Samir Amin’in Ardından Türkiye’de İktisat Tarihi Tartışmalarını Hatırlamak
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2019
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
12 Ağustos 2018’de vefat eden Samir Amin, Marksist ekonomi politiğin önde gelen isimlerindendi. Çalışmalarının odak noktası kapitalizmin, “bütünüyle dünyanın hali”nin, eleştirisiydi. II. Dünya Savaşı sonrasında kapitalizmin “çevre” ülkelere etkisini Marksist perspektifte ele alan ilk kapsamlı incelemeler ondan geldi; çalışmaları “çevre” ülke üniversitelerinde birçok nesli etkiledi ve tartışıldı. Sosyal bilimlere önemli bir damga vuran Amin, Türkiye’de 1970’ler ve 1980’lerde güncel siyaset bağlamına da oturan iktisat tarihi tartışmalarının kaçınılmaz kaynağı oldu. 1990’lı yıllarda iktisat tarihi de tartışmaları da akademik ve siyasi gündemden düşse de giderek daha fazla çalışması Türkçeye çevrildi. Makale Amin’in çalışmalarının Osmanlı ve Türkiye iktisat tarihine yansımalarını, iktisat tarihinin ve kuramsal tartışmaların gözde olduğu 1970’ler ve 1980’lerdeki etkisi bağlamında değerlendirmeyi amaçlıyor. Bunun için ilk önce Amin’in araştırma gündemini özetlenecek, sonrasında çalışmalarının Türkiye ile kesişme noktalarını (çeviri makaleler ve kitaplar ile insanlar bağlamında) gözden geçirilecek. Amin’le kesişmeler sıralandıktan sonra, çalışmalarının Türkiye’de iktisat tarihi yazıcılığına etkileri değerlendirilecek. Bunu da tartışma alanları yarattığı ölçüde, etkili olduğu kadar etkisiz olduğu noktaları da öne çıkararak, yapmayı hedefliyor. Bu çerçevede, Türkiye iktisat tarihi yazımını meşgul eden, Amin’in de araştırma gündeminde öne çıkan üç büyük başlığa odaklanıyor: azgelişmişlik ve emperyalizm; üretim tarzları ve toplumsal formasyonlar; köylülük ve küçük meta üretimi. İlk başlıkta, Amin’in kuramsal çerçevesinin, dünya sistemi analizi eşliğinde, Çağlar Keyder, Şevket Pamuk ve Fikret Başkaya’nın çalışmalarıyla (farklı derecelerde de olsa) Osmanlı ve Türkiye iktisat tarihi yazımına yansıdığı görülüyor; ikinci başlık altında Amin’in literatüre özgün, hatta oldukça ayrıksı, katkısını göz önüne alınca, Türkiye’deki çalışmaların da literatüre oldukça özgün katkı sundukları gözlemleniyor; üçüncü başlıkta ise, Amin ve Korkut Boratav’ın çalışmalarının birbirinden bağımsız gelişerek evrensel boyutta özgün katkılar sundukları tespit ediliyor.
Samir Amin who passed away on the 12th of August 2018 was one of the leading figures of Marxist political economy. A criticism of capitalism, or of “the condition of the world in its totality”, occupied the core of his works. After the World War II, first comprehensive investigations from a Marxist perspective examining impact of capitalism on the peripheral countries came from him. His works were widely discussed and influenced many generations studying at the universities of the periphery. Amin who had an important imprint on the research agenda of social sciences was an unavoidable reference in the debates of economic history that had also their place within the political context in Turkey of 1970s and 1980s. Even if economic history and its debates lost their privileged place in the academic and political agendas in the 1990s, his works continued to be translated more and more in Turkish thereafter. This article aims to evaluate echoes of Amin’s works in the literature of Ottoman and Turkey’s economic history during 1970s and 1980s when economic history and conceptual debates were in their heyday. The article will first summarize Amin’s research agenda; then, going through Turkish translations of his articles and books, scrutinize on the intersections of his agenda and that of scholars in Turkey and finally evaluate his intellectual impact on the economic history writing in Turkey. It will accomplish this task as far as his works contributed to the leading debates and therefore highlight his impact as well as his non-impact in the literature in question. In this context, it will focus on three big themes occupying central place not only in the research agenda of Turkey’s economic history but also in that of Amin: underdevelopment and imperialism; mode of production and social formations; peasantry and small commodity production. On the first subject, the article observes that Amin’s theoretical framework was reflected, in company with the world-system analysis, to the Ottoman and Turkey’s economic history through the research of Çağlar Keyder, Sevket Pamuk and Fikret Baskaya (albeit in varying degrees). On the second theme, taking into consideration Amin’s original, and even eccentric, contribution to the literature, it is possible to notice original contributions of research taking place in Turkey. On the third theme, the article discerns that, as works of Amin and Korkut Boratav developed independently from each other, they both offered original and universal contributions to the scholarly work on economic history.
Samir Amin who passed away on the 12th of August 2018 was one of the leading figures of Marxist political economy. A criticism of capitalism, or of “the condition of the world in its totality”, occupied the core of his works. After the World War II, first comprehensive investigations from a Marxist perspective examining impact of capitalism on the peripheral countries came from him. His works were widely discussed and influenced many generations studying at the universities of the periphery. Amin who had an important imprint on the research agenda of social sciences was an unavoidable reference in the debates of economic history that had also their place within the political context in Turkey of 1970s and 1980s. Even if economic history and its debates lost their privileged place in the academic and political agendas in the 1990s, his works continued to be translated more and more in Turkish thereafter. This article aims to evaluate echoes of Amin’s works in the literature of Ottoman and Turkey’s economic history during 1970s and 1980s when economic history and conceptual debates were in their heyday. The article will first summarize Amin’s research agenda; then, going through Turkish translations of his articles and books, scrutinize on the intersections of his agenda and that of scholars in Turkey and finally evaluate his intellectual impact on the economic history writing in Turkey. It will accomplish this task as far as his works contributed to the leading debates and therefore highlight his impact as well as his non-impact in the literature in question. In this context, it will focus on three big themes occupying central place not only in the research agenda of Turkey’s economic history but also in that of Amin: underdevelopment and imperialism; mode of production and social formations; peasantry and small commodity production. On the first subject, the article observes that Amin’s theoretical framework was reflected, in company with the world-system analysis, to the Ottoman and Turkey’s economic history through the research of Çağlar Keyder, Sevket Pamuk and Fikret Baskaya (albeit in varying degrees). On the second theme, taking into consideration Amin’s original, and even eccentric, contribution to the literature, it is possible to notice original contributions of research taking place in Turkey. On the third theme, the article discerns that, as works of Amin and Korkut Boratav developed independently from each other, they both offered original and universal contributions to the scholarly work on economic history.
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