Evde bakım hastalarına bakım veren kişilerde depresyon bulgusu ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin incelenmesi
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2022
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Ege Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Amaç: İzmir Bozyaka Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Evde Sağlık Hizmetleri tarafından takipli olan yakınlarına ev ortamında bakım veren kişilerde depresyon bulgusu ve tükenmişlik düzeylerini belirlemek ve ilişkili etmenlerin saptanmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte yürütülen bu çalışmanın evrenini İzmir Bozyaka Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Evde Sağlık Hizmetleri birimine kayıtlı ve bakımını üstlenen bir aile üyesine sahip 2502 birey oluşturmuştur. Örneklem büyüklüğü %50 prevalans, %95 güven aralığı, %5 hata payı ile 333 kişi olarak hesaplanmış, hedeflenen kişi sayısının %86'sına (n= 288) ulaşılabilmiştir. Çalışmanın bağımlı değişkenleri depresyon bulgusu varlığı ve tükenmişlik durumudur. Depresyon bulgusu için Beck ve ark.'ları tarafından erişkin ve adolesanların depresyon bulgularını ölçmek amacıyla geliştirilen Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE) kullanılmıştır. Tükenmişlik durumu, Maslach ve Jackson tarafından geliştirilen Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği (MTÖ) ile ölçülmüştür. Bakım veren kişinin ve alan kişinin özellikleri, bakım verilen hane ve verilen bakım ile ilgili özellikler bağımsız değişkenleri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri anket ve ölçek aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Tüm bağımsız değişkenler için tanımlayıcı istatistikler hesaplanmıştır. Veri analizinde ki-kare testinin yanı sıra Mann Whitney U, Spearman Rho korelasyon testi, Lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 52,74± 10,62 olup %74,3'ü kadınlardan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılanların %66'sı eşinin olduğunu ve bu kişilerin de %96'sı eşiyle beraber yaşadığını bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların yarısı bakım verenlerin kızı iken dörtte biri oğludur. Bakım verenlerin %38,4'ü ilkokul mezunu olup %39,2'si ev hanımı, %15,6' sı işsiz ve %27,4'ü emeklidir. Bakım sürecinde katılımcılar arasında her beş kişiden dördü kısıtlanma hissi yaşamış, %67,7'sinin kendine ayırdığı zaman azalmış ve yaklaşık yarısının sosyal ilişkileri azalmıştır. Yaşanılan hanelerde %45,1 oranında gelir gidere denk ve yaklaşık yarısında bakım alan yaşlının giderleri kendi geliriyle karşılanmaktadır. Katılımcıların %86,8'i gün içerisinde 12 saatten daha fazla süreyle bakım vermektedir. Kadın cinsiyete sahip katılımcılarda, eğitim durumu ilkokul ve altı olanlarda, eşi ile birlikte yaşayanlarda, sosyal güvencesi olanlarda, bakım verdikleri kişilerin giderlerini devlet yardımıyla karşılayanlarda ve kiracı olanlarda MTÖ puanı daha yüksek saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Bunlara ek olarak, bakım verenlerin kendine ayırdıkları zamanı az olanlarda, hanedeki kişi ve çocuk sayısının daha çok olduğu durumda, kiracı olanlarda ve devlet tarafından bakım ücreti alanlarda MTÖ puanının daha yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Bakım verenlerde BDE'ye göre %43,1'inde depresyon bulgusunun olmadığı görülürken, %21,9'unda hafif depresyon bulgusu, %30,2 orta düzeyde depresyon bulgusu, %4,9'unda şiddetli depresyon bulgusu saptanmıştır. Kadın katılımcılarda, 65 ve üzeri yaş dilimindeki bakım verenlerde, eğitim düzeyi ilkokul ve altı olanlarda, birinci derece akrabasına bakım verenlerde, eşi ile birlikte yaşayanlarda, sosyal güvencesi olanlarda ve bakım verme konusunda eğitim alanlarda depresyon bulgusunun daha yaygın olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0,05). Bakım sürecinde kısıtlanma yaşayanlarda, kendine ayırdığı zamanı az olanlarda ve sosyal ilişkileri az olanlarda depresyon bulgusunun daha yaygın olduğu görülmüştür (p<0,05). MTÖ puanı ile BDE puanı arasında orta derecede pozitif yönlü korelasyon tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Evde bakım verme işi genellikle uzun bir süreç olup, ağırlıklı olarak bakım alanın birinci derece yakını olan genç kadınlar tarafından üstlenilmektedir. Bakım verme süreci, bakım verenlerin sosyal yaşantılarını daraltmakta, çalışma imkanlarını azaltmakta ve kısıtlanma hislerini pekiştirerek tükenmişlik ve depresyon görülme riskini arttırmaktadır. Bu durumun önüne geçilmesi için evde bakım hizmetlerinin de entegre edildiği, bakım verenlerin hasta ile birlikte ele alınarak yalnızlaştırılmadığı, sosyal ve psikolojik açıdan da desteklerin sağlandığı bir evde sağlık sunumu gerekmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler; Evde bakım; Tükenmişlik; Depresyon
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the levels of depression and burnout, and their relation with other factors within the caregivers who take care of their relatives at home, and who are followed by İzmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital Medical Home unit. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consists of 2502 individuals each of who have a registered family member to the İzmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital Medical Home unit. The sample size was calculated as 333 people with 50% prevalence, 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error, and 86% (n=288) of the targeted number have been reached. The presence of signs of depression and burnout are the dependent variables of the study. In order to analyze depression symptoms, The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which was developed by Beck et. al. to measure depression symptoms of adolescents and adults, had been used. The burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which was developed by Maslach and Jackson. The characteristics of the caregiver and the patient, the qualities of the house and the caregiving process are the independent variables of the study. The data was collected through questionnaires and the scale. For all the independent variables, descriptive statistics were calculated. For data analysis, in addition to the chi-square test were used the Mann Whitney U, Spearman Rho correlation test, and Logistical regression analysis. Results: The average age of the participants is 52.74± 10.62, and 74.3% of them are women. 66% of the respondents stated they have a spouse and 96% of them live together. Half of the participants are the daughters of the patients, while a quarter are the sons. 38.4% of the caregivers are graduated from primary school, 39.2% are housewives, 15.6% are unemployed and 27.4% are retired. During the caregiving process, each four participant out of five experienced a sense of restriction, 67.7% of them had less time for themselves, and about half of them had less social relations. In the households, 45.1% of the participants have equal income to their expenses, and about half of the patients' expenses are covered by their own income. 86.8% of the caregivers provide more than 12 hours of care within a day. Female participants who are with primary school education and below, who live with their spouses, who have social security, who pay the expenses of the patients with the help of the state, and those who were tenants found to have higher MBI score (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that in the caregivers who have less time for themselves, when the number of people and children in the household was higher, and those who were tenants and received care fees from the state are found to have higher MBI score (p<0.05). According to BDI scores, 43.1% of caregivers had no signs of depression, while 21.9% had mild depression, 30.2% had moderate depression, and 4.9% had severe depression. It has been determined that the depression is more common in female caregivers, caregivers aged 65 and over, caregivers those with primary school education and below, those who care for their first-degree relatives, those who live with their spouses, those who have social security and those who receive training in caregiving (p<0, 05). It was observed that depression is more common in caregivers who feel restricted, those who had little time for themselves and those who had little social relations (p<0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between MBI score and BDI score. Concluison: Home care is usually a long process and is predominantly undertaken by young women who are first-degree relatives of the patients. The caregiving process restricts the caregivers' social lives, reduces their work opportunities, and increases the risk of burnout and depression by empowering the sense of restriction of the caregivers. In order to prevent this situation, a home health service is required in which home care services are integrated, where caregivers and patients are dealt together and caregivers are not isolated, and social and psychological support is provided. Key Words: Home care, Burn Out, Depression
Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the levels of depression and burnout, and their relation with other factors within the caregivers who take care of their relatives at home, and who are followed by İzmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital Medical Home unit. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study consists of 2502 individuals each of who have a registered family member to the İzmir Bozyaka Education and Research Hospital Medical Home unit. The sample size was calculated as 333 people with 50% prevalence, 95% confidence interval and 5% margin of error, and 86% (n=288) of the targeted number have been reached. The presence of signs of depression and burnout are the dependent variables of the study. In order to analyze depression symptoms, The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which was developed by Beck et. al. to measure depression symptoms of adolescents and adults, had been used. The burnout was measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) which was developed by Maslach and Jackson. The characteristics of the caregiver and the patient, the qualities of the house and the caregiving process are the independent variables of the study. The data was collected through questionnaires and the scale. For all the independent variables, descriptive statistics were calculated. For data analysis, in addition to the chi-square test were used the Mann Whitney U, Spearman Rho correlation test, and Logistical regression analysis. Results: The average age of the participants is 52.74± 10.62, and 74.3% of them are women. 66% of the respondents stated they have a spouse and 96% of them live together. Half of the participants are the daughters of the patients, while a quarter are the sons. 38.4% of the caregivers are graduated from primary school, 39.2% are housewives, 15.6% are unemployed and 27.4% are retired. During the caregiving process, each four participant out of five experienced a sense of restriction, 67.7% of them had less time for themselves, and about half of them had less social relations. In the households, 45.1% of the participants have equal income to their expenses, and about half of the patients' expenses are covered by their own income. 86.8% of the caregivers provide more than 12 hours of care within a day. Female participants who are with primary school education and below, who live with their spouses, who have social security, who pay the expenses of the patients with the help of the state, and those who were tenants found to have higher MBI score (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that in the caregivers who have less time for themselves, when the number of people and children in the household was higher, and those who were tenants and received care fees from the state are found to have higher MBI score (p<0.05). According to BDI scores, 43.1% of caregivers had no signs of depression, while 21.9% had mild depression, 30.2% had moderate depression, and 4.9% had severe depression. It has been determined that the depression is more common in female caregivers, caregivers aged 65 and over, caregivers those with primary school education and below, those who care for their first-degree relatives, those who live with their spouses, those who have social security and those who receive training in caregiving (p<0, 05). It was observed that depression is more common in caregivers who feel restricted, those who had little time for themselves and those who had little social relations (p<0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between MBI score and BDI score. Concluison: Home care is usually a long process and is predominantly undertaken by young women who are first-degree relatives of the patients. The caregiving process restricts the caregivers' social lives, reduces their work opportunities, and increases the risk of burnout and depression by empowering the sense of restriction of the caregivers. In order to prevent this situation, a home health service is required in which home care services are integrated, where caregivers and patients are dealt together and caregivers are not isolated, and social and psychological support is provided. Key Words: Home care, Burn Out, Depression
Açıklama
13.03.2023 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır
Anahtar Kelimeler
Halk Sağlığı, Public Health
