Geometrik ve bitkisel bezemeli klazomenai lahitleri
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Tarih
2016
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Ege üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Klazomenai lahitleri yapıldıkları ham madde, form ve bezemelerindeki kendine özgü stil ile sıradışı üretimler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. En yoğun olarak ele geçtikleri kent olan Klazomenai nedeniyle de arkeoloji litaratürüne "Klazomenai Lahitleri" olarak geçmiştir. Klazomenai lahitlerinden söz ederken ilk akla gelen basit dikdörtgen tekne formlu veya trapezoidal formlu ve figür bezemeli lahitlerdir. Ancak Klazomenai lahitleri kanonik forma ulaşmadan önce görülen, öncü diyebileceğimiz ve standart formu hazırlayan lahitler söz konusudur. Çalışmanın konusunu oluşturan lahitler tüm bu serinin bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmesi bakımından önemlidir. Eldeki çalışma sadece basit bezemeler olarak da nitelendirilen, geometrik ve bitkisel bezemeli Klazomenai lahitlerini kapsayacak şekilde sınırlandırılmıştır. Lahitlerin form, bezeme ve kronolojileri hakkında Akpınar ve Yıldıztepe nekropolisleri en değerli verileri sağlayan mezarlık alanları olmuştur. Bu veriler R.M. Cook'un Klazomenai nekropolisleri henüz kazılmadan önce belirlemiş olduğu tipolojinin ve kronolojinin geçerliliğini yitirmesine neden olmuştur. 7. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden itibaren hem figürlü hem de geometrik ve bitkisel bezemeye sahip lahitler, çeşitli formlarda birlikte görülmeye başlamıştır. Klazomenai'de lahit geleneğinin Mısır ile ilişkiler sonucu ortaya çıkmış olabileceği geçerliliğini korusa da Minos ve Myken kültürünün Klazomenaili'leri Mısır kültüründen önce etkilemiş olabileceği önerilmiştir. Pişmiş toprak lahit kullanımının Karia bölgesinde de protogeometrik ve Geometrik dönemlerde görülmesi, bu geleneğin Batı Anadolu'da daha önceden bilindiğine işaret etmektedir. Ayrıca Myken mezarlarında 2. binin ortalarına tarihlenen ahşap sandukalar ve Korinth'te erken geometrik döneme tarihlenen taş lahitler, lahit geleneğinin sadece Mısır'a özgü bir uygulama olmadığını, erken dönemlerden beri Hellen dünyasında bilinen bir uygulama olduğunu göstermektedir. Geometrik ve bitkisel bezemelere sahip olan lahitler, üç ana form ve bezemelerine göre de altı tip altında, alt tiplerine ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Bezemeler köken ve ikonografik bakımdan da ele alınmıştır. Bilinen lahit ressamlarına ait olabilecek yeni lahitler repertuara eklenmiştir. Geometrik ve bitkisel bezemeli Klazomenai lahitleri, 7. yüzyılın son çeyreğinden 5. yüzyılın sonuna kadar figür bezemeli lahitlerle birlikte kullanılmıştır.
Clazomenian Sarcophagi are unique manufactures in their use of raw materials and idiosyncratic forms and decorations. "Clazomenian Sarcophagi" are named after the archaeological site of Clazomenai, where they have been most densely discovered. The prominent features of the Clazomenian Sarcophagi are simple rectangular basin forms or trapezoidal forms, and figural decorations; however, before they took this canonical form, there were sarcophagi, which can be considered precursors and made up this standard form. Focusing on the Clazomenian Sarcophagi, this research is significant due to the investigation of the series as a whole. This study will be limited to include the Clazomenian Sarcophagi with geometric and floral motifs that are characterized as simple decoration. The Akpınar and Yıldıztepe necropoleis have been the most valuable cemeteries in providing information regarding forms, decorations, and chronologies of the Clazomenian Sarcophagi. New data from these cemeteries led to the invalidation of the typology and chronology established by R.M. Cook before the excavations of the Clazomenian necropoleis. Sarcophagi with geometric and floral decorations and figural sarcophagi appear together in various forms from the last quarter of the 7th century BC onwards. Although the assertion that the emergence of Clazomenian sarcophagus tradition is a result of interactions with Egypt still survives, this research suggests the possibility of early influences of the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures on the Clazomenians, before the Egyptians. The corpus of terracotta sarcophagi in Caria in the Protogeometric and Geometric periods points that sarcophagus production was previously known in western Anatolia. Besides, wooden coffins of the mid-second millennium BC in the Mycenaean graves and the stone sarcophagi of the early Geometric period at Corinth indicate that sarcophagus tradition is not only specific to Egyptian burial practices, but also known in the Hellenic world early on. In this research, sarcophagi with geometric and floral decorations are investigated under three main forms and six sub-types of decoration. Decorations are discussed based on their origins and iconography. New sarcophagi that might have been works of previously recognized painters are also added to the repertoire. Clazomenian sarcophagi with geometric and floral decorations were used alongside those with figural imagery from the last quarter of the 7th century BC until the end of the 5th century BC.
Clazomenian Sarcophagi are unique manufactures in their use of raw materials and idiosyncratic forms and decorations. "Clazomenian Sarcophagi" are named after the archaeological site of Clazomenai, where they have been most densely discovered. The prominent features of the Clazomenian Sarcophagi are simple rectangular basin forms or trapezoidal forms, and figural decorations; however, before they took this canonical form, there were sarcophagi, which can be considered precursors and made up this standard form. Focusing on the Clazomenian Sarcophagi, this research is significant due to the investigation of the series as a whole. This study will be limited to include the Clazomenian Sarcophagi with geometric and floral motifs that are characterized as simple decoration. The Akpınar and Yıldıztepe necropoleis have been the most valuable cemeteries in providing information regarding forms, decorations, and chronologies of the Clazomenian Sarcophagi. New data from these cemeteries led to the invalidation of the typology and chronology established by R.M. Cook before the excavations of the Clazomenian necropoleis. Sarcophagi with geometric and floral decorations and figural sarcophagi appear together in various forms from the last quarter of the 7th century BC onwards. Although the assertion that the emergence of Clazomenian sarcophagus tradition is a result of interactions with Egypt still survives, this research suggests the possibility of early influences of the Minoan and Mycenaean cultures on the Clazomenians, before the Egyptians. The corpus of terracotta sarcophagi in Caria in the Protogeometric and Geometric periods points that sarcophagus production was previously known in western Anatolia. Besides, wooden coffins of the mid-second millennium BC in the Mycenaean graves and the stone sarcophagi of the early Geometric period at Corinth indicate that sarcophagus tradition is not only specific to Egyptian burial practices, but also known in the Hellenic world early on. In this research, sarcophagi with geometric and floral decorations are investigated under three main forms and six sub-types of decoration. Decorations are discussed based on their origins and iconography. New sarcophagi that might have been works of previously recognized painters are also added to the repertoire. Clazomenian sarcophagi with geometric and floral decorations were used alongside those with figural imagery from the last quarter of the 7th century BC until the end of the 5th century BC.
