İzmir ilinde depolanan patateslerde kuru çürüklük hastalığına neden olan Fusarium spp.'nin tanılanması ve mücadele olanaklarının araştırılması
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Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Patates kuru çürüklük hastalığı (Fusarium spp.) hasat sonrası patates yumrularında görülen en önemli fungal depo çürüklüklerinden biridir. Hastalık verim, tohumluk kalitesi ve ürünün pazarlanabilirliğini önemli ölçüde azaltmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile İzmir ili Ödemiş ve Torbalı ilçelerindeki patates depolarında kuru çürüklük hastalığına neden olan Fusarium türlerinin morfolojik ve moleküler yöntemlerle tanılanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda 2015-2016 yıllarında söz konusu ilçelerde bulunan patates depolarında yürütülen survey çalışmaları sonucunda; hastalıklı patates yumrularından elde edilen Fusarium türleri Fusarium sambucinum, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum ve F. equiseti olarak tanılanmıştır. Patojenisite çalışmaları sonucunda en virülent izolatın F. sambucinum türüne ait olduğu belirlenmiştir. F. sambucinum'un moleküler olarak tanılanmasında FSF1 ve FSR1 spesifik primerleri kullanılarak 315 bp uzunluğunda bant elde edilmiştir. Bölgede yaygın olarak depolanan 13 patates çeşidinin hastalığa duyarlılıklarının tespit edilmesi amacıyla yürütülen çeşit reaksiyon testleri sonucunda en duyarlı çeşit Russet Burbank bulunmuştur. Ülkemizde bu hastalığa karşı ruhsatlı bir bitki koruma ürünü bulunmamaktadır. Hastalıkla mücadele çalışmalarında yürütülen in vitro testlerde fludioxonil 100 g/L, flutolanil 464 g/L, thiophanate methyl %70, imazalil 500 g/L, fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L, fluxapyroxad 300 g/L ve tolclophos-methyl %20+thiram %30'ın patateste kuru çürüklük etmeni F. sambucinum'un miselyal gelişimine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu testlerde fludioxonil, fludioxonil+sedaxane ve imazalil etkili maddeli preparatlar patojenin miselyal gelişimini engellemede en etkili fungisitler olmuştur. Patates yumrularında soğuk hava deposunda yürütülen denemelerde in vitro'da hastalık etmenine karşı etkili bulunan bu kimyasal preparatların yanı sıra biyolojik preparatlardan Bacillus subtilis QST 713 ırkı %1,34 (min.1x109 cfu/ml), Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf1 %1,5, 1x108 kob/ml min ve %42 karboksilik asidin etkisi de araştırılmıştır. In vivo denemeler Russet Burbank, Lady Olympia ve Granola çeşitleri ile yürütülmüş ve suni inokulasyondan önce ve sonra olmak üzere 2 farklı ilaçlama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Suni inokulasyondan önce yapılan ilaçlamalarda en yüksek etkiyi %77,18 ile fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L Granola çeşidinde gösterirken, suni inokulasyondan sonra yapılan ilaçlamalarda fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L Granola çeşidinde %63,53 etki değeri ile en yüksek etkiye sahip preparat olmuştur.
Potato dry rot disease (Fusarium spp.) is one of the most important fungal storage rots on potato tubers after harvesting. The disease can significantly reduce yield, seed quality and marketability of the product. The aim of this study was to identify the Fusarium species that cause dry rot disease in potato storages in Ödemiş and Torbalı districts of İzmir province using morphological and molecular methods. In this context, as a result of surveys carried out in potato warehouses in these districts in 2015-2016; Fusarium species obtained from diseased potato tubers were identified as Fusarium sambucinum, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti. F. sambucinum was the most virulent according to the pathogenicity studies. In the molecular diagnosis of F. sambucinum, using spesific primers FSF1 and FSR1, predicted size was obtained 315 bp. To determine the susceptibility to disease, between 13 potato cultivars commonly stored in the region, Russet Burbank was found to be the most sensitive cultivar. There is not any plant protection products licensed against this disease in our country. In vitro tests carried out in disease control studies, fludioxonil 100 g/L, flutolanil 464 g/L, thiophanate methyl %70, imazalil 500 g/L, fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L, fluxapyroxad 300 g/L and tolclophos-methyl %20+thiram %30 were investigated on the mycelial growth of F. sambucinum, a dry rot pathogen in potato. In these in vitro tests; fludioxonil, fludioxonil+sedaxane and imazalil were the most effective fungicides to prevent mycelial growth of the pathogen. In the experiments carried out in the cold storage of potato tubers, in addition to chemicals that are effective against the disease in in vitro tests, efficacy of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 strain % 1,34 (min.1x109 cfu/ml), Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf1 %1,5, 1x108 kob/ml min and %42 carboxylic acid were also tested. In vivo tests were conducted with Russet Burbank, Lady Olympia and Granola cultivars and two different methods were used including before and after inoculation. Fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L showed the highest effect with 77.18% on Granola cultivar in the applications before artificial inoculation, while fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L has the highest efficacy with an efficacy value of 63,53% on Granola cultivar using after artificial inoculation.
Potato dry rot disease (Fusarium spp.) is one of the most important fungal storage rots on potato tubers after harvesting. The disease can significantly reduce yield, seed quality and marketability of the product. The aim of this study was to identify the Fusarium species that cause dry rot disease in potato storages in Ödemiş and Torbalı districts of İzmir province using morphological and molecular methods. In this context, as a result of surveys carried out in potato warehouses in these districts in 2015-2016; Fusarium species obtained from diseased potato tubers were identified as Fusarium sambucinum, F. oxysporum, F. avenaceum and F. equiseti. F. sambucinum was the most virulent according to the pathogenicity studies. In the molecular diagnosis of F. sambucinum, using spesific primers FSF1 and FSR1, predicted size was obtained 315 bp. To determine the susceptibility to disease, between 13 potato cultivars commonly stored in the region, Russet Burbank was found to be the most sensitive cultivar. There is not any plant protection products licensed against this disease in our country. In vitro tests carried out in disease control studies, fludioxonil 100 g/L, flutolanil 464 g/L, thiophanate methyl %70, imazalil 500 g/L, fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L, fluxapyroxad 300 g/L and tolclophos-methyl %20+thiram %30 were investigated on the mycelial growth of F. sambucinum, a dry rot pathogen in potato. In these in vitro tests; fludioxonil, fludioxonil+sedaxane and imazalil were the most effective fungicides to prevent mycelial growth of the pathogen. In the experiments carried out in the cold storage of potato tubers, in addition to chemicals that are effective against the disease in in vitro tests, efficacy of Bacillus subtilis QST 713 strain % 1,34 (min.1x109 cfu/ml), Pseudomonas fluorescens strain Pf1 %1,5, 1x108 kob/ml min and %42 carboxylic acid were also tested. In vivo tests were conducted with Russet Burbank, Lady Olympia and Granola cultivars and two different methods were used including before and after inoculation. Fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L showed the highest effect with 77.18% on Granola cultivar in the applications before artificial inoculation, while fludioxonil 50 g/L+sedaxane 40 g/L has the highest efficacy with an efficacy value of 63,53% on Granola cultivar using after artificial inoculation.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Patates, Kuru Çürüklük, Fusarium spp., Fusarium sambucinum, Fludioxonil, Potato, Dry Rot, Fusarium Spp., Fusarium sambucinum, Fludioxonil