Ortaçağ Hıristiyan Sanatında emzirme ve sütün ikonografisi
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Tarih
2022
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Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Anadolu’da Neolitik dönemden itibaren gördüğümüz Avrupa sanatında lactan terimi, Bizans sanatında galaktotrophousa terimi ve Helenistik sanatta kourotrophos olarak adlandırılan, emziren kadın figürünün sanatta hikayesi hiç kesintisiz günümüze dek gelmiştir. Ortaçağın Erken ve Geç Ortaçağ evrelerinde değişimlere uğrayan ikonografi bize günlük hayatta hemen her gün rastladığımız bir karakter olmasına rağmen, emziren anne figürüne doğaüstü ya da ilahi güçler atfedilmiş olduğunu göstermiştir; bu sebeple bu konuyu sadece salt emzirme eylemi dahilinde değil süt kavramı ile birlikte ele almamızın gerekliliğini doğurmuştur. Yavrusunu emziren anne figürünün tarih öncesi çağlardan başlayan hikayesi, bir bereket ve kült unsuru sayılan sütünün İlkçağlardan itibaren hemen her dönemde tapım görmesi, ilk tek tanrılı dinler ile başlayan dönemden önce şekillenen sütün ikonografisi Ortaçağların sonuna dek ve sonra da günümüze dek değişikliklere uğrayarak devam etmiştir. Ayrıca, ilk temsillerinden Ortaçağın sonuna dek farklı coğrafyalardan örneklerle ele aldığımız figürün tipolojisinin gösterilmesi başlıca amacımızdır. Emziren Anne figürünün tipolojisi oluşturulurken süt unsurunun dinler ile ilişkisi araştırılmış ve tarihi süreç içerisinde Ortaçağ Hıristiyan sanatı ve ikonografisindeki yeri, dini literatür patrologia ile desteklenip desteklenmediğine bakılması suretiyle
araştırılmıştır. İlkçağlardan günümüze ulaşabilen pseudo-bilim olarak adlandırılan kayıtlar, ritüeller ve mitoslar, Eski ve Yeni Ahit, Erken Kilise Babaları döneminden Ortaçağın sonuna dek hagiografya, taranmış profan ve apokrif metinlerin süt kavramı açısından oldukça zengin olması hem şaşırtıcı olmuş, hem de sütün Hıristiyan sanatını içinde belirgin bir ikonografiye sahip olduğu gerçeğini gözler önüne sermiştir.
Since the Neolithic period in Anatolia, the breast-feeding mother figure,namelly lactan in European art, as galactotrophousa in Byzantine art and kourotrophos in Hellenistic art, has continued its existence in art without interruption.However, seeing that supernatural or divine powers were attributed to the mother figure from the Prehistoric period to the Medieval ages although it is a character we encounter almost every day in daily life, it is necessary to consider this issue not only within the act of breastfeeding,but also with the concept of milk;in the view of the context of the iconography of milk,seen changed later in the Early and Late Middle Ages.The story of the nursing mother with her baby and her breast-milk as a fertility and a cult element,worshiped in almost every period;the iconography of milk started before the first monotheistic religions and continued with changes until the end of the Middle Ages, even then today.In addition, our main aim is to show the typology of the figure,which we have discussed with examples from different geographies,from its first representations to the end of the Middle Ages. While generating the typology of the Nursing Mother figure as part of the relationship of the milk element with religions,its place in the medieval Christian art and iconography in the historical process,was investigated by looking at whether it was supported by religious literature and patrologia.The datas of pseudo-science that have survived from antiquity to the present day, rituals and myths,Old and New Testaments,hagiography from the Early Church Fathers era prophan and apocryphal texts to the end of the Middle Ages are both surprising and reveal the fact that milk has a distinctive iconography in Christian art.
Since the Neolithic period in Anatolia, the breast-feeding mother figure,namelly lactan in European art, as galactotrophousa in Byzantine art and kourotrophos in Hellenistic art, has continued its existence in art without interruption.However, seeing that supernatural or divine powers were attributed to the mother figure from the Prehistoric period to the Medieval ages although it is a character we encounter almost every day in daily life, it is necessary to consider this issue not only within the act of breastfeeding,but also with the concept of milk;in the view of the context of the iconography of milk,seen changed later in the Early and Late Middle Ages.The story of the nursing mother with her baby and her breast-milk as a fertility and a cult element,worshiped in almost every period;the iconography of milk started before the first monotheistic religions and continued with changes until the end of the Middle Ages, even then today.In addition, our main aim is to show the typology of the figure,which we have discussed with examples from different geographies,from its first representations to the end of the Middle Ages. While generating the typology of the Nursing Mother figure as part of the relationship of the milk element with religions,its place in the medieval Christian art and iconography in the historical process,was investigated by looking at whether it was supported by religious literature and patrologia.The datas of pseudo-science that have survived from antiquity to the present day, rituals and myths,Old and New Testaments,hagiography from the Early Church Fathers era prophan and apocryphal texts to the end of the Middle Ages are both surprising and reveal the fact that milk has a distinctive iconography in Christian art.
