Pharmacologic targets on the female urethra

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dc.contributor.authorCanda, A. Erdem
dc.contributor.authorCinar, Mehtap G.
dc.contributor.authorTurna, Burak
dc.contributor.authorSahin, M. Oguz
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-27T19:58:20Z
dc.date.available2019-10-27T19:58:20Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.departmentEge Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: This article reviews the mechanisms affecting contraction and relaxation of the urethra in order to establish a basis for current and future treatments for urinary incontinence in women. Material and Methods: A review of the English literature using MEDLINE was performed between 1970 and 2008 on female urethra pharmacology, urinary incontinence, and mechanisms involved in contraction and relaxation of the female human urethra. Results: alpha - Adrenoceptors (ARs) cause contraction and beta-ARs cause relaxation. Use of selective alpha - agonist and beta-AR blocker agents might have potential for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence. Tolerable doses of cholinergic agonists did not have significant effects on intraurethral pressure. Nitric oxide seems to be the major nonadrenergic- noncholinergic inhibitory transmitter causing relaxation. c-kit-positive interstitial cells seem to regulate urethral tone. The roles of adenosine triphosphate and carbon monoxide have not been fully investigated in humans. Neuropeptides function similarly to the urinary bladder. Prostanoids cause urethral contraction and relaxation depending on their subtypes. Serotonin enhances the strength of urethral sphincteric contractions. The Rho- kinase pathway also appears to be modulating smooth muscle contraction in the urethra. Conclusions: Understanding of the urethral function and pharmacology may lead to the development of promising new agents which might be useful in the management of urinary incontinence in women. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Baselen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1159/000132690en_US
dc.identifier.endpage354en_US
dc.identifier.issn0042-1138
dc.identifier.issn1423-0399
dc.identifier.issue4en_US
dc.identifier.pmid18587243en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage341en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1159/000132690
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11454/41060
dc.identifier.volume80en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000257459400001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherKargeren_US
dc.relation.ispartofUrologia Internationalisen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Ulusal Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectfemale urethraen_US
dc.subjectpharmacologyen_US
dc.subjecttransmittersen_US
dc.subjectreceptorsen_US
dc.subjectstress urinary incontinenceen_US
dc.subjectmanagementen_US
dc.titlePharmacologic targets on the female urethraen_US
dc.typeReview Articleen_US

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