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Öğe Analysis of risk factors for dystocia in a Turkish Holstein herd(2010) Uzmay C.; Kaya I.; Ayyilmaz T.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of calf birth weight, sex of calf, dam weight, parity of dam, age at first calving, gestation length, season and year of calving on dystocia in a Turkish Holstein herd. The data were collected from the Holstein herd of the research farm of the Agricultural Faculty of Ege University. A total number of 687 calvings (single births) from January 2005 through May 2010 were investigated in the study. The results of the preliminary analysis showed that dystocia was much more prevalent in pnmiparous cows (41.9% dystocia) compared with multiparous cows (5.1 % for second parity and 4.4% for third and greater parity cows). Therefore, the data set was divided into two parts for analyzing dystocia in primiparous (236 first calvings) and multiparous (451 sec and later calvings) cows separately. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting dystocia. Variables which had a p-value of ? 0.15 in univariate logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate analysis. In this stage, backward stepwise logistic regression analysis was carried out and variables which had a p-value of ?0.10 were removed from the model. For primiparous cows, variables in the univariate analyses with a p-value ? 0.15 were sex of calf, birth weight class, dam weight class, ratio of calf birth weight to dam weight class, gestation length class and year of calving. Of these 6 variables included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, birth weight class, gestation length class and year of calving remained in the model (p<0.05). The risk of dystocia increased with increasing birth weight in first parity cows. Compared to the reference category (birth weight class of ?35 kg), the risk of dystocia for calves with birth weight classes of 35.1-40.0, 40.1-45.0 and ?45.1 kg were 1.96, 4.53 and 5.29 times higher, respectively. Heifers with shorter gestation lengths had a lower risk of dystocia. Heifers with gestation lengths of 271-280 days had a 74% lower risk for dystocia compared to heifers with gestation lengths of ?281 days. For multiparous cows, factors in the univariate analyses with a p-value of ?0.15 were sex of calf and year of calving. None of these factors was found to have a significant effect (p>0.10) on dystocia in multivariate logistic regression analysis for multiparous cows. © Medwell Journals, 2010.Öğe Can verapamil be effective in controlling vertigo and headache attacks in vestibular migraine accompanied with Meniere’s disease? A preliminary study(Dr. Dietrich Steinkopff Verlag GmbH and Co. KG, 2019) Kaya I.; Eraslan S.; Tarhan C.; Bilgen C.; Kirazli T.; Gokcay F.; Karapolat H.; Celebisoy N.[No abstract available]Öğe The effect of “xanthan gum-based fluid thickener” on hydration, swallowing functions and nutritional status in total maxillectomy patients(Springer Verlag, 2018) Sezgin B.; Durusoy D.; Demirci M.S.; Ozturk K.; Kaya I.; Eyigor S.; Gode S.Purpose: Swallowing functions are affected after total maxillectomy operations and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The purpose of our study is to assess the role of xanthan gum based thickening agents on swallowing and hydration of maxillectomy patients on a randomized controlled fashion. Methods: 12 of the 22 patients diagnosed with maxillary carcinoma and planned to undergo total maxillectomy was identified as study group and 10 of them were identified as control group. The study group used “xantham based liquid thickener” for liquid foods up to 3 months postoperatively and the control group did not use. Dysphagia-related quality of life, bioimpedance analysis, EAT-10 scores, swallowing functions were evaluated both preoperative and postoperative period. Results: The mean age of the study group was 56 ± 9.87, and 41.6% were women. The mean age of control group was 60 ± 15.63, and 50% were women. Postoperative EAT-10 scores were statistically significant higher than preoperative scores in both groups (p < 0.05). In both of the study and control groups, a statistically significant reduction in dysphagia related quality of life was detected postoperatively (p < 0.05). Intracellular water, extracellular water and total body water detected statistically significant higher in study group at postoperative month three. Conclusion: Swallowing functions are affected due to total maxillectomy and radiotherapy. With this study, it has been shown that, total maxillectomy and radiotherapy reduce dysphagia-related quality of life. Swallowing dysfunction and dehydration has been shown to affect total maxillectomy patients. Using of ‘xanthan gum-based fluid thickener’ helps to maintain intracellular water, extracellular water, and total body water. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Öğe The effects of several cow and herd level factors on lameness in Holstein cows reared in Izmir province of Turkey(2010) Yaylak E.; Akbas Y.; Kaya I.; Uzmay C.This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of lameness and risk factors for lameness. Data of 1078 Holstein cows from 34 farms in Izmir province of Turkey were evaluated. Lameness was determined by using a Lameness Score (LS) scale with 5 levels. Mean prevalence of lameness (LS = 3) was 28.3%. The percent of the cows with LS 1-4 or 5 were found to be 37.9, 33.8, 20.9%, 5.8 and 1.6%, respectively. Cow-level variables were parity, days in milk, body condition score and hygiene score of lower rear legs. There were 18 herd level variables used to explain the variation in the prevalence of lameness among the herds. LS data were analysed using individual and multifactorial binary logistic regression. About 12 of the 22 potential risk factors investigated in the study were found to be significant (p<0.10) in the individual logistic regression analysis. However, only 9 of the 12 factors remained in the final multifactorial logistic regression model. These significant 9 factors on lameness were parity, body condition score, herd size, animal keeper, total area per cow, soil area per cow, frequency of scraping, ratio of concentrate feed to total feed intake and consulting a feeding expert. © Medwell Journals, 2010.Öğe Effects of udder and teat morphology, parity and lactation stage on subclinical mastitis in holstein cows [Siyah alaca i·neklerde meme ve meme başi formu ile laktasyon sirasi ve laktasyon döneminin subklinik mastitis üzerine etkisi](2003) Uzmay C.; Kaya I.; Akbaş Y.; Kaya A.The relationships of udder and teat morphology, parity, and lactation stage with subclinical mastitis were investigated in cows raised in herds registered with the Izmir Holstein Breeders Association. Data from 887 cows in 21 herds were used. The udder and teat morphology of the cows was scored. Detection of subclinical mastitis was performed by a hand-held device measuring the electrical conductivity of the milk. It was found that 55.9% of cows had trough-shaped udders, 25.9% had ball-shaped udders, 11.5% had rear-heavy udders, and 6.7% had pendulous udders. Teats were cylindrical in 73.3%, funnel-shaped in 18.8%, pear-shaped in 3.2%, and long and thick in 4.7% of cows. Teats were located squarely in 54.1% of cows, and rear teats were closer to each other compared with the front teats in 45.9%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, udder and teat morphology, parity, and herd were found to affect significantly (P < 0.001) the probability of subclinical mastitis. The effects of teat placement and stage of lactation were not significant. Cows with trough-shaped udders had the lowest risk of subclinical mastitis, and cows with pendulous udders had the highest risk. When teat morphology was considered, the risk of subclinical mastitis was highest for cows with long and thick teats. The risk of subclinical mastitis for cows with funnel-shaped teats was found to be lower than for cows with cylindrical teats. The risk of subclinical mastitis was found to increase as parity rose.Öğe Investigation of the elastic characteristics of a three-storey steel structure using system identification(1982) Kaya I.; McNiven H.D.In this report, three different models in increasing order of complexity have been used to identify the seismic behaviour of a three-storey steel structure subjected to arbitrary forcing functions, all of which excite responses within the elastic range. All of the models are constructed using system identification. In the first model, five parameters have been used to identify the frame. Treating the system as a shear building, we assign one stiffness coefficient to each floor and introduce Rayleigh-type damping with two additional parameters. The mass, assumed to be concentrated at a floor level, is kept constant throughout the study. The parameters are established using a modified Gauss-Newton algorithm. The match between measured and predicted quantities is satisfactory when these quantities are restricted to floor accelerations or displacements. To remove the constraint imposed by assuming that the frame deforms as a shear building, a second model with eight parameters is introduced, allowing rotations of the joints as independent degrees of freedom. Six of the eight parameters are related to the stiffness characteristics of the structural members while the remaining two are related to damping as before. In constructing the eight-parameter model, we learned that it is the effective lengths of the members that change during optimization. We also found that the independent response quantities, floor accelerations and joint rotations, must be used in the cost function for the optimization algorithm to converge. The match between measured and predicted quantities for the eight-parameter model is excellent. The set of parameters derived from the minimum squared error gives a model that shows very good correlation using information on the full duration of the pulse or only a portion of it. Also the same correlation exists between the coefficients obtained from different excitations. In an effort to explain the values of the parameters associated with the girders, an additional degree of freedom, namely, the pitching motion of the shaking table, is introduced as an additional degree of freedom. The paper presents, therefore, a five-, an eight- and, finally, a nine-parameter model. Copyright © 1982 John Wiley & Sons, LtdÖğe A new record from Turkey: Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) S.F.Blake (Asteraceae) [Türkiyeden Yeni Bir Kayit Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin) S.F.Blake (Asteraceae)](2003) Kaya I.; Nemli Y.Galinsoga ciliata (Rafin.). S.F.Blake (Asteraceae) from West Anatolia is described as a new record for the Flora of Turkey.Öğe Palladium(II) complexes containing 2,6-bis(imino)pyridines: Synthesis, characterization, thermal study, and catalytic activity in suzuki reactions(2010) Dayan O.; Dogan F.; Kaya I.; Cetinkaya B.A series of palladium complexes: [(Pydim)PdCl](PdCl3) (Pydim (1): pyridine-2,6-diimine) have been synthesized from palladium dichloride and the corresponding pydim. The Pd (II) complexes have been used as catalyst in the Suzuki reaction of aryl halides. Moreover, thermal behaviors of palladium complexes have been studied in nitrogen atmosphere using TG/DTG and DTA techniques. The values of activation energy Ea, and reaction order n, the entropy change ?Sz.ast;, enthalpy change ?H#, and Gibbs free energy change ?G# of the thermal decomposition were calculated by means of several methods based on the single heating rate. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Öğe A Research on Rearing Calves with Acidified Whole Milk [Buzagilarin Ekşitilmiş Süt ile Büyütülmesi Üzerine Bir Araştirma](2000) Kaya A.; Uzmay C.; Alçiçek A.; Kaya I.The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of acidified whole milk fed at 10 % of body weight on calf performance, and the incidence of scours. Twenty Holstein calves were assigned to one of two dietary treatments (whole milk or acidified whole milk), each consisting of 10 calves (5 male and 5 female), from d 5 to d 46 of age for a 42-d trial. Calves were fed either warm whole milk (35 to 37°C) or acidified cold whole milk (acidified with formic acid to pH 4.8 and given at 10 to 20°C) from nipple pails twice daily at 10 % of body weight. The amounts of milk given were adjusted weekly according to body weight, and the calves were gradually weaned, starting at d 40 of age. During the experiment the calves were offered pelleted starter, alfalfa hay and water for ad libitum intake. All the calves were housed in individual pens. Body weight was recorded weekly. Fecal consistency scores were recorded daily on a scale of 1 to 4 (1=normal, 2=soft, 3=runny and 4=watery). Intakes of whole milk, starter, and total dry matter from milk and starter were similar between the treatments. Average daily body weight gains (d 5 to 46) for calves fed whole milk, and acidified whole milk were also similar (427.44 and 459.95 g/d, respectively). There was no significant difference in the efficiency of feed conversion between the treatments. Calves fed acidified whole milk exhibited lower fecal consistency scores than did calves fed whole milk (2.04 vs. 2.33 during d 5 to 25 and 1.34 vs. 1.46 during d 26 to 46) even though the differences between treatments were not significant The percentage of calf days with scours was significantly higher for calves fed whole milk than for those fed acidified whole milk for d 5 through 25 (34.28 vs. 18.57 %). In the same period, the percentage of calf days treated for scours was 8.57 % for calves fed whole milk while there was no incidence of scours requiring treatment in calves fed acidified whole milk. The cost of body weight gain was quite high for calves fed whole milk compared with those fed acidified whole milk, due mainly to the costs of veterinary treatment for scours ($ 3.76 vs. $ 2.68 / kg gain).Öğe Synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation kinetics of polyazomethineester(2008) Dogan F.; Kaya I.; Ocakoglu K.A new polyester containing diimine ring, poly(imino isophthaloyl imino (glyoxal bis(2-methyl-4-hydroxy phenyl)imin)) poly[IPIGI] was synthesized by an Interfacial polycondensation reaction. The structure of poly[IPIGI] was confirmed by FT-IR and solid state 13C NMR techniques. The thermal stability was tested by TG-DTA and solubility was also studied. The kinetics of the thermal degradation of poly[IPIGI] was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates. TG curves showed that the thermal decomposition of poly[IPIGI] occurred in two stages. The apparent activation energies of thermal decomposition for poly[IPIGI], as determined by the Tang method (TM), the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method (FWD), the Kissenger-Akahira-Sunose method (KAS) and the Coats-Redfern method (CR) are 74.8, 75.2, 76.5 and 83.9 kJ mol-1 for the first stage decomposition and 143.1, 143.7, 147.0 and 156.2 kJ mol-1 for the second stage decomposition, respectively. The mechanisms of each stage decomposition were also investigated by master plots.Öğe Synthesis, characterization, and thermal degradation kinetics of poly(decamethylene 2-oxoglutarate)(2008) Dogan F.; Akat H.; Balcan M.; Kaya I.; Yürekli M.Poly(decamethylene 2-oxoglutarate) [poly (DMOG)] was synthesized by a melt polycondensation reaction. The structure of poly(DMOG) was confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared, 1H-NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The molecular weight distribution values of poly(DMOG) were determined with size exclusion chromatography. The number-average molecular weight, weight-average molecular weight, and polydispersity index values of poly(DMOG) were found to be 13,200, 19,000, and 1.439, respectively. Also, characterization was made by thermogravimetry (TG)-dynamic thermal analysis. The kinetics of the thermal degradation of poly (DMOG) was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates. TG curves showed that the thermal decomposition of poly(DMOG) occurred in one stage. The apparent activation energies of thermal decomposition for poly(DMOG), as determined by the Tang method, the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method, the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method, and the Coats-Redfern method were 122.5, 126.8, 121.4, and 122.9 kJ/mol, respectively. The mechanism function and pre-exponential factor were also determined by the master plots method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
