Cilician Commercial Relations With Egypt Due to the New Evidence of Amphora Finds
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2008
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Yunanlı öncülerin Doğu Akdeniz’deki merkezlerle olan ilişkilerinin başlamasıyla ticari faaliyetlerin sonucu olan kültürel etkileşimin de ilk izleri görülmeye başlar. Kilikia kıyıları, Demir Çağlardan Klasik Döneme kadar korsanların faaliyetlerinden etkilense de göreceli olarak verimli bir bölge olarak bilinmektedir. Tarımsal ürünlerin ticaretinin yaşamsal bir öneme sahip olmasına rağmen Kilikia ürünlerinin taşındığı amphoralara ait bilgilerimiz İ.Ö. 4. yüzyıla kadar oldukça yetersizdir. Bu dönemden sonra Kilikia kentleri bölgenin ticaret ağı üzerinde bulunmasını da kullanarak tarımsal üretimlerini Hellenistik Dönem’in genel ihtiyaçlarına uyarlayacak ölçüde genişletmeyi başarmıştır. Ancak Kilikia’daki gerçek şarap üretimi patlaması Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde yaşanmıştır. Bu yeni ticari yapılanmanın arkeolojik izleri makalenin de konusu olan Kilikia amphoralarının Akdeniz’in birçok noktasına ve Mısır yoluyla Hindistan’a kadar olan dağılımlarıyla kanıtlanmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu ticaretin bir karşılığı olarak İmparatorluk Dönemi’nden sonra başlayan ve İ.S. 6. yüzyıla kadar yoğunlaşarak devam eden Kilikia’ya Mısır şarabının ihracatı da bölgede gerçekleşirilen kazılarda elde edilen yeni sonuçlara gore azımsanmayacak boyuttadır.
After the first contacts of Greek pioneers with Eastern Mediterranean centers, as a result of commercial activities, cultural interrelation started to give first profits. Cilician region is known as a relatively productive area though hazarded by pirates from the Iron Ages to the late Classical Period. Although the commerce of agricultural products was a vital income for every city, Cilician goods carried on amphorae were less known until the fourth c. BC1. After that period, using the strategic commercial position located on the main marine trade routes, the Cilician cities should have adapted their agricultural production to the general Hellenistic demand of Mediterranean cities. However, the real commercial burst on wine production in Cilicia appeared under the Roman influence during the Imperial Period. One can follow the traces of this new commercial organization by means of the dispersion of Cilician amphorae throughout the Mediterranean cities and even far away as India via Egypt which will be the focus of this paper2. On the other hand, we can not depreciate the Egyptian wine exportation to Cilicia which was started in the Imperial Period and augmented until the sixth c. AD by means of new finds from the excavations in the region.
After the first contacts of Greek pioneers with Eastern Mediterranean centers, as a result of commercial activities, cultural interrelation started to give first profits. Cilician region is known as a relatively productive area though hazarded by pirates from the Iron Ages to the late Classical Period. Although the commerce of agricultural products was a vital income for every city, Cilician goods carried on amphorae were less known until the fourth c. BC1. After that period, using the strategic commercial position located on the main marine trade routes, the Cilician cities should have adapted their agricultural production to the general Hellenistic demand of Mediterranean cities. However, the real commercial burst on wine production in Cilicia appeared under the Roman influence during the Imperial Period. One can follow the traces of this new commercial organization by means of the dispersion of Cilician amphorae throughout the Mediterranean cities and even far away as India via Egypt which will be the focus of this paper2. On the other hand, we can not depreciate the Egyptian wine exportation to Cilicia which was started in the Imperial Period and augmented until the sixth c. AD by means of new finds from the excavations in the region.
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