Organik domates ve biber tohumlarına Piriformospora indica'nın biyo-priming uygulamasının tohum gücü ve fide gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Organik tarım, doğal dengeyi koruyan sürdürülebilir bir tarım yöntemi olmasına karşın bu yöntemle konvansiyonel tarıma göre daha düşük ürün verimi elde edilmektedir. Organik tarımda verimi artırmak için kullanılabilecek yöntemlerden biri bitki kökleri ile mutualistik ilişki kuran fungusların uygulanmasıdır. Bitki büyümesini tetikleyici bir fungus olan Piriformospora indica etkili kök kolonizasyonu gerçekleştirebildiği ve olumsuz çevresel koşullarda bile bitki büyümesini teşvik edebilmesi nedenleriyle organik tarımda kullanılabilme potansiyelindedir. Tohum gücü ve erken fide gelişimi, tohum popülasyonlarının optimal veya optimal olmayan koşullar altında normal bir bitki oluşturma kapasitesinin belirleyicisi olduğundan, ürün veriminin öngörülmesinde öneme sahiptirler. Bu tez çalışmasında, P. indica sporları farklı konsantrasyonlarda (0, 0.41x105, 0.82x105, 1.64x105, 3.275x105, 6.55x105 cfu mL-1) organik domates ve biber tohumlarına biyo-priming yöntemi ile uygulanmış ve bu bitkilerde tohum gücü ve fide gelişimi üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir. Fungusun, erken gelişim aşamasındaki ve tohum gücü üzerindeki etkileri çimlenme denemeleri ile belirlenirken, sonraki bitki büyüme aşamaları, fizyolojik parametreler ve mineral madde miktarı alınımı üzerindeki etkileri saksı denemeleriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deney sonuçlarına göre, domates tohumlarına uygulanan düşük spor konsantrasyonlarının, bitkide çimlenme yüzdesini, tohum gücünü ve bitki biyokütlesini arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Biber tohumlarında ise çimlenme oranı, süresi ve bitki biyokütlesi üzerindeki iyileştirici etkilerin yüksek spor konsantrasyonları uygulamalarında gözlemlenmiştir. Saksı denemelerinin sonuçlarına göre ise, domates fidelerinin gelişimi düşük konsantrasyonlarda P. indica spor uygulaması ile teşvik edilirken, biber fidelerinde bu etkinin yalnız yüksek spor konsantrasyonları uygulamalarında gerçekleştiği belirlenmiştir. Domates fide yapraklarında oksidatif stres düzeyinin (H2O2) ve buna bağlı olarak lipid peroksidasyon seviyesinin (MDA) tüm spor konsantrasyon uygulamaları ile düştüğü ve biber bitkilerinde bu parametrelerde kontrole göre değişimin olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Çinko (Zn) dışında, makro ve mikro mineral besin madde (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu ve Mn) miktarları domates fideleri için uygulanan tüm spor konsantrasyonlarda artış gösterirken, biber bitkilerinde konsantrasyondan bağımsız olarak değişiklikler belirlenmiştir. Zn içeriğinin her iki bitkide de düştüğü görülmüştür (%3.32-26.01). Bu çalışmanın sonucunda, P. indica sporlarının tohumlara biyo-priming yöntemi ile uygulanmasının, tohum çimlenmesi ve tohum gücünü artırmasından erken fide gelişimini teşvik edici etki yaptığı belirlenmiştir. Bu özelliklerin tohumlara uygulanan spor konsantrasyonuna ve bitki türüne bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterebileceği belirlenmiştir. P. indica ile tohum inokülasyonunun tohum gücü ve fide gelişiminin arttırabilmesi nedeniyle organik tarımda verim artışına katkı yapabileceği gözlenmiştir.
Organic farming is a sustainable farming method that preserves the natural balance, however this method has lower yields than conventional farming. One of the methods that can be used to increase yield in organic agriculture is the application of beneficial fungi that can colonize plant roots. Piriformospora indica, which is a plant growth-promoting fungus, has the potential to be used in organic agriculture due to their effective root colonization and abilitiy to promote plant growth even in adverse environmental conditions. Seed vigor and early seedling development are important parameters for predicting crop yield, as they are determinants of a normal plant-forming capacity of the seed population under optimal or suboptimal conditions. In this thesis, P. indica spores were applied to organic tomato and pepper seeds at different concentrations (0, 0.41x105, 0.82x105, 1.64x105, 3.275x105, 6.55x105 cfu mL-1) by bio-priming method, and their effects on the seed vigor and seedling development were studied. The effects of the fungus on the early development stage and seed vigor were determined by germination trials, while the effects on the next plant growth stages, physiological parameters and mineral substance uptake were determined by pot trials. According to the results, low spore concentrations applied to tomato seeds increased the germination percentage, seed vigor and plant biomass in the plants. On the other hand, in pepper seeds, the curative effects on germination rate, time and plant biomass were observed in the application of high spore concentrations. As stated in the pot experiments, while the development of tomato seedlings was promoted by the application of P. indica spores at low concentrations, this effect was only observed for high spore concentrations in pepper seedlings. It was determined that the oxidative stress level (H2O2) and accordingly the lipid peroxidation level (MDA) in the leaves of tomato seedlings decreased with all spore concentration applications, and there was no change in these parameters in pepper seedlings compared to the control. Except for zinc (Zn), the amounts of macro and micro mineral nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Mn) increased in all spore concentrations applied to tomato seedlings, while changes were determined independent of concentration in pepper plants. It was observed that Zn content decreased in both plants (3.32-26.01%). As a result of this study, it was determined that the application of P. indica spores to the seeds with bio-priming method had promoting effect on early seedling development by increasing seed germination and seed vigor. It has been determined that these properties may vary depending on the spore concentration applied to the seeds and the plant species. It was concluded that seed inoculation with P. indica can contribute to improvement of the yield in organic agriculture because it can increase seed vigor and seedling growth.
Organic farming is a sustainable farming method that preserves the natural balance, however this method has lower yields than conventional farming. One of the methods that can be used to increase yield in organic agriculture is the application of beneficial fungi that can colonize plant roots. Piriformospora indica, which is a plant growth-promoting fungus, has the potential to be used in organic agriculture due to their effective root colonization and abilitiy to promote plant growth even in adverse environmental conditions. Seed vigor and early seedling development are important parameters for predicting crop yield, as they are determinants of a normal plant-forming capacity of the seed population under optimal or suboptimal conditions. In this thesis, P. indica spores were applied to organic tomato and pepper seeds at different concentrations (0, 0.41x105, 0.82x105, 1.64x105, 3.275x105, 6.55x105 cfu mL-1) by bio-priming method, and their effects on the seed vigor and seedling development were studied. The effects of the fungus on the early development stage and seed vigor were determined by germination trials, while the effects on the next plant growth stages, physiological parameters and mineral substance uptake were determined by pot trials. According to the results, low spore concentrations applied to tomato seeds increased the germination percentage, seed vigor and plant biomass in the plants. On the other hand, in pepper seeds, the curative effects on germination rate, time and plant biomass were observed in the application of high spore concentrations. As stated in the pot experiments, while the development of tomato seedlings was promoted by the application of P. indica spores at low concentrations, this effect was only observed for high spore concentrations in pepper seedlings. It was determined that the oxidative stress level (H2O2) and accordingly the lipid peroxidation level (MDA) in the leaves of tomato seedlings decreased with all spore concentration applications, and there was no change in these parameters in pepper seedlings compared to the control. Except for zinc (Zn), the amounts of macro and micro mineral nutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and Mn) increased in all spore concentrations applied to tomato seedlings, while changes were determined independent of concentration in pepper plants. It was observed that Zn content decreased in both plants (3.32-26.01%). As a result of this study, it was determined that the application of P. indica spores to the seeds with bio-priming method had promoting effect on early seedling development by increasing seed germination and seed vigor. It has been determined that these properties may vary depending on the spore concentration applied to the seeds and the plant species. It was concluded that seed inoculation with P. indica can contribute to improvement of the yield in organic agriculture because it can increase seed vigor and seedling growth.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Mikrobiyoloji, Microbiology ; Ziraat
