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    Autotransplantation of a Maxillary Premolar to Replace a Central Incisor: A Seven-Year Follow-Up
    (Amer Acad Pediatric Dentistry, 2022) Yetkiner, Enver; Arıkan, Fatih; Çelik, Handan; Pamuk, Ceren; Ersin, Nazan
    Purpose: To discuss the transplantation of a maxillary premolar to replace a maxillary central incisor in a seven-year follow-up period. Methods: An avulsed permanent maxillary central incisor was reimplanted by a pediatric dentist but it presented progressive external root resorption. Transplantation of the maxillary right first premolar was planned, as the patient presented a Class II malocclusion with increased overjet that would be treated with extractions of the maxillary premolars. Results: The transplanted tooth did not present any negative symptoms other than discoloration, which was treated with bleaching for three years. At the end of a threeyear follow-up period, a full ceramic restoration was done to improve translucency properties to provide better esthetics. The transplanted tooth presented healthy periapical and periodontal tissues in both clinical and radiographic examinations at the end of the seven-year follow-up period. Conclusions: Autotransplantation of maxillary premolars can be a viable alternative to provide adequate physiologic and esthetic components for avulsed and reimplanted permanent incisors that presented unsuccessful results.
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    Comparative evaluation of fluoride varnishes, self-assembling peptide-based remineralization agent, and enamel matrix protein derivative on artificial enamel remineralization in vitro
    (Springer, 2021) Lena Sezici, Yagmur; Yetkiner, Enver; Aykut Yetkiner, Arzu; Eden, Ece; Attin, Rengin
    Background One of the most unfavorable side effects of fixed orthodontic treatment is white spot lesions (WSLs). Although the most important approach is prevention of WSLs, it is also essential to evaluate the efficacy of the remineralization agents. However, there is no concurrence in the literature with respect to the remineralization process of these agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different fluoride varnishes, enamel matrix protein, and self-assembling peptide derivatives with varying chemical compositions on remineralization of artificially created WSLs in vitro using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Methods Artificial WSLs were created on bovine enamel samples using acidic buffer solution (pH 5, 10 days). Specimens were randomly allocated to six groups (n = 10/group): (1) Emdogain (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland), (2) Curodont Repair (Credentis AG, Switzerland), (3) Duraphat (Colgate-Palmolive, New York, NY), (4) Clinpro XT (3 M ESPE, Pymble, New South Wales, Australia), (5) Enamel Pro Varnish (Premier Dental Products, PA, USA), and (6) control (untreated). The agents were applied to the WSLs according to the manufacturers' instructions. Fluorescence loss (Delta F), lesion area (area), and impact (Delta Q) values of enamel surfaces were quantified by QLF-D Biluminator(TM) (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) at baseline and after 7, 14, and 21 days of application of the respective materials. Results Delta F value presented a significantly decreasing trend throughout the 21 days for all groups except the Duraphat and Enamel Pro varnishes. The changes between 14th and 21st days of the Clinpro XT varnish application were significantly higher than Emdogain, Curodont, and Enamel Pro. The Curodont group showed higher lesion area changes between the first and second week in comparison to the Emdogain, Clinpro XT, and Enamel Pro groups, whereas Clinpro XT assured the highest reduction from the second to the third week of the observation period. Conclusions The fluorescence loss was significantly reduced with enamel matrix protein, self-assembling peptide, and light-curable fluoride varnishes in the analysis for 21 days. Curodont and Clinpro XT were effective in diminishing the fluorescence loss and lesion area compared to the Duraphat, Enamel Pro fluoride varnishes, and Emdogain in different time points.
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    Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics
    (Aves Press Ltd, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Yetkiner, Enver
    The advent of three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology has caused a significant change in the diagnostic approach practiced in dentistry, and in particular, orthodontics. Although conventional imaging methods such as orthopantomography and lateral cephalometric and anteroposterior graphs provide sufficient information in mild to moderate orthodontic anomalies, 3D imaging can be a necessity in severe skeletal anomalies or tooth impactions. Computed tomography (CT) has been frequently used when detailed 3D imaging is necessary despite its relatively high cost, low vertical resolution, and high dose of radiation. In contrast to conventional CT application, the development of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) technology has had important advantages over the conventional method, such as minimization of the radiation dose, image accuracy, rapid scan time, fewer image artifacts, chair-side image display, and real-time analysis. These advantages have provided dental practitioners the opportunity to benefit more frequently from 3D imaging by relatively diminishing radiation dose considerations, financial burden, and availability, in particular. Therefore, the aim of this review is to highlight the current understanding of CBCT practice in orthodontics and to summarize clinically relevant conditions.
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    Could readily silanized silica particles substitute silica coating and silanization in conditioning zirconium dioxide for resin adhesion?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Ozcan, Mutlu; Yetkiner, Enver
    This study investigated the effect of particle types with different morphology and surface properties on the wettability and adhesion of resin cement to zirconia. Zirconia specimens (5 x 5 x 1 mm(3)) were wet polished. Specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following protocols (N = 36, n = 9 per group): Group CON: Control, no surface conditioning; Group AL: Chairside air-abrasion with aluminium trioxide (50 mu m Al2O3) + silane; Group SIL: Chairside air-abrasion with alumina particles coated with silica (SIL) (30 mu m SiO2, SilJet) + air-drying + silane; Group 4: Chairside air-abrasion with readily silanized silica particles (SILP) (30 mu m SiO2, SilJet Plus). Adhesive resin was applied and resin cement (Variolink II, Ivoclar) was bonded using polyethylene moulds and photo-polymerized and aged (thermocycling, 6.000 cycles, 5-55 degrees C). Shear bond test was performed using Universal Testing Machine (1 mm/min). Pretest failures were considered 0 MPa. Contact angle measurements were performed (n = 2/group, sessile drop with water). Data (MPa) were analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey's (alpha = 0.05). Two-parameter Weibull distribution values including the Weibull modulus, scale (m) and shape (0), values were calculated. Contact angle measurements were in descending order as follows: SIL (74 degrees)(c) < CON (60 degrees)(c) < AL (51 degrees)(b) < SILP (40 degrees)(a). Bond strength (MPa) with SIL (17.2 +/- 4)(a) and SILP (17.3 +/- 1.9)(a) demonstrated no significant difference (p > 0.05), being higher than AL (8.4 +/- 1.5)(b) and CON (0)(c) (p < 0.05). Failure types were exclusively adhesive in all groups. Weibull distribution presented the highest shape (0) for SILP (10.8). SILP presented better wettability than AL. SILP provided similar bond strength to SIL. Readily silanized silica particles may substitute for conventional silica coating and silanization.
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    Do Adhesive Flash-free Brackets Affect Bacterial Plaque in Patients with Adequate Oral Hygiene? A Randomised Controlled Clinical and Microbiological Assessment
    (Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2019) Yetkiner, Enver; Gurlek, Onder; Isik, Abdulkadir; Lappin, David F.; Buduneli, Nurcan
    Purpose: To compare adhesive flash-free (FF) and adhesive pre-coated (APC) brackets in terms of plaque retention and constituents, gingival biomarkers and enamel demineralisation. Materials and Methods: Fifty adolescents (mean age +/- SD; 14.23 +/- 0.15 years, age range: 13-18 years) were randomly distributed to receive FF or APC ceramic brackets in the maxillary right or left quadrant. Plaque and gingival indices, quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) imaging, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plaque sampling were performed at baseline and at 1, 2 and 3 months (T-0, T-1, T-2, T-3) after bracket placement. QLF was repeated following debonding. GCF samples were analysed for biomarkers by immunoassay and plaque by real-time PCR for bacterial content. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon test on dependent samples and 2-tailed ANOVA. Results: Plaque index, gingival index and fluorescence changes were similar for the two adhesive-bracket systems. GCF volumes and interleukin (IL)-1ss levels increased compared to baseline (p < 0.05). IL-17A levels and RANKL:OPG ratios were similar in both groups. in dental plaque, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans numbers were higher in the APC group at T-3. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) counts statistically significantly decreased at T-1 and T-3 as compared to T-0 in the FF group (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas Fn counts increased in the APC group at T-3 (p < 0.01). Porphyromonas gingivalis, Streptococcus ores and total bacterial counts were significantly higher in the APC group than in the FF group at T-3 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: in orthodontic patients with good oral hygiene, the quantity of plaque on adhesive flash-free brackets and conventional brackets did not differ, but the constituents of plaque differed, with less pathogenic bacteria detected around adhesive flash-free brackets. Further studies also including a group of individuals with poor oral hygiene and longer follow-up periods may better clarify the issue.
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    Düşük doz lazer uygulamasının braket çevresinde biriken mikroorganizma miktarı üzerinde etkisinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesi
    (Ege Üniversitesi, 2014) Yetkiner, Enver; Çelenk, Tuğçe; Dindaroğlu, Furkan; Seçkin, Özlem
    Düşük doz lazer uygulamasının braket çevresinde biriken mikroorganizma miktarı üzerinde etkisinin in vitro olarak değerlendirilmesi Çalışmanın amacı Ga-Ar- diyod lazerin sabit apareylerin çevresinde oluşan bakteriyel plak üzerindeki antibakteriyel etkisinin in-vitro koşullarda incelenmesidir. Çalışmada 20 adet standart sağ alt premolar braket kullanılmıştır. Braketler sterilize edilmiş ve 8 i s. mutans 8' i laktobasil solüsyonu olmak üzere daha önceden üretilmiş ve ml'deki konsantrasyonu hesaplanmış s. mutans ve laktobasil tüplerine atılarak enfekte edilmiştir. Braketler s. mutans ve laktobasil solüsyonlarından çıkarıldıktan sonra lazer cihazı çürük profilaksi modunda 10 sn, 30 sn ve 60 sn uygulanmıştır. Braketler seyreltme yöntemine göre hazırlanmış solüsyonlara aktarılmış ve solüsyonlardaki s. mutans ve laktobasil ölçümleri tekrarlanmış yeni değerler tekrar ölçülerek s. mutans ve laktobasillerdeki % azalma miktarları kaydedilmiştir. Geri kalan 4 braketin 2 si s.mutans diğer ikisi laktobasil kontrol gruplarını oluşturmuş ve herhangi bir işlem uygulanmamıştır. Elde edilen veriler one-way ANOVA ve Scheffe Post- Hoc analizleri ile test edilmiştir. Streptokokus mutans seviyeleri değerlendirildiğinde lazer uygulanmasının ardından her 3 uygulama süresi ardından anlamlı derecede bakteriyel azalma meydana geldiği gözlenmiştir (p<,001). Uygulama süresi arttıkça (60sn) daha fazla bakterisid etki meydana gelmiştir. Bütün uygulama sürelerinde laktobasil sayısında meydana gelen azalma istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur (p<,001). 60 sn. uygulama sonrasında meydana gelen etki, bakteriyel azalma diğer uygulama sürelerine göre anlamlı derecede daha fazladır. lazerin streptococcus mutans ve lactobacillus acidophilus bakterileri üzerinde güçlü bir antibakteriyel etkisi olduğu ve artan surede lazer uygulamalarının bakterisidal etkinlikte lactobacillus suşu için farklı etki yarattığı saptanmıştır.
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    Farklı oranlarda tegdma ve bisgma içeren primer -sealantlar kullanılarak yapıştırılan ortodontik braketlerin çıkartılması sonrası yüzeyin renklenme direncinin değerlendirilmesi
    (Ege Üniversitesi, 2020) Yetkiner, Enver; Doğan, Ege; Güner, Gün
    AMAÇ: Braket yapıştırma esnasında kullanılan farklı yüzey sealant-primerlerin braket çıkartıldıktan sonra mine yüzeyinde kalan hibrit tabakasının renklenme miktarının araştırılmasıdır. MATERYAL-METOD: 120 adet sığır dişinden standart boyutlarda mine diskleri elde edilmiş ve akril içine mine yüzeyi açık kalacak şekilde gömülmüştür (çap: 3mm, kalınlık: 3mm, n:12/grup). Örnekler üzerine alt keser diş braketleri standart koşullar altında farklı sealent primerler kullanılarak yapıştırılmıştır (Kontrol, Icon+Transbond XT Primer, Proseal, Icon + Heliobond, Transbond XT Primer). 24 saat 36 °C suda bekletilen örnekler, 500 siklus termal yaşlandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur (5-55°, 20 sn/termal etki). Sonrasında braketler standart sıyırma kuvveti ile çıkartılmış, artık adeziv X10 büyütme altında temizlenmiştir. Sonrasında örnekler, çay ve çay + sitrik asit solüsyonunda bekletilmiştir. Braketleme öncesi (T1), debonding sonrası (T2) ve renklendirici solüsyonda (çay, çay + sitrik asit) 8 (T3), 16 (T4) ve 24 (T5) saat geçtikten sonraki zaman dilimlerinde spektrofotometre ile hibrit tabakadaki renklenme değerlendirilmiştir. Veriler Kolmogorov-Smirnoff ve ANOVA ile değerlendirilmiştir. BULGULAR: Primer-sealantlar arası incelemede T1-T2 arası, T2-T5 arası ve T1-T5 arasında ?L, ?a, ?b değerleri için her iki renklendirici solüsyonda fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05). Grup içi incelemede tüm primerler-sealantlar için T1-T2 arası ?L, ?a, ?b değerleri için fark gözlenmiş (p<0.001), T2-T5 arası ve T1-T5 arasında fark gözlenmemiştir.(p>0.05). SONUÇ: Braket yapıştırma sırasında kullanılan primer-sealantlar, braketleme öncesi mine renginin değişimine neden olmaktadır. Braket çıkarıldıktan sonra kalan hibrit tabakanın renklenmeye karşı direnci benzerlik göstermektedir.;Yüzey Renklenmesi, Bonding, Hibrit Tabaka, Primer-Sealant.;Surface Color, Bonding, Hybrid Layer, Sealant-Primers.
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    Farklı ortodontik bonding materyalleri ve debonding tekniklerinin mine yüzeyine etkilerinin incelenmesi
    (Ege Üniversitesi, 2009) Yetkiner, Enver; Seçkin, Özlem
    Amaç: Farklı ortodontik yapıstırma sistemleri ve yüzey temizleme tekniklerinin in vitro ortamda mine yüzeyine etkilerinin karsılastırmalı olarak degerlendirilmesidir. Gereç-Yöntem: Çalısmada 360 adet premolar dis kullanıldı. Dislerin standart sekilde polyestere gömülmesini takiben 320 örnek rastgele seçilip mineye 15 saniye süre %37’lik ortofosforik asit uygulandı. Mine yüzeylerindeki asit 30 saniye basınçlı su ile yıkanarak uzaklastırıldı ve örnekler iki gruba ayrıldı. Birinci gruptaki örneklerde asitlenmis mine yüzeyine 4 farklı karpit frez düsük devirde (20000 dev/dak) uygulanırken, ikinci gruptaki örneklere aynı karpit frezler yüksek devirde (300000 dev/dak) uygulandı. Örneklere standart kuvvetin uygulanabilmesi için angledruva ve aerotörun baglanabildigi tasarlanmıs bir cihaz kullanıldı. Örneklerdeki kayıp mine miktarları kütlesel olarak ölçülüp bulgular 2X2X4 Faktoriyel Tesadüf Parselleri Modeline göre Varyans Analizi testi ile karsılastırıldı ve mine yüzeyine olan etkiler taramalı elektron mikroskobunda incelendi. Geri kalan 40 örnek 2 gruba ayrıldı. Birinci grupta konvansiyonel asitleme ikinci grupta kendinden asitli primer uygulanarak klinikte kullanılan 6 bıçaklı frez ile yüzey temizlendi. Bulgular iki yönlü varyans analizi ile karsılastırıldı. Bulgular: 4 farklı frezin karsılastırıldıgı durumda el ile yapılan uygulamalarda 6 bıçaklı frez digerlerinden daha fazla mine kaybına neden olurken makine ile yapılan uygulamalarda frezler arasında fark tespit edilmemistir. Turlu aletin hızı karsılastırıldıgında aerotör angledruvaya göre daha fazla madde kaybına neden olmustur. Makine ve elde yapılan uygulamalar karsılastırıldıgında manuel uygulamalarda daha fazla madde kaybı gözlenmistir. Sonuç: Kendinden asitli primerler konvansiyonel asitlemeye göre tungsten karpit frezlerle yüzeyden daha kolay temizlenebilmektedir. Farklı bıçak özelliklerine sahip frezler benzer etkiler gösterirken aynı frezlerin yüksek devirde kullanılması daha fazla madde kaybına neden olmaktadır. Uygulamaları standardize etmek ve güvenilirligi artırmak için cihaz tasarımı bu tip çalısmalarda yararlı olabilir.
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    Influence of Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs on Orthodontic Treatment Planning of Class II Patients
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2018) Stupar, Irina; Yetkiner, Enver; Wiedemeier, Daniel; Attin, Thomas; Attin, Rengin
    Background: Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs (LCR) are a common decision-making aid in orthodontic treatment planning and are routinely used in clinical practice. The aim of this present study was to test the null hypothesis that LCR evaluation does not alter specific components of orthodontic treatment planning in Class II patients. Materials and Methods: Records of 75 patients, who had been treated at the Department of Orthodontics, Centre of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich comprised the study material. Inclusion criteria were: (1) adolescents between the age of 12-15, (2) permanent dentition with Class II buccal segment relationship (3) absence of craniofacial and dento-alveolar malformations. Fifteen orthodontists from the dental faculties of Istanbul University, Istanbul and Ege University, Izmir filled out Likert-type linear scale questionnaires without knowing that they would repeat the same procedure with and without LCRs at two different time points. Equivalence and clinical relevance were assessed using (%95 CI) Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Results: Extraction decision did not differ between groups (p=0.68). Preference of functional appliance use (p=0.006) and inter-maxillary fixed functional appliance (p=0.043) was different among groups. Conclusion: LCR evaluation has minor influence on treatment planning procedure of Class II patients. It might be beneficial to consider its prescription not in a routine manner but as a supplementary tool considering possible reduction of radiation exposure.
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    Influence of Lateral Cephalometric Radiography on Treatment Planning and Preferences in Skeletal Open-Bite Patients: Do Lateral Cephalograms Influence Treatment Planning?
    (Aves Press Ltd, 2016) Stupar, Irina; Yetkiner, Enver; Attin, Thomas; Attin, Rengin
    Objective: To investigate the influence of diagnostic data derived from lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCR) on treatment preferences of specialists planning skeletal open-bite treatment. Methods: Diagnostic records of 25 patients who had been treated at the University of Zurich, Department of Orthodontics, between 1988 and 2007 comprised the study material. Inclusion criteria were 1) skeletal open-bite with no marked antero-posterior discrepancy, 2) dental open-bite, and 3) crowding less than 5 mm. Records consisted of extra-intraoral photographs, panoramic-cephalometric X-rays, casts, and results of analyses. Records, with cephalograms of randomly chosen patients removed, were digitally presented to two orthodontists (A and B), and treatment preferences were asked using Likert-type questionnaires. Three months later, the same records were redelivered with missing cephalograms provided and present cephalograms removed with the questionnaire. Data were evaluated for consistency and tendency to extract using Kappa-kappa and McNemar tests. Results: Orthodontist B had no poor-agreement scores, whereas orthodontist A presented very-poor agreement for headgear use. Both A (kappa=0.833) and B (kappa=0.737) had good to very-good agreement in terms of extraction decisions. Neither orthodontist had any significant tendency for extraction/non-extraction therapy (A=0.99; B=0.5). Conclusion: Information deduced from LCRs had limited influence on treatment planning preferences in skeletal/dental open-bite patients with no marked antero-posterior discrepancy and no influence on extraction/non-extraction decision.
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    İzmir İlinde Okul Öncesi Çocuklarda Çürük ve Maloklüzyonun Ağız Sağlığı ile İlişkili Yaşam Kalitesi Üzerindeki Etkisinin Değerlendirilmesi
    (2021) Bulut, Gülçin; Ertuğrul, Fahinur; Yetkiner, Enver; Pekpınarlı, Burç; Gerihan, Hazal Ezgi; Ersin, Nazan; Bulut, Hakan
    Bu çalışmanın amacı, çocuklarda Erken Çocukluk ÇağıÇürüğü (EÇÇ) ve maloklüzyonun çocuk ve ailesinin yaşam kalitesi üzerine olan etkisini değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: İzmir ilindebulunan Ege Üniversitesi kampüsü içerisinde yer alan kreşlere devameden 4-6 yaş arası 135 çocuk çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Kreşlere gidilerek,çocuğun çürük aktivitesi ile maloklüzyon durumunun değerlendirilmesiiçin hazırlanan anket veliler tarafından dolduruldu. Ağız sağlığı ile ilgili yaşam kalitesi değerlendirmesi Erken Çocukluk Çağı Ağız SağlığıEtki Ölçeği [Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS)] kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi. Çocukların ağız içi muayeneleri gün ışığındaayna ve sond yardımıyla yapıldı. Malkoklüzyon ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütü kriterlerine göre çürük durumu tespit edildi. Yaşam kalitesi değerlendirmesi için çocuklar 3 grupta kategorize edildi; Grup 1: Çürüğü olançocuklar, Grup 2: Maloklüzyonu olan çocuklar, Grup 3: Aynı anda hemçürük hem maloklüzyonu olan çocuklar. Verilerin analizinde KruskalWallis, Bonferonni ve Mann-Whitney U testi testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: ECOHIS değerlerine göre, yaşam kalitesi üzerine grup 1 ve 3’ünolumsuz etkisi olduğu tespit edildi (sırasıyla; p<0,001; p<0,001), fakatgrup 2’nin olumsuz etkisi bulunamadı (p=0,826). Sadece çürük bulunan çocukların, sadece maloklüzyon bulunan çocuklara göre daha fazlaolumsuz etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiştir (p=0,001). Aynı anda çürük vemaloklüzyon bulunan çocuklar, sadece maloklüzyon bulunanlara göredaha kötü yaşam kalitesine sahiptir (p<0,001). Sonuç: Çalışmada, her nekadar EÇÇ’nin yaşam kalitesi üzerindeki etkisi kanıtlanabilse de maloklüzyonun hem çocukların hem de ailelerinin yaşam kalitesi üzerindeönemli bir olumsuz etkisi gösterilememiştir.
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    Low-Viscosity Resin Infiltration Efficacy on Postorthodontic White Spot Lesions: A Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence Evaluation
    (2020) Sezici, Yağmur Lena; Çınarcık, Hasan; Yetkiner, Enver; Attın, Rengin
    Objective: The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-viscosity light-cured resin infiltration on postorthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs) on incipient and advanced lesions using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Methods: The study subjects were patients with clinically diagnosed postorthodontic WSLs (n=57). QLF images of the lesions were obtained using a QLF device (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) before any treatment. Images were processed using the built-in software (QLF patient v2.0.0.48), which produced fluorescence loss ($\Delta F_1$ ), lesion area (Area1 ), and impact ($\Delta F_1$ x $Area_1$ , $\Delta Q_1$ ) values. Lesions were categorized as incipient (?5<$\Delta F_1$
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    Low-Viscosity Resin Infiltration Efficacy on Postorthodontic White Spot Lesions: A Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence Evaluation
    (2020) Sezici, Yağmur Lena; Çınarcık, Hasan; Yetkiner, Enver; Attın, Rengin
    Objective: the aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the efficacy of low-viscosity light-cured resin infiltration on postorthodontic white spot lesions (WSLs) on incipient and advanced lesions using quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Methods: the study subjects were patients with clinically diagnosed postorthodontic WSLs (n=57). QLF images of the lesions were obtained using a QLF device (Inspektor-Pro, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) before any treatment. Images were processed using the built-in software (QLF patient v2.0.0.48), which produced fluorescence loss ($\Delta F_1$ ), lesion area (Area1 ), and impact ($\Delta F_1$ x $Area_1$ , $\Delta Q_1$ ) values. Lesions were categorized as incipient (?5<$\Delta F_1$
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    Patients' and Parents' Perception of Functional Appliances: A Survey Study
    (Aves, 2017) Lena, Yagmur; Bozkurt, Aylin Pasaoglu; Yetkiner, Enver
    Objective: To evaluate patients' and parents' perception of removable, fixed rigid, and fixed hybrid functional appliances and to compare their impacts on anxiety and discomfort during treatment in different age groups and genders. Methods: Data were gathered by means of a questionnaire that included items presumed to be associated with orthodontic compliance. A self-administered questionnaire was used to quantify patients' and parents' perceptions. Three groups were formed regarding the type of functional appliance used: fixed rigid (Functional Mandibular Advancer, FMA), fixed hybrid (Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device, FRD), and removable (Twin Block, TB). Two separate questionnaires were used for the patients and their parents comprising the necessary context. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis. Results: Patients needed less time to adapt to the FRD appliance. Eating difficulties were encountered by patients in the FMA group. Adolescents who had completed functional orthodontic treatment with a removable appliance had difficulties in controlling their saliva. Patients' and parents' perceptions were found to be in accordance with each other. Conclusion: Adolescents who had completed functional orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances had more difficulty in their daily life. Orthodontists should be aware of this impact caused by functional orthodontic treatment and should regularly encourage patients by reminding them of the improvements to be had by fixing the malocclusion.
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    Patients' and Parents' Perception of Functional Appliances: A Survey Study
    (2017) Lena, Yağmur; Bozkurt, Aylin Paşaoğlu; Yetkiner, Enver
    Objective: To evaluate patients' and parents' perception of removable, fixed rigid, and fixed hybrid functional appliances and to compare their impacts on anxiety and discomfort during treatment in different age groups and genders. Methods: Data were gathered by means of a questionnaire that included items presumed to be associated with orthodontic compliance. A self-administered questionnaire was used to quantify patients' and parents' perceptions. Three groups were formed regarding the type of functional appliance used: fixed rigid (Functional Mandibular Advancer, FMA), fixed hybrid (Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device, FRD), and removable (Twin Block, TB). Two separate questionnaires were used for the patients and their parents comprising the necessary context. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis. Results: Patients needed less time to adapt to the FRD appliance. Eating difficulties were encountered by patients in the FMA group. Adolescents who had completed functional orthodontic treatment with a removable appliance had difficulties in controlling their saliva. Patients' and parents' perceptions were found to be in accordance with each other. Conclusion: Adolescents who had completed functional orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances had more difficulty in their daily life. Orthodontists should be aware of this impact caused by functional orthodontic treatment and should regularly encourage patients by reminding them of the improvements to be had by fixing the malocclusion.
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    Social smile reproducibility using 3-D stereophotogrammetry and reverse engineering technology
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2016) Dindaroglu, Furkan; Duran, Gokhan Serhat; Gorgulu, Serkan; Yetkiner, Enver
    Objective: To assess the range of social smile reproducibility using 3-D stereophotogrammetry and reverse engineering technology. Materials and Methods: Social smile images of white adolescents (N = 15, mean age = 15.4 +/- 1.5 years; range = 14-17 years) were obtained using 3dMDFlex (3dMD, Atlanta, Ga). Each participant was asked to produce 16 social smiles at 3-minute intervals. All images were obtained in natural head position. Alignment of images, segmentation of smile area, and 3-D deviation analysis were carried out using Geomagic Control software (3D Systems Inc, Cary, NC). A single image was taken as a reference, and the remaining 15 images were compared with the reference image to evaluate positive and negative deviations. The differences between the mean deviation limits of participants with the highest and the lowest deviations and the total mean deviations were evaluated using Bland Altman Plots. Results: Minimum and maximum deviations of a single image from the reference image were 0.34 +/- and 2.69 mm, respectively. Lowest deviation between two images was within 0.5 mm and 1.54 mm among all participants (mean, 0.96 +/- 0.21 mm), and the highest deviation was between 0.41 mm and 2.69 mm (mean, 1.53 +/- 0.46 mm). For a single patient, when all alignments were considered together, the mean deviation was between 0.32 +/- 0.10 mm and 0.59 +/- 0.24 mm. Mean deviation for one image was between 0.14 and 1.21 mm. Conclusions: The range of reproducibility of the social smile presented individual variability, but this variation was not clinically significant or detectable under routine clinical observation.
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    Tek Taraflı Dudak Damak Yarıklı BireylerdeYumuşak Doku Kalınlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi
    (2021) Yetkiner, Enver; Soysal, Hazal; Doğan, Ege
    Amaç: Dudak damak yarıklı bireylerde yumuşak doku kalın lıklarının değerlendirilmesi. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Retrospektif olarakyapılan bu çalışmaya, yaşları 16-18 arasında değişen toplam 70 bireydâhil edilmiştir. Tek taraflı dudak damak yarığı olan toplam 35 bireyin(ortalama yaş 16,8±3,5 yıl) dudak ve damak yarık operasyonları ta mamlanmıştır. Yaş ortalaması 16,9±3,2 yıl olan 35 adet Angle Sınıf Ikapanışa sahip birey ise kontrol grubu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Ça lışmada yer alan bireylere ait sefalometrik filmler üzerinde 13 adet re ferans noktasından yararlanılarak yumuşak doku kalınlıklarına aittoplam 9 adet ölçüm Dolphin Imaging Software Version 11.7 (DolphinImaging, California, ABD) yazılımı üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Eldeedilen sonuçların değerlendirilmesinde Student t-testi kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: (A-A’) kalınlığı (mm), (ULI-ULA) üst dudak kalınlığı (mm),(LLS-LLA) alt dudak kalınlığı (mm), (B-B’) kalınlığı (mm) kontrolgrubundan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olacak şekilde az çıkmıştır(p<0,01, p<0,05). (Gl-Gl’) yumuşak doku glabella kalınlığı (mm), (Na Na’) yumuşak doku nasion kalınlığı (mm), (Pog-Pog’) yumuşak dokupogonion kalınlığı (mm), (Gn-Gn’) yumuşak doku gnathion kalınlığı (mm), (Me-Me’) yumuşak doku menton kalınlığı (mm) ise kontrolgrubu ile benzerlik göstermektedir. Sonuç: Dudak damak yarıklı bi reylerde, erken dönemde uygulanan primer cerrahi işlemler ve uygula nan farklı cerrahi teknikler; maksiller gelişimi ve yumuşak dokukalınlıklarını etkilemekte olup, bu durum ortodontik ve/veya ortogna tik cerrahi tedavi planlamasında dikkate alınması gereken önemli birdurumdur. Ancak primer cerrahi işlemlere bağlı oluşan skar dokusununetkisi dışında, dudak damak yarıklı bireylerde büyüme ve gelişimin nor mal bireylere göre geride olmasının nedenlerini saptamak için “longi tudinal” olarak planlanması gereken daha ayrıntılı çalışmalargerekmektedir.
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    Volumetric Cleft Changes in Treatment With Bone Morphogenic Protein/beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Versus Grafts From the Iliac Crest or Symphysis
    (W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2018) Trujillo, Robert L.; Kadioglu, Onur; Currier, G. Frans; Smith, Kevin S.; Yetkiner, Enver
    Purpose: To compare the volumetric changes in successfully treated clefts with secondary alveolar grafting using recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) delivered in beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta TCP) scaffold versus autogenous grafts obtained from the iliac crest and mandibular symphysis. Patients and Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of cone-beam computed tomography scans of 25 subjects with unilateral or bilateral clefts. Of the 25 patients, 7 received an iliac crest bone graft, 9 received a mandibular symphyseal bone graft, and 9 subjects received the rhBMP-2/beta TCP bone substitute. Volumetric rendering software was used to calculate the amount of new bone formation and residual bone defect present in the cleft area. The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: The mean percentage of new bone formation for the iliac crest, symphysis, and rhBMP-2/i3TCP was 85.47, 80.56, and 81.22%, respectively (P = .0854). The initial cleft volume had a weak positive correlation with the percentage of new bone formation (r = 0.18), but the postoperative residual cleft volume had a strong negative correlation (r = 0.71). Conclusions: rhBMP2 delivered in a beta TCP scaffold in alveolar cleft patients can be a viable alternative to autogenous iliac crest and symphysis grafts, eliminating donor site morbidity. (C) 2018 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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    Volumetric Cleft Changes in Treatment With Bone Morphogenic Protein/ß-Tricalcium Phosphate Versus Grafts From the Iliac Crest or Symphysis
    (2018) Trujillo, Robert; Kadioglu, Onur; Currier, Frans; Smith, Kevin; Yetkiner, Enver
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