Ra value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 0.112 ?m (±0.055). The lowest Rq value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.007 ?m (±0.001), and the highest Rq value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 0.1428 ?m (±0.067). The lowest Rmax value was found in the Cr-Co Laser sinter group with 0.133 ?m (±0.039), and the highest Rmax value was found in the Zirconia Milling group with 1.035 ?m (±0.438). After microbiological inoculation and counting procedures, S. Mutans accumulated most in the Zirconia Milling group (5.87±0.08) within 24 hours, and least in the Milling Cr-Co group (4.04±0.11), and most in the Zirconia Milling group (5.24±0.24) within 8 hours, and least in the Casting Cr-Co group (4.52±0.14). After microbiological inoculation and counting procedures, C. Albicans accumulated most in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock group (6.41±0.03) within 24 hours, and least in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodization group (6.13±0.03), and most in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Stock group (6.43±0.04) within 8 hours, and least in the Milling Ti Grade 5 Anodization group (5.15±0.03). Conclusion: Disks produced with Zirconia Milling were observed to have the highest surface roughness value compared to other groups for all three surface roughness parameters. When microbial adhesion was examined, there was a significant difference between sample groups for both S. Mutans and C. Albicans at both 8 and 24 hours. The statistical significance of both surface roughness and microbial adhesion in each group can give information for clinicians in material selection according to the cases.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Diş Hekimliği, Dentistry
