İndirekt, direkt ve prefabrik vener materyallerin renklenmelerinin ve yüzey özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Amaç: İndirekt seramik ve indirect hibrit seramik bloklar, prefabrik ve direkt kompozit rezinden yapılmış olan örneklerin uzun dönemli kahve solüsyonunda bekletilmesi sonrasında oluşan renk değişiklikerinin saptanması ve minimal invaziv yöntemler ile bu renklenmelerin ne oranda giderilebildiğinin belirlenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada kullanılan materyaller; bir direkt kompozit rezin (Harmonize-Kerr), iki prefabrik kompozit rezin (Brillant Componeer-Coltène, ve Edelweiss- Edelweiss Dentistry), bir hibrit seramik blok (Cerasmart270-GC) ve bir adet zirkonyum ile güçlendirilmiş lityum-silikat blok (CeltraDuo Dentsply Sirona) idi. Her grupta toplam 25 adet sağ üst orta keser diş formu verilmiş olan örnekler kullanıldı. İndirekt CAD/CAM bloklar CEREC cihazında frezlendi ve mekanik cilalama veya glazür tabakası ile bitirildi; direkt kompozit rezin örnekler, şeffaf şablonlar (U-veneer-Ultradent) ve Smile-Line (Style-Italiano) silikon kalıplar yardımı ile hazırlandı. Prefabrik venerler ise üretildikleri şekilde doğrudan kullanıldı. Örneklerin başlangıç renk ölçümleri SpectroShade Micro (Medical High Technologies, Milano, İtalya) cihazı ile yapıldı ve sonrasında iki ay süre ile oda sıcaklığında kahve solüsyonunda bekletildiler. Renklendirme süreci sonunda, elmas partiküllü bir cilalama pastası yardımıyla minimal invaziv olarak renklenmelerin giderilmesine çalışıldı. Renk ölçümleri ilk ay her hafta, sonra 2. ayda ve tekrar cilalama sonrasında yapıldı. Elde edilen tüm renk ölçümleri hesaplanarak renk değişim oranları (?E) belirlendi. Her gruptan bir örneğin yüzeyi, olası çizikler veya partikül kopmalarının gözlenmesi için, başlangıçta ve cilalama sonrasında taramalı elektron mikroskop (SEM) ile incelendi. Veriler istatistiksel olarak multivariate ANOVA, post-hoc Tamhane ve t-testi ile değerlendirildi (p<0.05). Bulgular: Çalışma süresi olan 2 ay boyunca kahvede bekletilen tüm örneklerin renk değişimleri (?E) anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). En az renk değişimi gösteren gruplar Cerasmart270 ve Cerasmart270-G grupları oldu ancak aralarındaki fark ve diğer tüm gruplar ile olan farkları istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulundu (p<0.05). Harmonize ve glazürlü CeltraDuo grupları eşit düzeyde renk değişimi gösterdi. Gruplar arasında en fazla renklenenler, cilalama yapılması firmaları tarafından önerilmeyen prefabrik vener ve şeffaf şablonlu gruplar oldu. Bu renk değişimleri (?E) en fazladan en aza doğru sırasıyla: Edelweiss, Brillant Componeer ve Harmonize U-veneer gruplarında gerçekleşti. Çalışma süresince, Brillant Componeer ve Edelweiss grupları ve Harmonize U-veneer ile Brillant Componeer grupları arasındaki fark anlamsız bulundu. Tekrar yapılan cilalama ile renk geri dönüşü gruplara göre farklı olmakla birlikte; 3. ve 2. hafta değerlerine yaklaştı. Grupların yüzey özellikleri, ince çizikler dışında pasta cilalamadan etkilenmedi. Sonuç: Uzun dönemli renklenmeyi önlemek için; hibrit seramik Cerasmart270 bloklar mekanik olarak cilalanmalıdır, Harmonize kompozit rezin restorasyonlara doğru bir mekanik cilalama yapılmalıdır, seramik CeltraDuo bloklar glazürlenmelidir ve prefabrik venerler ile şeffaf şablonlarla yapılan kompozit rezin venerler mutlaka mekanik olarak cilalanmalıdır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Vener, prefabrik venerler, şeffaf şablonlar, kompozit rezin, renk değişimi, CAD/CAM blok
Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the color changes occurred on samples fabricated by indirect ceramic and hybrid ceramic blocks, prefabricated and direct resin composites after long-term immersion in coffee solution and to what degree these discolorations could be removed by minimal invasive procedures. Material and Method: One direct resin composite (Harmonize-Kerr), two prefabricated resin composites (Brillant Componeer-Coltène and Edelweiss-Edelweiss Dentistry), one hybrid ceramic block (Cerasmart270- GC) and one zirconia reinforced lithium silicate block (CeltraDuo-DentsplySirona) were used. 25 samples shaped as an upper right central incisors were used for each group. Indirect CAD/CAM blocks were machined and polished mechanically or by a glaze layer while the direct resin composite specimens were prepared by the aid of transparent patterns (U-veneer-Ultradent) or Smile-Line silicone mold (Style-Italiano). The prefabricated veneers were used as they were manufactured. After the baseline color-measurement performed by a spectrophotometer (SpectroShade Micro, Medical High Technologies, Milano, Italy), the specimens were immersed in coffee solution for two months at room temperature. After the discoloration period, the specimens were polished with a diamond polishing paste for removing the occurred discolorations by minimal invasive procedures. The color measurements were undertaken every week until the first month, at 2-month and after repolishing. The repeated color measurements were calculated to obtain the color changes (?E) ratios. One specimen per group was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the polishing procedures to observe any possible scratches or particle dislocations due to polishing procedures. All data were statistically analyzed by multivariate ANOVA, posthoc Tamhane and t- test (p<0.05). Results: The color change (?E) of all samples kept in coffee for 2 months was found to be significant (p<0.05). The groups with the least color changes were Cerasmart270 and Cerasmart270-G groups however, the difference between them and with all other groups were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Harmonize and glazed CeltraDuo groups showed equal color change. Among the groups, the most colored ones were the prefabricated veneers and transparent pattern groups that were not recommended to be polished by their manufacturers. These color changes (?E) occurred from highest to lowest as follow: Edelweiss, Brillant Componeer and Harmonize U-veneer groups. The difference between Brillant Componeer and Edelweiss groups and Harmonize U-veneer and Brillant Componeer groups were found to be non-significant. The color restitution after polishing was found to be different for all the groups but close to 3rd and 2nd week values. Beside some minor scratches, the surface of all the groups was not affected by the paste polishing procedures. Conclusion: For avoiding long-term discolorations: hybrid ceramic Cerasmant270 blocks need to be mechanically polished; Harmonize resin composite need to be properly polished; ceramic Celtra Duo blocks need to be glazed; prefabricated veneers and transparent pattern formed resin composites need to be mechanically polished. Keywords: Veneers, prefabricated veneers, transparent pattern, resin composite, color change, CAD/CAM blocks
Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the color changes occurred on samples fabricated by indirect ceramic and hybrid ceramic blocks, prefabricated and direct resin composites after long-term immersion in coffee solution and to what degree these discolorations could be removed by minimal invasive procedures. Material and Method: One direct resin composite (Harmonize-Kerr), two prefabricated resin composites (Brillant Componeer-Coltène and Edelweiss-Edelweiss Dentistry), one hybrid ceramic block (Cerasmart270- GC) and one zirconia reinforced lithium silicate block (CeltraDuo-DentsplySirona) were used. 25 samples shaped as an upper right central incisors were used for each group. Indirect CAD/CAM blocks were machined and polished mechanically or by a glaze layer while the direct resin composite specimens were prepared by the aid of transparent patterns (U-veneer-Ultradent) or Smile-Line silicone mold (Style-Italiano). The prefabricated veneers were used as they were manufactured. After the baseline color-measurement performed by a spectrophotometer (SpectroShade Micro, Medical High Technologies, Milano, Italy), the specimens were immersed in coffee solution for two months at room temperature. After the discoloration period, the specimens were polished with a diamond polishing paste for removing the occurred discolorations by minimal invasive procedures. The color measurements were undertaken every week until the first month, at 2-month and after repolishing. The repeated color measurements were calculated to obtain the color changes (?E) ratios. One specimen per group was examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the polishing procedures to observe any possible scratches or particle dislocations due to polishing procedures. All data were statistically analyzed by multivariate ANOVA, posthoc Tamhane and t- test (p<0.05). Results: The color change (?E) of all samples kept in coffee for 2 months was found to be significant (p<0.05). The groups with the least color changes were Cerasmart270 and Cerasmart270-G groups however, the difference between them and with all other groups were found statistically significant (p<0.05). Harmonize and glazed CeltraDuo groups showed equal color change. Among the groups, the most colored ones were the prefabricated veneers and transparent pattern groups that were not recommended to be polished by their manufacturers. These color changes (?E) occurred from highest to lowest as follow: Edelweiss, Brillant Componeer and Harmonize U-veneer groups. The difference between Brillant Componeer and Edelweiss groups and Harmonize U-veneer and Brillant Componeer groups were found to be non-significant. The color restitution after polishing was found to be different for all the groups but close to 3rd and 2nd week values. Beside some minor scratches, the surface of all the groups was not affected by the paste polishing procedures. Conclusion: For avoiding long-term discolorations: hybrid ceramic Cerasmant270 blocks need to be mechanically polished; Harmonize resin composite need to be properly polished; ceramic Celtra Duo blocks need to be glazed; prefabricated veneers and transparent pattern formed resin composites need to be mechanically polished. Keywords: Veneers, prefabricated veneers, transparent pattern, resin composite, color change, CAD/CAM blocks
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Diş Hekimliği, Dentistry, CAD/CAM, CAD/CAM, Diş kaplamaları, Dental veneers, Diş renk değişikliği, Tooth discoloration, Kompozit reçineler, Composite resins, Yüzey özellikleri, Surface properties