Moringa (moringa oleifera) bitkisinin farklı formlarının besin maddesi kompozisyonunun ve potansiyel yem değerinin belirlenmesi
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu tezin amacı alternatif protein kaynağı olarak önerilen moringa bitkisinin
(Moringa oleifera) taze ve kuru otu (yaprak, sap, yaprak+sap) ile tohumunun
besin maddesi kompozisyonunun ve potansiyel yem değerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu
amaçla, moringa ilk çiçeklenme döneminden itibaren birer ay aralıkla 3 defa
biçilmiştir.
Araştırma sonuçlarına göre moringa yaprağında ortalama olarak (%) taze
halde kuru madde (TH_KM) 17.98 ile 30.92, KM’de organik madde (OM) 89.38
ile 89.70, kam kül (HK) 10.30 ile 10.62, ham protein (HP) 22.96 ile 39.30, ham
yağ (HY) 4.86 ile 5.79, ham selüloz (HS) 5.68 ile 8.83, nitrojensiz öz maddeler
(NÖM) 38.93 ile 51.96, nişasta 1.18 ile 2.16, şeker 12.34 ile 19.55 arasında, nötr
deterjan lifi (NDF) 12.25 ile 16.46, asit deterjan lifi (ADF) 10.00 ile 11.80, asit
deterjan lignin (ADL) 2.56 ile 5.03, hemiselüloz 0.45 ile 6.45 ve selüloz 6.76 ile
7.88 arasında değişmiştir. Bitkinin bu kısmı nispi yem değeri (NYD) dikkate
alındığında en iyi kalite (458<NYD<606) sınıfında yer almaktadır. Ruminant
hayvanlar için metabolik enerji (MER) 2859.53 ile 3077.42 kcal/kg KM, kanatlı
hayvanlar için metabolik enerji (MEK) ise 1880.98 ile 2344.65 kcal/kg KM
arasında değişmiştir. KM’de OM ve HK hariç incelenen parametrelerde biçimler
arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır (P<0.05).
Moringa sapında ortalama olarak (%) TH_KM 18.26 ile 26.14, KM’de OM
89.70 ile 90.50, HK 9.50 ile 10.30, HP 9.76 ile 13.28, HY 1.79 ile 2.11, HS 32.71
ile 35.98, NÖM 38.82 ile 43.49, nişasta 1.78, şeker 7.45 ile 12.43 arasında, NDF
47.71 ile 53.10, ADF 39.62 ile 43.97, ADL 7.06 ile 8.16, hemiselüloz 8.10 ile 10.68 ve selüloz 32.56 ile 35.81 arasında değişmiştir. Bitkinin bu kısmı 2. ve 3.
kalite NYD (96<NYD<113) sınıflarında olup MER 1626.14 ile 1729.90 kcal/kg
KM, MEK ise 740.92 ile 996.65 kcal/kg KM arasında değişmiştir. Saptaki
incelenen tüm parametrelerde biçimler arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli
farklılıklar saptanmıştır (P<0.05).
Moringa bitkisinin bütününde (yaprak + sap) ortalama olarak (%) TH_KM
22.98 ile 24.30, KM’de OM 89.67 ile 90.24, HK 9.76 ile 10.33, HP 17.28 ile
32.39, HY 3.40 ile 4.82, HS 14.16 ile 23.46, NÖM 38.58 ile 47.19, nişasta 1.77 ile
1.78, şeker 11.22 ile 19.32, NDF 22.23 ile 34.74, ADF 18.29 ile 27.36, ADL 3.54
ile 4.87, hemiselüloz 3.95 ile 7.38 ve selüloz 14.25 ile 22.49 arasında değişmiştir.
Bu yem grubu en iyi kalite NYD (180<NYD<312) sınıfında olup MER 2192.86 ile
2678.12 Kcal/kg KM, MEK ise 1424.47 ile 1959.85 kcal/kg KM arasında
değişmiştir. İncelenen parametrelerde biçimler arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli
farklılıklar saptanmıştır (P<0.05).
Moringa tohumunda ham besin madde içeriği ise ortalama olarak (%) KM
92.91 ve KM’de OM 96.16, HK 3.84, HP 36.26, HY 31.83, HS 20.93, NÖM 7.15,
NDF 37.67, ADF 34.83, ADL 25.30, hemiselüloz 2.84 ve selüloz 9.53
bulunmuştur. Bitkinin bu kısmı NYD bakımından en iyi kalite ve 1. kalite
(147<NYD<156) sınıfları arasında olup MER 3574.26 Kcal/kg KM, MEK ise
4101.34 kcal/kg KM olarak saptanmıştır.
Sonuç olarak, moringanın besin maddeleri içeriği ve yem değeri dikkate
alındığında alternatif bir kaba yem kaynağı olarak önerilebileceği kanısına
varılmıştır.
The aim of this thesis is to determine the nutrient composition and potential feed value of fresh and dry grass [leaf, stalk, whole plant (leaf + stalk)] and seed of moringa (Moringa oleifera) proposed as an alternative protein source. For this purpose, moringa harvested in the first flowering period, 3 times with one-month interval. Results show that in the moringa leaf, dry matter in fresh material (DM_FM) (%) ranged between 17.98-30.92; in the DM, organic matter (OM) ranged between 89.38-89.70, 10.62-10.30 for ash, 22.96-39.30 for crude protein (CP), 4.86 to 5.79 for ether extract (EE), 5.68-8.83 for crude fiber (CF), 38.93- 51.96 for nitrogen free extract (NFE), 1.18-2.16 for starch, 12.34-19.55 for sugar, 12.25-16.46 for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 10.00-11.80 for acid detergent fiber (ADF), 2.56-5.03 for acid detergent lignin (ADL), 0.45-6.45 for hemicellulose and 6.76-7.88 for cellulose. As feed value this part is in the prime class (458<RFV<606) and contained 2859.53-3077.42 kcal/kg DM as metabolic energy for ruminant (MER) and 1880.98-2344.65 kcal/kg DM as metabolic energy for poultry (MEP). Except for OM and ash, in all these parameters there were significant differences among harvests (P<0.05). On average in the stalk DM_FM (%) ranged between 18.26-26.14; in the DM, OM ranged between 89.70-90.50, 9.50-10.30 for ash, 9.76-13.28 for CP, 1.79-2.11 for EE, 32.71-35.98 for CF, 38.82-43.49 for NFE, 1.78 for starch, 7.45- 12.43 for sugar, 47.71-53.10 for NDF, 39.62-43.97 for ADF, 7.06-8.16 for ADL, 8.10-10.68 for hemicellulose and 32.56-35.81 for cellulose. This part of the plant is in the 2nd and 3rd quality classes (96<RFV<113) and contained 1626.14-1729.90 kcal/kg DM as MER and 740.92-996.65 kcal/kg DM as MEP. There were significant differences among harvests in all these parameters (P<0.05). On the whole (leaf + stalk) moringa plant on average DM_FM (%) ranged between 22.98-24.30; in the DM, OM ranged from 89.67-90.24, 9.76-10.33 for ash, 17.28-32.39 for CP, 3.40-4.82 for EE, 14.16-23.46 for CF, 38.58-47.19 for NFE, 1.77-1.78 for starch, 11.22-19.32 for sugar, 22.23-34.74 for NDF, 18.29- 27.36 for ADF, 3.54-4.87 for ADL, 3.95-7.38 for hemicellulose and 14.25-22.49 for cellulose. This feed group is in the prime class (180<RFV<312) and contained 2192.86-2678.12 kcal/kg DM as MER and 1424.47-1959.85 kcal/kg DM as MEP. Significant differences were detected between the harvests in these parameters (P<0.05). On average moringa seed contained (%) 96.62 for DM; in DM 96.16 OM, 3.84 for CF, 36.26 for CP, 31.83 for EE, 20.93 for CF, 7.15 for NFE, 1.12 for starch, 4.43 for sugar, 37.67 for NDF, 34.83 for ADF, 25.30 for ADL, 2.84 for hemicellulose, 9.53 for cellulose. This part of the plant is between prime and 1st quality classes (147<RFV<156) and contained 3574.26 kcal/kg DM as MER and 4101.34 kcal/kg DM as MEP. As a result, it is concluded that moringa can be recommended as an alternative source of forages considering nutrient content and feed value.
The aim of this thesis is to determine the nutrient composition and potential feed value of fresh and dry grass [leaf, stalk, whole plant (leaf + stalk)] and seed of moringa (Moringa oleifera) proposed as an alternative protein source. For this purpose, moringa harvested in the first flowering period, 3 times with one-month interval. Results show that in the moringa leaf, dry matter in fresh material (DM_FM) (%) ranged between 17.98-30.92; in the DM, organic matter (OM) ranged between 89.38-89.70, 10.62-10.30 for ash, 22.96-39.30 for crude protein (CP), 4.86 to 5.79 for ether extract (EE), 5.68-8.83 for crude fiber (CF), 38.93- 51.96 for nitrogen free extract (NFE), 1.18-2.16 for starch, 12.34-19.55 for sugar, 12.25-16.46 for neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 10.00-11.80 for acid detergent fiber (ADF), 2.56-5.03 for acid detergent lignin (ADL), 0.45-6.45 for hemicellulose and 6.76-7.88 for cellulose. As feed value this part is in the prime class (458<RFV<606) and contained 2859.53-3077.42 kcal/kg DM as metabolic energy for ruminant (MER) and 1880.98-2344.65 kcal/kg DM as metabolic energy for poultry (MEP). Except for OM and ash, in all these parameters there were significant differences among harvests (P<0.05). On average in the stalk DM_FM (%) ranged between 18.26-26.14; in the DM, OM ranged between 89.70-90.50, 9.50-10.30 for ash, 9.76-13.28 for CP, 1.79-2.11 for EE, 32.71-35.98 for CF, 38.82-43.49 for NFE, 1.78 for starch, 7.45- 12.43 for sugar, 47.71-53.10 for NDF, 39.62-43.97 for ADF, 7.06-8.16 for ADL, 8.10-10.68 for hemicellulose and 32.56-35.81 for cellulose. This part of the plant is in the 2nd and 3rd quality classes (96<RFV<113) and contained 1626.14-1729.90 kcal/kg DM as MER and 740.92-996.65 kcal/kg DM as MEP. There were significant differences among harvests in all these parameters (P<0.05). On the whole (leaf + stalk) moringa plant on average DM_FM (%) ranged between 22.98-24.30; in the DM, OM ranged from 89.67-90.24, 9.76-10.33 for ash, 17.28-32.39 for CP, 3.40-4.82 for EE, 14.16-23.46 for CF, 38.58-47.19 for NFE, 1.77-1.78 for starch, 11.22-19.32 for sugar, 22.23-34.74 for NDF, 18.29- 27.36 for ADF, 3.54-4.87 for ADL, 3.95-7.38 for hemicellulose and 14.25-22.49 for cellulose. This feed group is in the prime class (180<RFV<312) and contained 2192.86-2678.12 kcal/kg DM as MER and 1424.47-1959.85 kcal/kg DM as MEP. Significant differences were detected between the harvests in these parameters (P<0.05). On average moringa seed contained (%) 96.62 for DM; in DM 96.16 OM, 3.84 for CF, 36.26 for CP, 31.83 for EE, 20.93 for CF, 7.15 for NFE, 1.12 for starch, 4.43 for sugar, 37.67 for NDF, 34.83 for ADF, 25.30 for ADL, 2.84 for hemicellulose, 9.53 for cellulose. This part of the plant is between prime and 1st quality classes (147<RFV<156) and contained 3574.26 kcal/kg DM as MER and 4101.34 kcal/kg DM as MEP. As a result, it is concluded that moringa can be recommended as an alternative source of forages considering nutrient content and feed value.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Moringa Oleifera, Besin Maddesi Kompozisyonu, Yem Değeri, Çiftlik Hayvanları, Moringa Oleifera, Nutrient Composition, Feed Value, Livestock
