Oryantalizm bağlamında Kafkasya'da Rus sömürgeciliği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2017
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Rusya, bir birlerinden kültürel, sosyal ve politik anlamda tamamen farklı iki kıtaya yayılmış büyük bir imparatorluktur. Kiev prenslikleri döneminde Batı ile olan ilişkileri göreceli olarak daha güçlü iken sonrasında yaşadığı Moğol-Tatar istilası ile yaklaşık 300 yıl kadar Batı'dan izole bir şekilde varlığını sürdüren Rusya'nın yönünü tekrar Batı'ya çevirmesi gerçek anlamda Büyük Petro (1682-1725) döneminde gerçekleşmiştir. Sıkı reformlar ve ülkeye davet edilen Avrupalılar ile Batı düşünce tarzına uygun bir devlet sistemi kurulmak istenmiştir. Petro ve ardılları dönemlerinde çağrılan Batılı ve özellikle Alman bilim insanları, kurulan araştırma merkezleri ve üniversiteler sayesinde Rusya'daki Doğu Araştırmaları belirli bir seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Kazan, St. Petersburg ve Moskova'da kurulan Doğu Araştırmaları Merkezleri, İmparatorluk Coğrafya ve Tarih dernekleriyle birlikte Doğu'nun değişik bölgelerine akademik seyahatler organize etmiştir. 19. yüzyılda Batı Düşünce hayatındaki değişimlerden ve özellikle Alman Romantizminden etkilenen Rus aydınları, Rusya'nın kimliği ve geleceği konusunda kendi içerisinde büyük tartışmalar yaşamıştır. Bu tartışmaları sonucunda Doğu'nun, Rusya'nın geleceği ve Anavatan'ın şanı adına zaferlerle ele geçirilmesi gereken bir coğrafya olduğu hususunda hemfikir olunmuştur. Dünya sistemi içerinde kendisine yer edinmek isteyen Rusya, ticaret yollarına ve hammaddeye hâkim olma amacıyla –bir bakıma Edward Said'in "oryantalizm – sömürgecilik" söyleminin en güçlü uygulamalarını sergileyerek– Kafkasya'yı işgal etmiştir. Bizim tez çalışmamızda incelemek istediğimiz nokta Rusya'nın emperyal amaçları doğrultusunda Kafkasya'da gerçekleştirmiş olduğu istila hareketlerinin akademik oryantalizm ile olan ilişkisi olmuştur. Bu doğrultuda Rus Düşünce Sisteminin Doğu'ya bakışı ve Avrupa'dan ithal edilen akademik oryantalizm çalışmalarının Rus emperyal ilerleyişine olan katkısı incelenmiştir.
Russia is such a big empire that spread across two continents completely different from each other culturally, socially and politically. In its earliest period, during the Kievan principalities, Russia had relatively strong relations with the West. However, Russian links with the West were radically affected during 300 years lasted conquest and occupation of Mongol-Tatars. That's why Westernisation of Russia had not actually completed till Peter the Great era (1682-1725). Far-reaching reforms were applied and contributions of the Europeans were required in order to establish a proper western system in the Russian Tsardom during his era. Because of Western scientists, especially Germans, and the research centers, universities established, Oriental studies in Russia reached a certain level in Peter the Great and his successors times. The East Studies Centres founded in Kazan, St. Petersburg and Moscow, and Imperial Geography and History Societies together organized academic travels to the different areas of the East. Russian intellectuals who were influenced by the developments occurred in the 19th century in the western thoughts and particularly by the German Romanticism, debated about Russia's identity and future. At the end of these debates, the following consensus was reached: it was the East which had to be conquered for the greater glory of Tsar and Motherland. Desiring to take part in the new world order Russia invaded the Caucasus with the aim of taking trade routes and raw materials under control–showing the best execution of relationship between Orientalism and Colonialism according to Edward Said. The aim of our thesis is to investigate the relations between Russian colonialism and academic orientalism governed by imperialist aims over the Caucasus; how the way Russia looked at the East and how academic orientalism contributed to Russia's aims of Imperialism.
Russia is such a big empire that spread across two continents completely different from each other culturally, socially and politically. In its earliest period, during the Kievan principalities, Russia had relatively strong relations with the West. However, Russian links with the West were radically affected during 300 years lasted conquest and occupation of Mongol-Tatars. That's why Westernisation of Russia had not actually completed till Peter the Great era (1682-1725). Far-reaching reforms were applied and contributions of the Europeans were required in order to establish a proper western system in the Russian Tsardom during his era. Because of Western scientists, especially Germans, and the research centers, universities established, Oriental studies in Russia reached a certain level in Peter the Great and his successors times. The East Studies Centres founded in Kazan, St. Petersburg and Moscow, and Imperial Geography and History Societies together organized academic travels to the different areas of the East. Russian intellectuals who were influenced by the developments occurred in the 19th century in the western thoughts and particularly by the German Romanticism, debated about Russia's identity and future. At the end of these debates, the following consensus was reached: it was the East which had to be conquered for the greater glory of Tsar and Motherland. Desiring to take part in the new world order Russia invaded the Caucasus with the aim of taking trade routes and raw materials under control–showing the best execution of relationship between Orientalism and Colonialism according to Edward Said. The aim of our thesis is to investigate the relations between Russian colonialism and academic orientalism governed by imperialist aims over the Caucasus; how the way Russia looked at the East and how academic orientalism contributed to Russia's aims of Imperialism.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Rusya, Kafkasya, Oryantalizm, Sömürgecilik, Batılı Seyyahlar, Russia, Caucasus, Orientalism, Colonialism, Western Voyagers
