İpekböceği (Bombyx mori L. ) biyolojisinde gözlenen kalıtsal karakterler ve somatik kromozomları hazırlama çalışmaları
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
1991
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
39 ÖZET Tekstil sanayinde önemli bir hammadde olan ipek, en fazla evcilleşti- rilmiş ipekböceği, Bombyx mori L. tarafından oluşturulmaktadır ki ipekböcek- çiliği başta Japonya ve Çin olmak özere birçok ülkede önemli bir seviyeye getirilmiştir. Genetiğin ve ipekböcekçi ligin ilerlemesi ile bu canlının genetiği çalı şılmağa başlanmış ve ipekböceğinin de genetik araştırmalar için uygun bir materyal olduğu görülmüştür. Böyle çalışmalarda temel prensip bu canlının yaşam şekline uymuş temel mutant karakterlerin belirlenmesidir. Bu çalışmada Bursa İpekböcekçi ligi Araştırma Enstitüsünden sağlanan diapozlu yumurtalar 27 C'de tutularak embriyonik gelişimi başlatılmış ve yaşam çemberi boyunca gözlenebilen temel kalıtsal karakterler belirlenmiştir. Ebeveyn dölünün yumurtaları diapozsuz, ikinci generasyon yumurtalar ise diapozlu ve diapozsuz elde edilmiştir. Diapozlu yumurtaların serozasında normalde kahverenkli olan pigmentasyon, bazan doğal bir mutasyonla kırmızı renkte gözlenmiştir. Başlangıçta siyah kıllı yapıda olan larvalar dört defa deri değiştirir ve bu gelişimle renkte önemli bir açılma görülür. Kalıtsal özellikli hilal ay deseni üçüncü instardan itibaren iki vücut segmentinde karakteristiktir. Fakat istisnai olarak desensiz ve pigmentasyonsuz albino formlar ortaya çıkmıştır. İpekböceği pupaları, genelde elipsoid koza içinde ve kahve renkli d ir. Fakat bazı mutantlarda pupa siyah renkli olup çıplak kalmıştır. Hibrid koza rengi beyaz olmasına rağmen Avrupa ırkından sarı koza elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca bazı durumda çift larvanın koza ördüğü gözlenmiştir. Kelebekler beyaz renklidir fakat bazı kanat mutantlarında vestigial ve kırık kanat özelliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu kelebeklerin bıraktıkları yumurtalar. histolojik incelemeğe alınmış ve blastoderm hücrelerinin senkronize düzende oluşmadığı gözlenmiştir. 3-4 günlük embriyodan karyotip analiz yöntemleriyle mitotik kromozomlar40 hazırlanarak ipekböceğinin somatik hücresine ait kromozom içerikleri belir lenmek istenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, ilerideki çalışmaların kromozom analizleri özerinde yoğunlaştırılması gerektiğini ve bu konuda henüz açıklanmamış bir çok husus olduğunu belirtir niteliktedir
41 SUMMARY Silk, an important raw material of textile industry, is for more commonly produced by the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L., among other arthropods. Sericulture has been developed into an important level as the silkworm has been reared in various countries, most abundantly in Japan and China. Silkworm genetics has been started in connection with the advancement of genetics and sericulture, on the other hand, the silkworm itself is considered to be very appropriate animal for the study of genetics. The main criteria of such study consists various noticeable mutant characteristics in relation to its life stye. In the present study the diapause, hybrid eggs were obtained from the Research Institute of Sericology, Bursa. Embryonic development was induced by incubation at 27 G and the main characteristics were observed during the life cycle. The eggs of parental generation were all non-diapausing, but, the second generation were either diapausing or non-diapausing. Diapause eggs were distinquished by brown pigmentation of seroza but, some were in red colour by natural mutation. Larval stage was characterized by black coloured, bristled newly - hatched ones with gradual lightening in the shade of colour, at this tetra- molting race. Heritable skin markings such as lunar patterns at crescent shape on two body segments, were clearly distinquished from the third instar onward. There were, however, some exceptional cases as in albino forms without any markings and pigmentations. Silkworm pupa was in general brown colour and hidden in an ellipsoid cocoons. But, there were mutants in which the colour was black and cocoon was not spinned. The cocoon colour was characteristically white, however, yellow cocoons were obtained from European race. Double cocoons were spinned by two silkworms.42 Moths were white in colour but there were mutants in wings such as vestigial and broken-end Eggs deposited by these adults were studied histologically and unsyn- cronized blastoderm cell formation was observed. Mitotic chromosomes of the embryos at 3-4 days of development were prepared by karyotype determining methods to discriminate chromosome constitution of the silkworm. All these findings suggested that it would be of considerable interest in future to concentrate on the choromosome analysis, on which many objectives are remained still to be clarified.
41 SUMMARY Silk, an important raw material of textile industry, is for more commonly produced by the domesticated silkworm, Bombyx mori L., among other arthropods. Sericulture has been developed into an important level as the silkworm has been reared in various countries, most abundantly in Japan and China. Silkworm genetics has been started in connection with the advancement of genetics and sericulture, on the other hand, the silkworm itself is considered to be very appropriate animal for the study of genetics. The main criteria of such study consists various noticeable mutant characteristics in relation to its life stye. In the present study the diapause, hybrid eggs were obtained from the Research Institute of Sericology, Bursa. Embryonic development was induced by incubation at 27 G and the main characteristics were observed during the life cycle. The eggs of parental generation were all non-diapausing, but, the second generation were either diapausing or non-diapausing. Diapause eggs were distinquished by brown pigmentation of seroza but, some were in red colour by natural mutation. Larval stage was characterized by black coloured, bristled newly - hatched ones with gradual lightening in the shade of colour, at this tetra- molting race. Heritable skin markings such as lunar patterns at crescent shape on two body segments, were clearly distinquished from the third instar onward. There were, however, some exceptional cases as in albino forms without any markings and pigmentations. Silkworm pupa was in general brown colour and hidden in an ellipsoid cocoons. But, there were mutants in which the colour was black and cocoon was not spinned. The cocoon colour was characteristically white, however, yellow cocoons were obtained from European race. Double cocoons were spinned by two silkworms.42 Moths were white in colour but there were mutants in wings such as vestigial and broken-end Eggs deposited by these adults were studied histologically and unsyn- cronized blastoderm cell formation was observed. Mitotic chromosomes of the embryos at 3-4 days of development were prepared by karyotype determining methods to discriminate chromosome constitution of the silkworm. All these findings suggested that it would be of considerable interest in future to concentrate on the choromosome analysis, on which many objectives are remained still to be clarified.
Açıklama
Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Zooloji, Zoology, Genetik, Genetics, Kalıtsal karakterler, Hereditary characteristics, Karyolojik özellikler, Karyological characteristics, İpek böceği, Silkworm
