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Öğe ANATOMICAL STUDY OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOT DEVELOPMENT IN MASTIC TREE (PISTACIA LENTISCUS L. VAR. CHIA DUHAM.) CUTTINGS(Sejani Publ, 2021) Isfendiyaroglu, MuratMastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia Duham.) is the unique species valued for gum mastic through the centuries. The tree has been propagated by hardwood cuttings traditionally, but this method is quite difficult because the cuttings are very recalcitrant to root. Rooting of leafy semi-hardwood cuttings seems to be the most proper method to increase the nursery tree productivity. In mastic tree, similar to many other plant species, rooting ability of cuttings was correlated with their own micro-anatomical structure. Our anatomical observations showed that cortex in one-year-old cuttings was separated from phloem tissue by a continuous sclerenchymatic ring. On the 7th day of rooting, cambial activity markedly increased at the proximal end of cuttings. The occurrence of remarkable cellular changes at the rooting zone of cuttings coincided with the 15th day of rooting. A new callus tissue, mostly originated from ray parenchyma cells, developed at the cambial zone of cuttings. Development of callus tissue was more pronounced on the 22nd day. At this time, unorganised xylem elements differentiated in callus tissue, and further accumulated as new trachery nests. The developing callus tissue protruded from cutting base by pushing the sclerenchyma and cortex tissues on the 30th day. Callus xylem or induced tracheids developed into the callus tissue, forming a continuous, narrow strand, where the new root primordium occurred at the endpoint of this structure concurrently. On the 45th day of rooting, new adventitious roots appeared to elongate and about to move out from the callus tissue. Our observations revealed that due to the quite different anatomical structure, mastic tree cuttings showed indirect rhizogenesis and root primordia originated from basal callus tissue.Öğe CORRELATIONS BETWEEN STEM ANATOMY AND GROWTH VIGOR IN SELECTED PLUM ROOTSTOCK GENOTYPES(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2022) Cavdar, Andac; Isfendiyaroglu, MuratTurkey is particularly one of the centres of origin where many cultivars of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh., P. in-stitia L. and P. spinosa L. occured. These species have been worldwide considered with their rootstock features. In this study, correlations between plant growth vigor and sturucture of vascular elements in some plum rootstock genotypes were examined. For this purpose, 12 different wild P. cerasifera genotypes were used together with some commercially evaluated rootstocks as control. Results showed that plant elongation augmented in parallel with the increments in xylem diameter and xylem area ratio. Increases in cortex area ratio decreased the tree height. Moreover, the plant height was decreased by the elongation of xylem vessels in the vertical axis, but was increased by the decrease in xylem vessel area and the decrease in xylem vessel area increased the plant height. Comparing the entire evaluating genotypes, T7 and B9 were the most dwarf, while 17 and B6 the most vigorous once was concluded. In this study, a method which would accelerate the rootstock breeding works by using the structure of plant vascular elements, to predict the growth vigour as a pre-selection criteria which is important in plum rootstock selection was exposed.Öğe Effects of foliar zinc applications on some yield parameters and essential oil constituents of the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus var. chia Duham.)(Elsevier, 2022) Bayram, Seda E.; Isfendiyaroglu, Murat; Tuncay, OzlemMastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus var. chia Duham.) is an important medicinal aromatic plant which is being culti-vated without any regular fertilization generally. Foliar Zn applications have great importance for many com-mercial plant species because of their important role in metabolic activities. In this study, the effects of foliar ZnSO4 sprayings (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8%) applied at 50% and 100% leafing stages, on some yield parameters and essential oil composition of mastic tree were assessed. A field experiment was carried out for two consecutive years at Ege University, Turkey. Mastic resin yield was more than doubled with 0.8% Zn particularly in the second year. The highest leaf Zn content was measured as 187.8 mg l- 1 with 0.8% zinc spraying while it was 35.4 mg l- 1 in unsprayed trees at 100% leafing in the first year. Leaf essential oil and alpha-tocopherol contents were not significantly influenced by different Zn levels and leafing stages in both years. As for the major essential oil constituents, 13-myrcene (62.4%), germacrene-D (14.3%), alpha-terpinenyl acetate (5.52%), t-caryophyllene (2.1%) and alpha-pinene (1.4%) were determined. Zinc sprayings increased the 13-myrcene, germacrene-D and alpha-pinene contents particularly at 100% leafing in the first year. In mastic tree two consecutive applications of Zn seems to be necessary for reaching to desirable leaf Zn contents. Application of 0.8% Zn or more would be proper to increase the contents of most parameters assessed.Öğe ROOT REGENERATION IN CUTTINGS OF OLEA EUROPAEA L.: EFFECT OF AUXIN AND AUXIN SENSITIVE PHASE(Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2016) Isfendiyaroglu, MuratOlive is one of the oldest cultivated plants of Anatolia/Turkey. 'Domat' is the predominant large fruiting cultivar particularly suitable for green processing in Turkey. Leafy cuttings of 'Domat' olive are very difficult to rooting, so the nursery tree production is costly and time consuming. The effects of IBA and NAA mixtures were examined on the rooting of 'Domat' olive cuttings in two consecutive years. Moreover, the auxin sensitive phase of cuttings was also assessed. The mixing rate of 5 : 2 g/l (IBA : NAA) was found to be optimum for the highest rooting rates (up to 60%) and root quality in the two successive years. Application of IBA (5 g/l) at the 5th day of experiment initiation, significantly (p = 0.001) increased the per cent of rooting (63) compared to the cuttings treated at day 0 (46) and the figures of other rooting variables.Öğe YELLOW WILD OLIVES (Olea europaea L. subsp oleaster) FROM WESTERN TURKEY(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2017) Isfendiyaroglu, MuratThe wild olive (O. europaea L. subsp. oleaster) is widely distributed along the coastal zones of Anatolia (Asia Minor). The Aegean Region (Western Anatolia) in particular has a rich olive population, including genuine wild individuals as well as feral forms. Oleaster olives in situ, which have diverse morphological and pomological characteristics, differ from cultivated olives. The ripe olive fruit has a purple-black color because of the accumulation of anthocyanin. As in cultivated olives, the yellow color in ripe fruits of the oleaster olive is unusual. This yellow color in ripe fruits of oleaster olives has not been reported so far. Thus it is potentially significant for further breeding strategies. This paper assesses the morphological characteristics of two oleaster ecotypes (YO1 and YO2) with yellow fruits that were coincidentally located in the Izmir Province. Significant differences are found between the two ecotypes both in terms of their quantitative characteristics as well as the oil content of their fruit. Fruit weight (1.2 g), length (15.5 mm), width (11.2 mm) and percentage of oil in dry weight (15.7%) are significantly higher in YO1. Apart from the differences between the quantitative stone characteristics, the stone morphology and surface texture are also considerably different. Besides potential agronomic considerations, they both have high potential for use as ornamental trees.
