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    Acute acetaminophen nephrotoxicity and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in rats
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 1997) Kocaoglu Ş.; Karan A.; Berkan T.; Başdemir G.
    In order to determine the relationship between the nephrotoxicity of acetaminophen and urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) excretion, a single dose of 900 mg/kg acetaminophen (APAP) was administered to rats intraperitoneally. Following drug administration, 24 hour urine was collected and the kidneys were removed under ether anesthesia for histological examination. GGT activity measurements and quantitative analysis for creatinine was carried out on urine samples. Urinary GGT activity in the APAP administered group (n=12) (1.8 ± 0.21 U/mg creatinine) was significantly higher than in the control group (n=16) (0.77 ± 0.05 U/mg creatinine) (p<0.0002). Histological examination of the kidneys under light microscopy showed only very slight tissue damage. Further use of urinary GGT activity measurements in experimental nephrotoxicity studies has been suggested.
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    Lymphocyte gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in Behçet's disease.
    (1989) Pabuçcuoglu A.; Karan A.; Andaç K.; Yagci A.
    In this study the activity of a membrane-bound enzyme, gamma-glutamyl transferase GGT (gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase - GGTP), was investigated in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with Behçet's disease. Lymphocyte GGT activity in Behçet's disease was found to be significantly lower than that of control lymphocytes (p less than 0.01). This altered activity may be due to the abnormality in the membrane of lymphocytes of Behçet's disease patients.
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    Study on the role of urine gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity during investigation of nephrotoxicity
    (1994) Kocaoglu S.; Berkan T.; Karan A.; Basdemir G.
    In this study, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activities of the 24 h urine samples taken at the end of the fourth day from the rats to which 160 mg/kg/day gentamicin was applied i.p. for 4 days, were measured. Glucose determination in urine by the use of the glucose hexokinase method was also applied in order to control the reabsorption potentials of the tubules. The formation of necrosis in the kidneys was investigated by histological examinations of the damage occurred by the nephrotic effect. All the results were compared with the values obtained from the control group. The average gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity for the control group (n = 22) was determined as 5.68 ± 0.26 IU/24 h whereas this level was detected as 15.6 ± 1.0 IU/24 h in the drug applied group (n = 15). The measurement of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in urine can be applied as a useful parameter on determination of nephrotoxicity, especially for indicating the dimensions of this toxic effect.
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    Urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase activity in rats with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced nephrotoxicity
    (1997) Kocaoglu Ş.; Karan A.; Berkan T.; Başdemir G.; Akpinar R.
    Excretion of urinary gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was studied in rats following p.o. application of high doses (10 mg/kg/day) of indomethacin, diclofenac sodium or piroxicam for 28 days. Measurements of 24 h urinary GGT activity and urinary creatinine were carried out on 29th day. Histological examinations of kidneys were performed on day 29. The mean value for urinary GGT was found to be 0.77 ± 0.05 U/mg creatinine (n = 16) in the control group. The mean activities in the treated groups were as follows: 1.30 ± 0.15 U/mg creatinine (n = 17, indomethacin); 1.22 ± 0.25 U/mg creatinine (n = 4, diclofenac); 1.54 ± 0.39 U/mg creatinine (n = 5, piroxicam). The mean enzyme activities in indomethacin and piroxicam treated groups were significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.02 and p < 0.03, respectively), while no significant difference has been found between the group treated with diclofenac and control group (p > 0.05). Histological examinations of renal tissues of indomethacin, piroxicam and diclofenac treated groups showed minimal glomerular abnormalities. Thus, determination of urinary GGT may be useful to investigate the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) related renal toxicity in rats.