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Öğe Biogenic Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Marine Alga Schizochytrium sp.(Springer, 2020) Mutaf, Tugce; Caliskan, Gulizar; Meydan, Cafer; Oncel, Suphi Surisvan; Elibol, MuratNanotechnology is one of the most promising science and technology discipline that targets to bring new solutions for many applications in biotechnology, biomedical, energy and cosmetic industry by improving particles and devices scale of nanometers. Various sized and shaped nanoparticles can be synthesized by several methods. Up to now, scientists prefer physical and chemical fabrication of nanoparticles. But, these methods contain use of toxic, expensive and non-environmentalist solvents, reducing and stabilising agents. For a sustainable science, there is a necessity development of more eco-friendly, cost-effective and trustable alternative processes. in this context, using biological sources as reaction agent, have a strong potential. Plants, bacteria, fungi are essential biological sources for transformation of metals to nanoparticles. Many researchers focus on fungi and bacteriological potential in nanofabrication whereas algae are highly intriguing biological systems in nanotechnological approach. Some of cyanobacteria and algae have previously been used to synthesize intracellular or extracellular metal nanoparticles. Most of the research concentrate especially on gold and silver nanoparticle production from algae. in this work; bioreduction of silver, zinc and iron metals have been investigated using culture supernatant of marine algae Schizochytrium sp. For characterization of nanoparticles, UV visible spectroscopy, zeta sizer were used. Nanoparticle size was determined by zeta sizer and particles' surface plasmon resonance band detected by UV-Visible Spectroscopy.Öğe Bubble column and airlift bioreactor systems for animal cell culture applications(Wiley, 2022) Mutaf, Tugce; Oncel, Suphi S.Many biopharmaceutical industries have focused on the screening for novel cell lines and producers for manufacturing of advanced therapeutics. Commercial scale productions at reduced cost and improved productivity are only possible with the bioreactor systems. Animal cell culture bioreactors have all started to draw attention in view that 20th century and advanced significantly over the previous few a long time especially with the need for viral vaccine productions, monoclonal antibody productions and in vitro meat productions. To produce these high value-added products in large scales, bioreactor configurations are advanced to reduce investment and operational costs, control the process parameters, enhance productivity, and make easier scale-up. Although novel bioreactor systems have interested in recent years, conventional bubble column and airlift systems are still the most familiar and experienced bioreactors. Pneumatically agitated bioreactors have been studied for many years in animal cell culture. This current review intends to provide an overview of pneumatic bioreactor productions for animal cell culture applications in key items of cell culture and bioreactor technology, for example, design parameters, transport phenomena during cultivation, shear sensitivity of cells. Besides, the previous studies, investigated that the design parameters and process conditions for productivity and shear sensitivity, have been reviewed and summarized.Öğe The effect of medium and light wavelength towards Stichococcus bacillaris fatty acid production and composition(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2019) Mutaf, Tugce; Oz, Yagmur; Kose, Ayse; Elibol, Murat; Oncer, Suphi S.Introduction of novel species will highlight technical feasibility of microalgae-based biofuels for commercial applications. This paper reports the effect of culture medium and light wavelength on biomass and fatty acid production of S. bacillaris which holds some advantages as short life cycle, easy cultivation, high lipid content, diversity of fatty acids and stability under harsh environmental conditions. the results displayed that, soil extract (SE) greatly enhance growth rate of cultures. Maximum biomass and lipid productivity were achieved in TAP medium as 81 mg/L.day, 19.44 mg/L.day; respectively. Light wavelength didn't significantly change growth kinetics but played a critical role on chlorophyll-a accumulation. C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids were abundant which are suitable for biodiesel conversion. Interestingly, blue and red light increased longer chain fatty acids content. These results indicated that; S. bacillaris holds potential for further development of biodiesel production and feasibility of algal biodiesel for fundamental and applied sciences.Öğe Green Synthesis and Characterization of Titanium Nanoparticles Using Microalga, Phaeodactylum tricornutum(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Caliskan, Gulizar; Mutaf, Tugce; Agba, Hasan Cenk; Elibol, MuratNanoparticles synthesized from microalgae offer a newly discovered process that is open to improvement. In this study supernatant of Phaeodactylum tricornutum (P. tricornutum) culture was used for this purpose. Firstly, the effects of some variables, namely titanium concentrations, titanium:supernatant ratio, pH, incubation time, and mixing speed on nanoparticle synthesis were investigated by using statistical design method in shaken culture as well as bioreactor. The average nanoparticle size synthesized in optimum conditions which were pH 7.5 with 300 rpm for 1 h was found as 50 nm. In the second part, nanoparticles were coated with a chitosan solution to protect their stability and increase their potential. Therefore, the antimicrobial activity showed a reasonable effect on these nanoparticles coated with chitosan. Nanoparticles produced had interestingly shown 99% antistatic properties. According to the cytotoxicity test, these nanoparticles showed a high cytotoxic effect on different cancer cell lines. The results obtained in the present study can be considered promising outcomes for possible future antimicrobial, biogenic and antistatic studies particularly in biomedical applications.Öğe Green Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Using Microalga Galdieria sp.(Springer, 2020) Caliskan, Gulizar; Mutaf, Tugce; Oncel, Suphi Surisvan; Elibol, MuratGreen synthesis of nanoparticles has recently been a preferred method since it offers useful approaches such as non-toxic, biocompatible, environmentally friendly, cost-effective, stable product and trustable alternative processes compared to other methods. Various biological sources such as plant, algae, fungus and bacteria are widely used in biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Algae are more adapted organisms compared to the others for having high growth rate and biomass productivity, high heavy metal accumulation capacity, etc. Nanoparticles can be used in various area such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant agent, admixture of biosensor and drug transport/release, also diagnosis and treatment systems. Since each organism has different biochemical composition and metabolic pathways, their synthesized nanoparticles are going to show various characteristics and application area. in this study, silver, iron (II) and zinc nanoparticles were produced by using microalga Galdieria sp. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using UV visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and zeta sizer. Antimicrobial activity against gram negative and gram-positive bacteria was also examined throughout the study. in conclusion, the potential of this biogenic nanoparticle was discussed.Öğe Metal nanopartiküllerin mikroalgler aracılığı ile yeşil sentezi(2023) Mutaf, Tugce; Çalışkan, Gülizar; Oncel, Suphi; Elibol, MuratYeşil sentez olarak adlandırılan, nanopartiküllerin biyolojik kaynaklar aracılığı ile sentezlenmesine olan ilgi son yıllarda artış göstermiştir. Bunun temel nedeni geleneksel yöntemler olan fiziksel ve kimyasal yöntemlerde indirgeyici ve stabilize edici ajanlar olarak yüksek miktarlarda toksik kimyasala ihtiyaç duyuluyor olmasıdır. Daha çevre dostu ve insan sağlığı için tehdit oluşturmayan bitki, fungus, bakteri, alg gibi organizmalar yeşil nanopartikül sentezi için alternatif kaynaklardır. Sucul mikroorganizmalar olan mikroalgler üretmiş oldukları proteinler, vitaminler, pigmentler, yağ asitleri, hücre içi- hücre dışı polisakkaritler gibi fonksiyonel özelliğe sahip metabolitler sayesinde uzun yıllardır gıda, kozmetik ve ilaç endüstrilerinde formülasyonlara eklenmektedir. Bunların yanı sıra, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalarla nanopartikül sentezinde de yüksek potansiyele sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Özellikle metal iyonlarının depolanmasını ve detoksifikasyonunu yapabildiklerinden ve metal iyonlarını elementel hale indirgeyen hücre içi ve hücre dışı metabolitlerce zengin olduklarından, metal nanopartiküllerin sentezi için yüksek potansiyele sahiptirler. Son yıllarda mikroalglerden nanopartikül sentezine odaklanmış olan yayın sayısı artmış ve pek çok mikroalg türünün gümüş, altın, titanyum, çinko, demir vb. metal nanopartikülleri hücre içi ve hücre dışı yollarla sentezleme potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Bu derleme makale kapsamında, nanopartikül sentezi için çalışılmış olan mikroalg ve siyanobakteri türleri, kullanılan farklı sentez yöntemleri, nanopartiküllerin sentez mekanizması, temel karakterizasyon yöntemleri ve yeşil sentezle üretilen nanopartiküllerin antimikrobiyal aktivitelerine odaklanılmıştır
