Organik pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L. ) tarımı üzerinde araştırmalar
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1996
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Deneme, organik ve kimyasal gübrelerin pamuğa etkilerini saptamak ve organik pamuk ile konvensiyonel pamuk arasındaki verim, kalite farklılıklarını tespit etmek için yapılmıştır. Deneme, Manisa ili Salihli ilçesine bağlı Tekelioğlu köyünde bir önceki yıl pamuk anızı olan organik bir tarlada kurulmuştur. 1993-1994 döneminde kurulan denemede 3'ü organik l'i kimyasal gübre olmak üzere 5 varyant ele alınmıştır. Bunlar; 1: Şahit 2: Fiğ 3: Hayvan Gübresi 4: Fiğ + Hayvan Gübresi 5: Kimyasal Gübre Pamuk tohumluğu olarak Nazilli - 84 çeşidinin kullanıldığı deneme, 3 tekerrürlü olarak tesadüf blokları deneme deseninde kurulmuştur. Hasatta parseller kenar tesirleri atıldıktan sonra 78.4 m2 alınmıştır. 2 ve 4 nolu varyantlardaki adi fiğ tohumlarının ekimi Aralık 'ta 10 kg/da fiğ + 2 kg/da arpa hesabıyla elle serpme olarak yapılmıştır. Yine 3 ve 4. varyantlarda yer alan hayvan gübresi fiğ ekiminden önce 3 ton/da hesabıyla toprağa verilmiştir. Yeşil gübre bitkisi olan fiğ Nisan aymm başmda önce diskaro ile parçalanmış, ardından kulaklı pullukla derince sürülerek toprak altma alınmıştır. 5 numaralı varyantı oluşturan kimyasal gübre için dekara 13.36 kg N ve 10 kg P205 kullanılmıştır. Kimyasal gübrelerden 20:20 Mart ayında, Amonyum Nitrat ise Haziran aymda ilk suyla birlikte verilmiştir. Pamuk ekimi, Nisan ayı sonunda 8 kg/da tohumluk hesabıyla 70 cm. sıra arası mesafede yapılmıştır. Denemede saptanan bulgular aşağıda verilmiştir; Vegetatif Özellikler: En yüksek değeri fiğ + hayvan gübresi vermiştir. Deneme varyantlarında pamuk bitki boyu 67 cm. ile 85 cm., yandal sayısı 13.9 adet/bitki ile 15.0 adet/bitki arasında değişmiştir. Generatif Özellikler: Varyantlara göre koza sayısı 15.6-23.5 adet/bitki, koza kütlü ağırlığı 4.71-5.11 grVkoza, kütlü verimi 328-470 kg/da arasında değişmiştir. Bu özelliklerde en düşük değerler şahitte bulunurken, en yüksek değerler; dekara kütlü verimi ve koza kütlü ağırlığında kimyasal gübre uygulamasında, diğer özelliklerde ise fiğ + hayvan gübresi uygulamasında bulunmuştur. Deneme varyantlarına göre birinci el kütlü oranı % 71-87, çırçır-lif randımanı % 44.7-45.3 arasında değişmiştir. Organik ve kimyasal gübre uygulamalarının erkenciliğj geciktirdiği dikkat çekici olmuştur.27 Çizelge-7: Pamukta, Organik ve Kimyasal Gübre Uygulamalarına Göre Bitki Boyu, Kütlü Verimi ve Teknoloj ik özellikler Tenolojik Özellikler: Denemede, lif uzunluğu; 14.15-14.81 mm. (% 50'sinin uzunluğuna göre), 29. 11-29.92 mm. (% 2.5'ğunun uzunluğuna göre), inceliği 4.85-5.02 mic/ind., mukavemeti 16.92-23.02 gr./tex arasında bulunmuştur. Lif inceliği ve mukavemeti bakımından varyantlar arasında istatistiki olarak fark bulunmamış ancak lif uzunluğu bakımından fark bulunmuştur. Organik ve kimyasal gübre uygulamalarının lif uzunluğu üzerine olumlu etkisi olduğu görülmüştür
The experiment was done to determine the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on cotton and the quality and yield differences between organic and convensionel cottons. This study was conducted on an organic field which was organic a year before in Tekelioğlu village of Salihli of Manisa. Three organic and one chemical fertilizer, totally five variants were used in the experiment in 1993- 1994: 1: Non-treatment 2: Common Vetch 3: Animal Manure 4 : Common Vetch + Animal Manure 5: Chemical Fertilizer In the experiment, that was conducted on Nazilli-84 cotton, a randomized complete block design was used with three replications. The plot size at harvest was 78.4 m2 after eliminating border effects. The common vetch seeds, in the variants no 2 and 4 were scattered by hand in December at the rate of 10 kg/da common vetch + 2 kg/da barley. The animal manure, in the variants no 3 and 4 were given before sowing the common vetch seeds at the rate of 3tons/da. Green manure crops of common vetch were broken up by using disk harrow, afterwards all materials were ploughed under the soil deeply at the begining of April. As chemical fertilizer 13.36 kg/da N and 10 kg/da P?05 were used in the variant no 5. Chemical fertilizer 20:20 was applied in March and Ammonium Nitrate with the first irrigation in June. The cotton was sown at therate of 8 kg seeds/da in rows spaced at 70 cm. at the end of April. The results obtained from the experiment were given below: Vegetative Characters: The common vetch + animal manure combination gave the highest values. According to the variants plant height and number of branches per plant, ranged from 67 to 85 cm. and 13.9 to 15.0, respectively. Generative Characters: According to the variants, number of bolls per plant, seed-cotton weight per boll and seed-cotton yield ranged from 15.6 to 23.5, 4.7 1 to5. 1 1 gr. and 328 to 470 kg/da, respectively. The lowest values of generative characters were found in the non-treatment variant while, the highest values of seed-cotton yield and seed-cotton weight per boll were found in chemical fertilizer application Jor the other characters the highest values were found in common vetch + animal manure. According29 to the data obtained first hand picking and ginning percentages ranged from 7 1 to 87 %, 44.7 to 45.3 %, respectively. It is interesting that, organic and chemical fertilizer applications postponded the ripening date. TabIe-7: Plant Height, Seed-Cotton Yield and Technological Characters of Cotton, According to the Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application Technological Characters: In the experiment fiber length (according to the length of % 50 and"% 2.5), fiber fineness and fiber strength ranged from 14. 15 to 14.81 mm. and 29.11-29.92 mm., 4.85 to 5.02 mic/ind. and 16.92-23.02 gr./tex, respectively. Statistical differences were not found with regard to fiber fineness and fiber strength between variants, but there were significant differences for fiber length. Positive effects of organic and chemical applications were seen on fiber length.
The experiment was done to determine the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on cotton and the quality and yield differences between organic and convensionel cottons. This study was conducted on an organic field which was organic a year before in Tekelioğlu village of Salihli of Manisa. Three organic and one chemical fertilizer, totally five variants were used in the experiment in 1993- 1994: 1: Non-treatment 2: Common Vetch 3: Animal Manure 4 : Common Vetch + Animal Manure 5: Chemical Fertilizer In the experiment, that was conducted on Nazilli-84 cotton, a randomized complete block design was used with three replications. The plot size at harvest was 78.4 m2 after eliminating border effects. The common vetch seeds, in the variants no 2 and 4 were scattered by hand in December at the rate of 10 kg/da common vetch + 2 kg/da barley. The animal manure, in the variants no 3 and 4 were given before sowing the common vetch seeds at the rate of 3tons/da. Green manure crops of common vetch were broken up by using disk harrow, afterwards all materials were ploughed under the soil deeply at the begining of April. As chemical fertilizer 13.36 kg/da N and 10 kg/da P?05 were used in the variant no 5. Chemical fertilizer 20:20 was applied in March and Ammonium Nitrate with the first irrigation in June. The cotton was sown at therate of 8 kg seeds/da in rows spaced at 70 cm. at the end of April. The results obtained from the experiment were given below: Vegetative Characters: The common vetch + animal manure combination gave the highest values. According to the variants plant height and number of branches per plant, ranged from 67 to 85 cm. and 13.9 to 15.0, respectively. Generative Characters: According to the variants, number of bolls per plant, seed-cotton weight per boll and seed-cotton yield ranged from 15.6 to 23.5, 4.7 1 to5. 1 1 gr. and 328 to 470 kg/da, respectively. The lowest values of generative characters were found in the non-treatment variant while, the highest values of seed-cotton yield and seed-cotton weight per boll were found in chemical fertilizer application Jor the other characters the highest values were found in common vetch + animal manure. According29 to the data obtained first hand picking and ginning percentages ranged from 7 1 to 87 %, 44.7 to 45.3 %, respectively. It is interesting that, organic and chemical fertilizer applications postponded the ripening date. TabIe-7: Plant Height, Seed-Cotton Yield and Technological Characters of Cotton, According to the Organic and Chemical Fertilizer Application Technological Characters: In the experiment fiber length (according to the length of % 50 and"% 2.5), fiber fineness and fiber strength ranged from 14. 15 to 14.81 mm. and 29.11-29.92 mm., 4.85 to 5.02 mic/ind. and 16.92-23.02 gr./tex, respectively. Statistical differences were not found with regard to fiber fineness and fiber strength between variants, but there were significant differences for fiber length. Positive effects of organic and chemical applications were seen on fiber length.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Pamuk, Cotton, Tarla bitkileri, Field crops
