Astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların öz-etkililiklerinin yaşam kalitesine etkisi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2015
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu araştırma; astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların öz-etkililiklerinin yaşam kalitesine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapılan bir tanımlayıcı alan araştırmasıdır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Hafsa Sultan Hastanesi Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Solunum-Alerji Polikliniği'nde takip edilen daha önce astım tanısı almış, 10-18 yaşları arasında, 137 astımlı çocuk ve adölesan oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın yürütülebilmesi için Ege Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Etik Kurul'undan, ve araştırmanın yapıldığı kurumdan yazılı, çocukların ailelerinden ise sözel izin alınmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından oluşturulan "Astımlı Çocuk ve Adölesan Bilgi Formu", poliklinik ziyaretlerinde astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların izleminde "Astımlı Çocuk ve Adölesanlar için Öz-Etkililik Ölçeği (AÇAÖÖ)" ve "Çocuklar İçin Astım Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (ÇAYKÖ)"kullanılmıştır. Ölçeklerin kullanılabilmesi için yazarlardan yazılı izin alınmıştır. Verilerin analizi SPSS for Windows 16.0 paket programında yapılmıştır. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler ortalama ± standart sapma; demografik değişkenler sayı ve yüzde; ölçekler ve alt boyutlar ise minimum-maksimum değerler olarak gösterilmiştir. Öz-etkililik ile yaşam kalitesi ve alt boyutları verilerinin incelemesinde korelasyon analizi yapılmıştır. İstatistiklerin anlamlılığı için yanılma düzeyi 0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların % 34.3'ü kız, % 65.7'si erkek, yaş ortalamaları 13.7±2.2'dir. Astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların %35.8'sinin evde, okulda, sokakta sigara dumanına maruz kaldığı; evde %21.2'sinin evcil hayvan beslediği; %77.4'ünün 1-50 ay arasında astım tanısı ile takip edildiği belirlenmiştir. Astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların % 19'unun son bir yılda astım nöbeti geçirdiği, %16.1' inin en az bir kez "orta" ve "hafif" şiddette astım nöbeti geçirdiği, %33.6'sının astım nedeniyle hastaneye yattığı ve %89.8'inin astım ilaçlarını düzenli kullandıkları belirlenmiştir. Astım nöbetini tetikleyen faktörlerin %34.3'ünde polenlerin, %27.7'sinde ev tozu akarının, %16.8'inde hayvanların olduğu saptanmıştır. Astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların hastalıkları süresince %36.5' inin astım eğitimi aldıkları ancak ailelerin %70.8'i aldıkları astım eğitiminin yeterli olmadığını belirtmişlerdir. Astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların %35.8'inde gündüz "öksürük", %30.7' sinde gece "öksürük" belirtileri varlığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca koşma, egzersiz ve fiziksel aktivite sonrasında %46'sının ataklarının (öksürük, nefes darlığı, hışıltı) olduğu görülmüştür. Astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların ÇAYKÖ puan ortalamaları; "belirtiler" puanı (55.16±1.30); "faaliyet kısıtlanması" puanı: (23.35±5.03); "duygusal işlev" puanı: (45.73±9.34) ve toplam "ÇAYKÖ" puanı (124.24±24.64) olarak, "Astımlı Çocuk ve Adölesanlar için Öz-Etkililik Ölçeği" puan ortalamaları; "tıbbi bilgiler puanı" (26.00±7.62); "çevresel faktörlere yönelik yönetim becerileri puanı" (30.53±5.21); "problem çözme becerileri puanı" (22.88±4.69) ve toplam "Astımlı Çocuk ve Adölesanlar için Öz-Etkililik Ölçeği" puanı ise (79.41±15.65) olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışmamızda astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların öz-etkililik düzeyleri ile yaşam kalitesi alt boyutu olan "belirtiler" (r: -0.083, p: 0.33) ve "toplam yaşam kalitesi" (r: -0.035, p:0.68) düzeyleri arasında negatif yönlü, çok zayıf ve anlamsız (p>0.05) bir ilişki saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların toplam yaşam kalitesi ve alt boyutlarının puanları orta ve üst düzeyde; öz-etkililik ve alt boyutlarının puanları ise orta düzeyde belirlenmiştir. Astımlı çocuk ve adölesanların öz-etkililik ve yaşam kalitelerinin arttırılması için tanı aşamasında başlayarak, hemşirelerin yazılı ve görsel eğitim materyali kullanarak bilgi vermeleri, eğitimlerin düzenli olarak sürdürülmesi ve bu eğitime mutlaka ailenin de katılması önerilmiştir
This descriptive study aimed to investigate the effect of self-efficacy of children and adolescents with asthma on their quality of life. The study sample included 137 children and adolescents previously diagnosed with asthma aged between 10-18 years old who were monitored by Respiratory-Allergy Clinic at Celal Bayar University Hafsa Sultan Hospital Pediatry Unit. A permission in writing was granted by Ege University Nursing Faculty Board of Ethics and Celal Bayar University Hafsa Sultan Hospital and oral assent was sought from the parents of children. The data collection tools were "Children and Adolescents with Asthma Information Form" which the researcher created, "A Self Efficacy Scale for Children and Adolescent with Asthma" at clinical visiting for monitoring children and adolescents with asthma and "Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ)". The scales were used with the written permission of the authors. The study data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows 16.0 program. Descriptive statistics were given as mean ± standard deviation; demographic variables were demonstrated as number and percentage; scales and subdimensions were shown as minimum-maximum values. The correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life and subdimension scores was analysed. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. The study results indicated that 34.3% of children and adolescents with asthma were girls and 65.7% of them were boys with a mean age of 13.7±2.2. It was noted that 35.8% of the children and adolescents with asthma were exposed to tobacco smoke at home, school, or on the streets and 21.2% of them were keeping pets at home; 77.4% of them were monitored with asthma diagnosis between1 to 50 months. It was stated that 19% of the children and adolescents with asthma had an asthma crisis within the last year and 16.1% of them had at least one "mild" or "moderate" asthma crisis; 33.6% of them were hospitalized for asthma and 89.8% of them were regularly using medication for asthma. It was determined that factors of triggering asthma crises were pollens (34.3%), house dust mites (27.7%), and pets (16.8%). It was suggested that 36.5% of the children and adolescents with asthma in the study were included in education programs, but 70.8% of the families considered these education programs to be inadequate. It was also reported that 35.8% of children and adolescents with asthma in the study had daytime "cough", 30.7% of them had nighttime "cough". Additionally it was observed that 46% of them had attacts (cough, dyspnea, wheezing) after running, exercise and physical activities. The mean scores of PAQLQ of children and adolescents with asthma "symptoms" was found to be (55.16±1.30); "activity confinement" score was (23.35±5.03); "emotional function" score was (45.73±9.34) and total "PAQLQ" score was (124.24±24.64). Moreover, the mean scores of "A Self Efficacy Scale for Children and Adolescent with Asthma"were analyzed and the study results also indicated that "medical knowledge" score was (26.00±7.62); "management skills of environmental factors" score was (30.53±5.21); "problem solving skills" score was (22.88±4.69) and total "A Self Efficacy Scale for Children and Adolescent with Asthma" score was found to be (79.41±15.65). In our study was determined that there was a negative, weak and insignificant correlation (p>0.05) between levels of self-efficacy of children and adolescents with asthma and symptoms which are subdimension of quality of life (r: -0.083, p: 0.33) and total quality of life (r: -0.035, p:0.68). In light of the study results, it was reported that scores of total quality of life of children and adolescents with asthma and its subdimensions were at moderate and high levels while scores of self-efficacy and its subdimensions were found to be at moderate levels. It was recommended that nurses inform children and adolescents with asthma with printed and visual education materials in order to increase levels of self-efficacy and quality of life as early as their initial diagnosis, which should certainly be maintained on a regular basis with the participation of their parents.
This descriptive study aimed to investigate the effect of self-efficacy of children and adolescents with asthma on their quality of life. The study sample included 137 children and adolescents previously diagnosed with asthma aged between 10-18 years old who were monitored by Respiratory-Allergy Clinic at Celal Bayar University Hafsa Sultan Hospital Pediatry Unit. A permission in writing was granted by Ege University Nursing Faculty Board of Ethics and Celal Bayar University Hafsa Sultan Hospital and oral assent was sought from the parents of children. The data collection tools were "Children and Adolescents with Asthma Information Form" which the researcher created, "A Self Efficacy Scale for Children and Adolescent with Asthma" at clinical visiting for monitoring children and adolescents with asthma and "Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ)". The scales were used with the written permission of the authors. The study data were analyzed with SPSS for Windows 16.0 program. Descriptive statistics were given as mean ± standard deviation; demographic variables were demonstrated as number and percentage; scales and subdimensions were shown as minimum-maximum values. The correlation between self-efficacy and quality of life and subdimension scores was analysed. The level of statistical significance was 0.05. The study results indicated that 34.3% of children and adolescents with asthma were girls and 65.7% of them were boys with a mean age of 13.7±2.2. It was noted that 35.8% of the children and adolescents with asthma were exposed to tobacco smoke at home, school, or on the streets and 21.2% of them were keeping pets at home; 77.4% of them were monitored with asthma diagnosis between1 to 50 months. It was stated that 19% of the children and adolescents with asthma had an asthma crisis within the last year and 16.1% of them had at least one "mild" or "moderate" asthma crisis; 33.6% of them were hospitalized for asthma and 89.8% of them were regularly using medication for asthma. It was determined that factors of triggering asthma crises were pollens (34.3%), house dust mites (27.7%), and pets (16.8%). It was suggested that 36.5% of the children and adolescents with asthma in the study were included in education programs, but 70.8% of the families considered these education programs to be inadequate. It was also reported that 35.8% of children and adolescents with asthma in the study had daytime "cough", 30.7% of them had nighttime "cough". Additionally it was observed that 46% of them had attacts (cough, dyspnea, wheezing) after running, exercise and physical activities. The mean scores of PAQLQ of children and adolescents with asthma "symptoms" was found to be (55.16±1.30); "activity confinement" score was (23.35±5.03); "emotional function" score was (45.73±9.34) and total "PAQLQ" score was (124.24±24.64). Moreover, the mean scores of "A Self Efficacy Scale for Children and Adolescent with Asthma"were analyzed and the study results also indicated that "medical knowledge" score was (26.00±7.62); "management skills of environmental factors" score was (30.53±5.21); "problem solving skills" score was (22.88±4.69) and total "A Self Efficacy Scale for Children and Adolescent with Asthma" score was found to be (79.41±15.65). In our study was determined that there was a negative, weak and insignificant correlation (p>0.05) between levels of self-efficacy of children and adolescents with asthma and symptoms which are subdimension of quality of life (r: -0.083, p: 0.33) and total quality of life (r: -0.035, p:0.68). In light of the study results, it was reported that scores of total quality of life of children and adolescents with asthma and its subdimensions were at moderate and high levels while scores of self-efficacy and its subdimensions were found to be at moderate levels. It was recommended that nurses inform children and adolescents with asthma with printed and visual education materials in order to increase levels of self-efficacy and quality of life as early as their initial diagnosis, which should certainly be maintained on a regular basis with the participation of their parents.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Allerji ve İmmünoloji, Allergy and Immunology, Hemşirelik, Nursing