Minekop (Umbrina cirrosa, L.) larvalarının ontogenik gelişimi: Histolojisi, enzimolojisi ve kıkırdak-kemik yapısı
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmada, potansiyel tür kapsamında ele alınan minekop (Umbrina cirrosa) balığının larval dönem sürecince (0-40. gün) histolojisi, sindirim enzimleri ile kemik-kıkırdak yapı gelişimleri intensif yetiştiricilik koşulları altında incelenmiştir. Balıklara ait yumurtaların ortalama çapı 818±17 µm, yağ damlası çapları ise 226±12 µm olarak ölçülmüştür (p<0.05). Yumurtadan yeni çıkmış larvaların ortalama boyu 2.53±0.014 mm olarak saptanmıştır. Denemenin sona erdiği 40. günde total boyun ortalama 24.70±0.81 mm, ortalama ağırlığın ise 144.22±3.26 mg olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yaşama oranı 40. günde % 69.4±1.85 olarak saptanmıştır. Minekop larvalarını 3. günde tamamının ağız ve anüsü açılmıştır. Larvalarda 5. günle birlikte sindirim tüpü belirginleşerek ön ve arka kısma ayrılmıştır. 7. günün sonunda basit mide oluşumu gözlenmiştir. Minekop larvalarında 13-18 günler arasında mideyi bağırsaktan ayıran pilorik sfinkter oluşumu görülmüştür. Larvalar 20 günlük olduğu dönemde fonksiyonel mide oluşumu net olarak izlenmiştir. Larvalarda incelenen enzim aktivitesinde, tripsin enzimi ilk olarak ağız açılımının ardından ilk beslemenin yapıldığı 3. günde 28.47±3.52 mU/mg protein-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Aktivite 15 günde pik noktasına ulaşmış (146.38±10.42 mU/mg protein-1) ve bundan sonra düşüş eğilimi göstermiştir. 40. günde tripsin enzim aktivitesi 45.63±9.23 mU/mg protein-1 olarak saptanmıştır. Karbonhidrat türevlerinin sindiriminde görev alan amilaz enzimi, larvanın yumurtadan çıktığı ilk gün 0.89±0.12 mU/mg protein-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek seviyeye 12. günde ulaşan aktivite (5.98±0.46 mU/mg protein-1 ) çalışmanın sona erdiği 40. günde ise 2.59±0.21 mU/mg protein-1 olarak ölçülmüştür. Larval dönemde trigliseridlerin ve yağ türevlerinin sindiriminde rol almakta olan lipaz ilk olarak ağız açılımından sonra 3. günde 2.8±0.32mU/mg protein-1 olarak tespit edilmiş, bunun ardından 5. günde yapılan ölçümlerde spesifik aktivite değeri 46.89±4.1 mU/mg protein-1 olarak saptanmıştır. 15. güne kadar yükselen aktivite (198.23±12.2 mU/mg protein-1 ) 40. güne kadar hafif düşüş göstererek seyretmiş ve bugünde 134.87±15.2 mU/mg protein-1 olarak ölçülmüştür. Larvalarda midenin oluşmasından sonra sentezlenmeye başlayan pepsin, ilk defa 15. günde 0.88±0.21 mU/mg protein-1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 40. günde yapılan ölçümlerde ise spesifik aktivite 5.93±0.75 mU/mg protein-1 olarak bulunmuştur. Diğer yandan, larvalarda kuyruk yüzgecinin gelişimi morfolojik olarak notokord fleksiyonu ile ilişkili olarak ortalama 4.22±0.16 mm total boyda şekillenmiştir. Omurga üzerinde ilk nöral ve hemal ışınlar 3.5±0.12 ve 3.9±0.20 mm boyda görülmüştür. Dorsal yüzgeç ortalama 5.1±0.32 mm boyda pektoral yüzgeç ışınları ise 5.8 mm uzunlukta gelişmeye başlamıştır. Yüzgeç ışınlarının tamamının görülmesi yüzgecin türüne göre değişiklik göstermiştir. Kaudal yüzgeç ışını ortalama 7.0±0.21 mm, dorsal ve anal yüzgeç ışınları 7.1±0.41 mm, pelvik yüzgeç ışını 7.5±0.34 mm ve son olarak pektoral yüzgeç ışını 10±0.54mm uzunlukta tam olarak sayılmaya başlamıştır. 40. güne gelmiş minekop larvalarındaki tüm yüzgeç ve omurga şeklinin artık ergin bireye benzer hale gelmesi gösterilmiştir. Sonuç olarak elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde minekop türünün intensif yetiştiricilik koşullarında yetiştiriciliği yapılabilecek önemli bir akuakültür potansiyeline sahip olduğu ve birçok deniz balığı türü gibi intensif yetiştiriciliğinin yapılabileceği tespit edilmiştir.
In this study, histology, digestive enzymes and bone-cartilage structure development of shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) fish during larval period (0-45 days) were examined under intense cultivation conditions. The mean diameter of the eggs was 818±17 µm and the diameter of the oil drop was 226±12 µm (p <0.05). The average length of newly hatched larvae was 2.53±0.014 mm. On the 40th day at the end of the trial, total neck length was found to be 24.70±0.81 mm, and the mean weight was 144.22±3.26 mg. The survival rate was 69.4±1.85 % at 40 days. The mouth and anus of all larvae were opened on the 3rd day. In the larvae, the digestive tube became prominent by day 5 and it was divided into anterior and posterior parts. At the end of day 7, simple gastric formation was observed. In the larvae, pyloric sphincter formation that separates the stomach from the intestine was observed between 13-18 days. Functional gastric formation was clearly observed at the age of 20 days. In the enzyme activity in the larvae, trypsin enzyme was first identified as 28.47±3.52 mU/mg protein-1 on the 3rd day of first feeding after mouth opening. The activity peaked at 15 days (146.38±10.42 mU/mg protein-1) and then tended to decline. On day 40, trypsin enzyme activity was 45.63±9.23 mU/mg protein-1. The amylase enzyme involved in the digestion of carbohydrate derivatives was found to be 0.89±0.12 mU/mg protein-1 on the first day when the larvae hatched. The activity reaching the highest level on day 12 (5.98±0.46 mU/mg protein-1) was measured as 2.59±0.21 mU/mg protein-1 on the 40th day of the study. The lipase, which is involved in the digestion of triglycerides and fat derivatives in the larval stage, was first detected as 2.8±0.32mU/mg protein-1 on the 3rd day after mouth opening, after which the specific activity value was 46.89±4.1 mU/mg protein-1. Increasing activity until the 15th day (198.23±12.2 mU/mg protein-1) showed a slight decrease until the 40th day and is now measured as 134.87±15.2 mU/mg protein-1. Pepsin, which started to be synthesized after the formation of the stomach in the larvae, was first detected as 0.88±0.21 mU/mg protein-1 on the 15th day. On the 40th day, the specific activity was 5.93±0.75 mU/mg protein-1. On the other hand, the development of the caudal fin in the larvae was morphologically associated with a total length of 4.22±0.16 mm in relation to notochord flexion. The first neural and hemal rays on the spine were 3.5±0.12 and 3.9±0.20 mm in length. The pectoral fin rays with a mean length of 5.1±0.32 mm began to develop with a length of 5.8 mm. The appearance of all the fin rays varied according to the fin type. The caudal fin beam was counted as 7.0±0.21 mm, dorsal and anal fin rays 7.1±0.41 mm, pelvic fin beam 7.5±0.34 mm and finally pectoral fin beam 10±0.54 mm in length. It has been shown that all the fin and spine shape in the larvae on the 40th day are now similar to the tense individual. As a result, it was found that the shi drum species had an important aquaculture potential that could be cultivated under intensive aquaculture conditions and that many marine fish species could be intensively cultivated.
In this study, histology, digestive enzymes and bone-cartilage structure development of shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) fish during larval period (0-45 days) were examined under intense cultivation conditions. The mean diameter of the eggs was 818±17 µm and the diameter of the oil drop was 226±12 µm (p <0.05). The average length of newly hatched larvae was 2.53±0.014 mm. On the 40th day at the end of the trial, total neck length was found to be 24.70±0.81 mm, and the mean weight was 144.22±3.26 mg. The survival rate was 69.4±1.85 % at 40 days. The mouth and anus of all larvae were opened on the 3rd day. In the larvae, the digestive tube became prominent by day 5 and it was divided into anterior and posterior parts. At the end of day 7, simple gastric formation was observed. In the larvae, pyloric sphincter formation that separates the stomach from the intestine was observed between 13-18 days. Functional gastric formation was clearly observed at the age of 20 days. In the enzyme activity in the larvae, trypsin enzyme was first identified as 28.47±3.52 mU/mg protein-1 on the 3rd day of first feeding after mouth opening. The activity peaked at 15 days (146.38±10.42 mU/mg protein-1) and then tended to decline. On day 40, trypsin enzyme activity was 45.63±9.23 mU/mg protein-1. The amylase enzyme involved in the digestion of carbohydrate derivatives was found to be 0.89±0.12 mU/mg protein-1 on the first day when the larvae hatched. The activity reaching the highest level on day 12 (5.98±0.46 mU/mg protein-1) was measured as 2.59±0.21 mU/mg protein-1 on the 40th day of the study. The lipase, which is involved in the digestion of triglycerides and fat derivatives in the larval stage, was first detected as 2.8±0.32mU/mg protein-1 on the 3rd day after mouth opening, after which the specific activity value was 46.89±4.1 mU/mg protein-1. Increasing activity until the 15th day (198.23±12.2 mU/mg protein-1) showed a slight decrease until the 40th day and is now measured as 134.87±15.2 mU/mg protein-1. Pepsin, which started to be synthesized after the formation of the stomach in the larvae, was first detected as 0.88±0.21 mU/mg protein-1 on the 15th day. On the 40th day, the specific activity was 5.93±0.75 mU/mg protein-1. On the other hand, the development of the caudal fin in the larvae was morphologically associated with a total length of 4.22±0.16 mm in relation to notochord flexion. The first neural and hemal rays on the spine were 3.5±0.12 and 3.9±0.20 mm in length. The pectoral fin rays with a mean length of 5.1±0.32 mm began to develop with a length of 5.8 mm. The appearance of all the fin rays varied according to the fin type. The caudal fin beam was counted as 7.0±0.21 mm, dorsal and anal fin rays 7.1±0.41 mm, pelvic fin beam 7.5±0.34 mm and finally pectoral fin beam 10±0.54 mm in length. It has been shown that all the fin and spine shape in the larvae on the 40th day are now similar to the tense individual. As a result, it was found that the shi drum species had an important aquaculture potential that could be cultivated under intensive aquaculture conditions and that many marine fish species could be intensively cultivated.
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