Örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinde sera beyazsineği [Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw. ) (Hom. : Aleyrodidae)]'ne karşı leonardit kaynaklı hümik maddelerle karıştırılarak uygulanan bazı insektisitlerin parçalanma süreci ve biyolojik etkinliği üzerinde araştırmalar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2011
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan Sera beyazsineği ile mücadelede birçok yöntem başarıyla uygulansa da, uygulama kolaylığı ve yüksek etkinliği nedeniyle üreticiler genelde kimyasal savaşı tercih etmektedirler. Diğer yandan üreticiler verimi arttırmak amacıyla sıkça hümik maddeler (HM)'den yararlanmakta ve bunları genelde pestisitlerle birlikte uygulamaktadırlar. Ancak, pestisitlerle karıştırılarak uygulanan HM'in pestisit performansına ve pestisitin parçalanma sürecine etki edebileceğine dair bazı çalışmalara rastlanmıştır. Bu sebeplerden dolayı, 2009-2011 yılları arasında yürütülen tez kapsamında, örtüaltı domates yetiştiriciliğinde Sera beyazsineği'ne karşı tavsiye edilen ve en yoğun kullanılan insektisitlerden bazılarının HM ile karışım halinde, hem yapraktan hem de topraktan uygulanması durumunda, insektisitlerin zararlı üzerindeki etkisi ile etki süresi ve yapraklardaki kalıntılarının parçalanma süresindeki değişimleri araştırılmıştır.Hem yapraktan hem de topraktan uygulanan HM'in tek başlarına Sera beyazsineği'ne etkili olmadıkları, ancak fülvik asit (FA) ile karışım halinde uygulanan imidacloprid ve pymetrozinenin performansının arttığı görülmüştür.Bu çalışma kapsamında ilaçların daha ilaçlama aleti tankındayken, parçalanma sürecinde bir değişim olup olmadığı da araştırılmış, ancak denemeye alınan HM'in söz konusu ilaçların alet tanklarında, iki saat boyunca, parçalanma süreçlerinde önemli bir değişime neden olmadıkları bulunmuştur.Yapraktan tek başına uygulanan imidaclopridin kalıntıları her iki HM ile karışım halinde uygulandığı duruma göre daha yüksek olmuş ve HM'in söz konusu aktif maddenin parçalanma sürecini hızlandırdığı görülmüştür. Imidacloprid ve HM karışımlarının topraktan uygulanması durumunda ise, yapraklardaki kalıntılarının parçalanma süreci, yapraktan uygulanmalarına göre tamamen farklı bulunmuştur. Zira FA'in söz konusu aktif maddenin hem bitki tarafından alınımını hızlandırdığı hem de parçalanma sürecini yavaşlatarak uzattığı da tespit edilmiştir. FA için söylenenlerin aksine, imidaclopridin hümik asit (HA) ile karışım halinde topraktan uygulanması durumunda, aktif maddenin yapraklara taşınmasında gecikme ve dolayısıyla parçalanma sürecinde de hızlanma görülmüştür.Sonuç olarak, HM ile karışım halinde uygulanan pestisitlerin hem hedef organizmaya etkisinde, hem de bitkilerdeki kalıntılarının parçalanma sürecinde değişime neden olabileceği, bunun HM içeriğine ve pestisitin kimyasal özelliğine göre farklılık gösterebileceği tespit edilmiştir
In greenhouse tomato grow, many methods were used successfully but growers mostly prefer to use chemical applications in order to control widely seen and economically lost caused by Greenhouse white fly. On the other hand, growers apply humic matters (HM) to increase yield and use it generally together with pesticide applications.However, some indications have been found on effect of HM while applied as mix with pesticides, which may affect pesticide performance and pesticide degradation process. For that reason some insecticides have been choose, which were advised against Greenhouse white fly on tomato in greenhouse growth, to work on possible changes on efficiency against target pest, effect period and leaf residue degradation process of selected insecticides, applied as foliar and as drip irrigation into the soil.Alone application of HM, both as foliar and soil application, was not effective against Greenhouse white fly, but mix application of fulvic acid (FA) with selected insecticides has increased performance of imidacloprid and pymetrozine compounds.Beside, possible changes on degradation process of selected pesticides in application tank were investigated and it was found that HM has not caused any important difference on degradation process of selected pesticides in the application tank during two hours.Foliar and sole applied of imidacloprid residue level was higher than imidacloprid application, which was applied as foliar and as a mixture with both HM. It was seen that HM accelerated degradation process of active matter.When imidacloprid and HM mixture applied into the soil, degradation process of leaf residues was totally different than foliar application. So, it was determinated that FA increased uptake of mentioned active matter by the plant and extended of degradation by slowing down process. Incontrast to FA, the mixture of imidacloprid and HA application into the soil, it was seen that active matter transport was delay consequently acceleration on degradation process in leafs.As a conclusion, it was determinated that mixture of pesticides with HM, may cause effects on both organism and residue degradation process on plants, and that may vary depends on HM content and pesticide chemical characteristic.
In greenhouse tomato grow, many methods were used successfully but growers mostly prefer to use chemical applications in order to control widely seen and economically lost caused by Greenhouse white fly. On the other hand, growers apply humic matters (HM) to increase yield and use it generally together with pesticide applications.However, some indications have been found on effect of HM while applied as mix with pesticides, which may affect pesticide performance and pesticide degradation process. For that reason some insecticides have been choose, which were advised against Greenhouse white fly on tomato in greenhouse growth, to work on possible changes on efficiency against target pest, effect period and leaf residue degradation process of selected insecticides, applied as foliar and as drip irrigation into the soil.Alone application of HM, both as foliar and soil application, was not effective against Greenhouse white fly, but mix application of fulvic acid (FA) with selected insecticides has increased performance of imidacloprid and pymetrozine compounds.Beside, possible changes on degradation process of selected pesticides in application tank were investigated and it was found that HM has not caused any important difference on degradation process of selected pesticides in the application tank during two hours.Foliar and sole applied of imidacloprid residue level was higher than imidacloprid application, which was applied as foliar and as a mixture with both HM. It was seen that HM accelerated degradation process of active matter.When imidacloprid and HM mixture applied into the soil, degradation process of leaf residues was totally different than foliar application. So, it was determinated that FA increased uptake of mentioned active matter by the plant and extended of degradation by slowing down process. Incontrast to FA, the mixture of imidacloprid and HA application into the soil, it was seen that active matter transport was delay consequently acceleration on degradation process in leafs.As a conclusion, it was determinated that mixture of pesticides with HM, may cause effects on both organism and residue degradation process on plants, and that may vary depends on HM content and pesticide chemical characteristic.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, İnsektisidler, Insecticides