Evaluation of conjunctival swab sampling in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis: A two-year follow-up study in Cukurova Plain, Turkey

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dc.contributor.authorKarakus, Mehmet
dc.contributor.authorToz, Seray
dc.contributor.authorErtabaklar, Hatice
dc.contributor.authorPasa, Serdar
dc.contributor.authorAtasoy, Abidin
dc.contributor.authorArserim, Suha K.
dc.contributor.authorOlgen, M. Kirami
dc.contributor.authorAlkan, M. Ziya
dc.contributor.authorDurrant, Caroline
dc.contributor.authorOzbel, Yusuf
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-27T22:58:52Z
dc.date.available2019-10-27T22:58:52Z
dc.date.issued2015
dc.departmentEge Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs is a very important and problematic public health issue in Turkey. A longitudinal study was carried out on dogs in selected villages in the Cukurova Plain in Turkey, from July 2011 to June 2013, where cutaneous (CL) and visceral (VL) leishmaniasis is endemic. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of CanL and to evaluate the early diagnostic performance of the non-invasive conjunctival swab nested PCR (CS n-PCR) test in comparison with the Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). The consecutive blood and CS samples from a representative number of dogs (80-100 dogs/each survey) were collected in a cohort of 6 villages located in the area. Clinical symptoms, demographic and physical features about each dog were noted and lymph node aspiration samples were obtained from selected dogs with lymphadenopathy. In four surveys during the period, a total of 338 sets (blood and CS) of samples from 206 dogs were obtained, such that 83 dogs were sampled more than once. In the cross-sectional analysis, the CanL prevalence was found to be 27.18% (between 7.14% and 39.13%) by IFAT and 41.74% (between 29.03% and 46.66%) by CS n-PCR. The isolated strains were identified as Leishmania infantum MON-1 (n = 9) and MON-98 (n = 2) by MLEE analysis. Genetic studies targeting the Hsp70 and ITS1 regions performed on 11 dog isolates also showed two clear separate groups. According to IFAT results, 24 of the 83 dogs sampled more than once showed seroconversion (n = 19) or a four-fold increase in Ab titers (n = 5), while 17 were positive in the initial screening. Forty-two dogs stayed negative during the whole period. The natural Leishmania exposure rate was detected as 31.14% in the study area. CS n-PCR only detected Leishmania infection earlier than IFAT in 8 dogs. No statistical difference was found after the analysis of demographical and physical data. The results indicated that (i) circulation of the dog population is very common in settlements in the Cukurova Plain, but the disease prevalence is high and stable, (ii) the performance of CS n-PCR for detecting Leishmania-dog contact is higher than IFAT, (iii) and some of the parasites isolated from dogs have different zymodemes and/or genotypes from previous human and sand fly isolates; suggesting the probability of two different cycles of leishmaniasis in this particular area. This hypothesis should be supported by future studies targeting vectors and-reservoirs. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipEUEuropean Union (EU) [FP7-261504 EDENext]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was funded by EU grant FP7-261504 EDENext and is catalogued by the EDENext Steering Committee as EDENext332 (http://www.edenext.eu). The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Commission.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.09.009en_US
dc.identifier.endpage302en_US
dc.identifier.issn0304-4017
dc.identifier.issn1873-2550
dc.identifier.issue03.Apren_US
dc.identifier.pmid26415899en_US
dc.identifier.startpage295en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.09.009
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11454/51664
dc.identifier.volume214en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000367112600009en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ1en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakPubMeden_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherElsevier Science Bven_US
dc.relation.ispartofVeterinary Parasitologyen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessen_US
dc.subjectCanine leishmaniasisen_US
dc.subjectLeishmania infantumen_US
dc.subjectConjunctival swaben_US
dc.subjectNested-PCRen_US
dc.subjectIFATen_US
dc.titleEvaluation of conjunctival swab sampling in the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis: A two-year follow-up study in Cukurova Plain, Turkeyen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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