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Öğe Comparison of Clinical Presentations and Disease Severity of Children Hospitalized with Influenza A and B(AVES, 2024) Eşki A.; Öztürk G.K.; Çiçek C.; Gülen F.; Demir E.Objective: This study compared the clinical presentations and disease severity between influenza A and B (FLUA and FLUB). Materials and Methods: The study included children hospitalized with virologically confirmed influenza between 2010 and 2020. The severity of the disease was evaluated based on admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), mechanical ventilation requirement, length of hospital stay, length of stay in the PICU, and death. Influenza viruses were compared within predefined age groups (0-2, 3-9, and 10-18 years) and in all age groups. Results: Of 343 patients, FLUA and FLUB were detected in 75.8% and 24.2% of children, respec-tively. FLUB was associated with a higher incidence of headache and abdominal pain (P <.001 and P =.01). Children with FLUB were prescribed antibiotics and antivirals 0.56 and 0.58-fold fewer than those with FLUA. Headache and abdominal pain rates were higher in patients between 3 and 9 years with FLUB. Children between 0 and 2 years with FLUA were more fre-quently admitted to the PICU than those with FLUB (23.6% vs. 4.0%; P <.004). Eight patients with FLUA died, while only 1 with FLUB died (P =.69). Conclusion: The clinical presentation of FLUA and FLUB appeared similar, except for headache and abdominal pain, which were more prevalent in older patients with FLUB. Our study revealed that children between 0 and 2 years with FLUA were at a significantly higher risk for admission to the PICU. As a result, greater attention and awareness should be paid to children under 2 years old with FLUA. © 2024, AVES. All rights reserved.Öğe The comparison of microscopy and real time polymerase chain reaction methods for the diagnosis of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: Evaluation of clinical parameters [Pneumocystis jirovecii pnömonisi tanısında mikroskopi ve gerçek zamanlı polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması: Klinik bulgular ile yorumlanması](Ankara University, 2017) Töz S.; Gündüz C.; Tetik A.; Taşbakan M.; Pullukçu H.; Bacakoğlu F.; Taşbakan M.S.; Gülen F.; Ünver A.; Turgay N.Introduction: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) causes serious infections, especially in patients with immunosuppressive diseases. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the results of samples obtained from PCP suspected patients using two different methods together with clinical data. Materials and Methods: Microscopy and real time polymerase chain reaction (real time PCR) methods were performed with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples sended to Ege University Medical Faculty Direct Parasitology Diagnostic Laboratory between March 2009 and June 2010. Demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data were also recorded retrospectively. The data were evaluated using the SPSS 16.0 program. Results: A total of 42 BAL samples collected from patients (24 males, mean age: 31.49 ± 26.14) were included. There were totally 16 P. jirovecii positives either one of the tests. Sixteen and three samples were detected positive by real time PCR and microscopy, respectively. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was prescribed in 11 PCP diagnosed cases and 6 of them died. Conclusion: Today, despite the growing opportunities in diagnosis and treatment, PCP pneumonia is associated with high mortality. Careful examination of clinical data and immune status of the patients are important. Multidisciplinary approach is required for early PCP diagnosis. © 2017, Ankara University. All rights reserved.Öğe Cut-Off Values of Specific IgE and Skin Prick Test to Predict Oral Food Challenge Positivity in Children with Cow’s Milk Allergy(AVES, 2022) Günaydın N.C.; Akarcan S.E.; Gülen F.; Bal C.M.; Tanaç R.; Atasever M.; Demir E.Objective: The cut-off values for the skin prick test diameters and cow’s milk-specific IgE mea-surements are used to predict the result of the oral food challenge test for the diagnosis of cow’s milk allergy. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic values of skin prick test and cow’s milk-specific IgE according to age groups and compare the diagnostic powers of these 2 methods. Materials and Methods: In total, 153 children who had a preliminary diagnosis of cow’s milk allergy were evaluated. Group A (n = 90) consisted of cow’s milk allergy patients whose diagnosis was confirmed by a positive oral food challenge or a history of anaphylaxis. Group B (n = 63) was composed of patients with a negative oral food challenge. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of 2 groups were compared. Results: The cut-off points for cow’s milk-specific IgE and cow’s milk-skin prick test were determined as >2.12 kUA/L and >5 mm, respectively. The area under the curve was 0.844 for cow’s milk-skin prick test (sensitivity 73%, specificity 84%) and 0.745 for cow’s milk-specific IgE (sensitivity 67%, specificity 86%). The diagnostic power of skin prick test was determined to be higher when compared to cow’s milk-specific IgE (P = .02). According to the predicted probability curves, decision points for cow’s milk-specific IgE and cow’s milk-skin prick test with 95% probability were determined as follows, respectively: for ?24 months: 22 kUA/L, 11.3 mm; for >24 months: 44.1 kUA/, 15.1 mm. The lowest cut-off value with a positive predictive value of 95% and a specificity of 96% was found in patients <1-year-old (>3.3 kUA/L) Conclusion: The use of high probability diagnostic values of communities for specific IgE anskin prick test along with a significant clinical history may provide accurate and rapid diagnosof cow’s milk allergy and facilitate patient follow-up. © 2022, AVES. All rights reserved.Öğe Does the quality of life in autism spectrum disorder differ from other chronic disorders and healthy children? [Otizm spektrum bozukluğunda yaşam kalitesi diğer kronik hastalıklardan veya sağlıklılardan farklı mıdır?](Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, 2016) Öztürk Ö.; Erermış S.; Ercan E.S.; Gülen F.; Kabukçu Başay B.; Başay Ö.; Köse S.; Özgün Öztürk F.; Alacam H.; Aydin C.Objective: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, re-stricted interests, and repetitive patterns of behavior. This study examined quality of life (QoL) and related clinical factors in children with ASD, compared to children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), children with asthma, and healthy controls (HC). Methods: QoL was assessed by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQLTM 4.0). Additionally, parents of the children provided sociodemographic information and filled out an evaluation questionnaire, child behavior check list (CBCL), and Turgay DSM-IV Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). Results: The physical health, psychosocial health, social functioning, and scale total score of the ASD group were significantly lower than those of the three comparison groups. The school functioning score domain was lower in the ASD group than in the asthma and HC groups. In contrast, the emotional functioning domain assessments did not reveal statistically significant differences between the ASD group and the comparison groups. In the ASD group, the total problem score, inattention, and hyperactivity scores were significantly higher than both the asthma and HC groups, and the internalizing scores were higher than the healthy group. Conclusion: The poor QoL is most likely due to functional losses and problem behaviors related to ASD and may negatively affect not only children with ASD but also the whole life of the family. © 2016, Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine. All rights reserved.Öğe Eponym: Scimitar syndrome(Springer Verlag, 2010) Midyat L.; Demir E.; Aşkın M.; Gülen F.; Ülger Z.; Tanaç R.; Bayraktaroğlu S.Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly, characterized by partial or complete anomalous pulmonary venous drainage of the right or left lung into the inferior vena cava. The syndrome is commonly associated with hypoplasia of the right lung, pulmonary sequestration, persisting left superior vena cava, and dextroposition of the heart. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is unclear, but it seems to originate from a basic developmental disorder of the entire lung bud early in embryogenesis. Two main forms of scimitar syndrome have been described. Signs and symptoms can start during infancy (infantile form) or beyond (childhood/adult form). The infantile form generally presents within the first 2 months of life with tachypnea, recurrent pneumonia, failure to thrive, and signs of heart failure. The diagnosis of scimitar syndrome is usually made based on the characteristic chest X-ray films and can be confirmed by angiography; however, it is now done mostly by transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography, noninvasive computed tomography, or magnetic resonance angiography. Fetal echocardiography using three-dimensional power Doppler imaging permits prenatal diagnosis. Most frequently, patients are asymptomatic in the absence of associated abnormalities and can be followed conservatively. For patients with congestive heart failure, repeated pneumonia, or pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow ratios greater than 1.5 and pulmonary hypertension, it is important to reroute the anomalous right pulmonary veins and repair the associated cardiac defects in order to avoid progression to right ventricular failure. The triad of respiratory distress, right lung hypoplasia, and dextroposition of the heart should alert the clinician to think of scimitar syndrome. © 2010 Springer-Verlag.Öğe Immediate Adverse Reactions to Immunotherapy(2003) Can D.; Demir E.; Tanaç R.; Gülen F.; Yenigün A.Background: Immunotherapy, which has been used since the beginning of this century, has potential adverse reactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate immediate local and systemic reactions to allergen immunotherapy and to compare rates of adverse reactions to aluminum-adsorbed versus calcium-adsorbed allergen vaccines. Methods: 108 cases (38 girls and 70 boys) were given allergen immunotherapy between 1997 and 2001. The following data were recorded for each patient: primary disease being treated (allergic rhinitis, asthma, or allergic rhinitis and asthma), allergic sensitivities (dust mite or grass pollen), number of injections, the stage of immunotherapy (buildup or maintenance), dilution of allergen vaccine, and type of allergen vaccine (calcium- or aluminum-adsorbed). Adverse reactions were classified as systemic or local. Local reactions were classified as hyperemia and induration less than 5 cm, more than 5 cm, itching, and pain. Results: 4783 injections were evaluated in 108 subjects: with allergic rhinitis (44%), asthma (40%), allergic asthma, and rhinitis (16%). Frequency of immediate systemic reaction was 0.13%. Frequency of immediate local reactions were: hyperemia and induration less than 5 cm 3%, greater than 5 cm 0.16%, local-itching 0.15%, and local pain 0.2%. There was no significant difference in systemic and local reactions between calcium- and aluminum-adsorbed vaccines. Immediate local reactions were more frequent during maintenance therapy compared to buildup. Subjects were-more likely to have local reactions during maintenance therapy if they had allergic rhinitis (p < 0.05) of were receiving grass pollen vaccine (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Immediate adverse reactions were uncommon when given to children with asthma and allergic rhinitis. Aluminium- and calcium-adsorbed allergen vaccines showed similar rates of systemic and local reactions.Öğe Immediate adverse reactions to subcutaneous allergen specific immunotherapy in respiratory allergies(2010) Midyat L.; Demir E.; Gülen F.; Karadeniz C.; Can D.; Tanaç R.Objective: Allergen immunotherapy has been used in the management of allergic diseases for nearly a hundred years; however, its short term side-effects can effect the decision of starting the therapy. Material and Methods: This study is a retrospective evaluation of the immediate local and systemic reactions seen in the cases who were given immunotherapy between March 1997 and September 2008 in the Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology. Results: The 541 patients had ages ranging from 6 to 18 years. 64.3% (n=348) of the patients were having calcium phosphate-adsorbed allergen vaccines, while35.7% (n=193)were having aluminium hydroxide adsorbed vaccines. Of the patients, 229 patients had allergic rhinitis (42.3%), 161 had asthma (29.7%), and 151 had both asthma and allergic rhinitis(27.9%). Totally, 28.374 injections were given to the patients. In 4.6% (n=1310) of the injections immediate reactions were detected; 74% (n=970) of them were observed during the build-up therapy (p<0.01), and 81.6% (n=1069) of the reactions were detected in the patients who were receiving calcium phosphate-adsorbed vaccines (p< 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in the immediate reaction rates of the subjects when comparing the allergens in the vaccines or the diagnosis of the patients. The frequency of systemic reactions was 0.04% (n 13); most of these reactions were detected during the build-up therapy and in patients with asthma + allergic rhinitis. With early term interventions, the symptoms of all patients improved in a short time. Conclusion: In conclusion, most of the immediate reactions to immunotherapy are local and the systemic ones are controllable through early treatment; so that subcutaneous immunotherapy is a safe treatment modality when it is used for appropriate indications by experienced staff. Copyright © 2010 by Türkiye Klinikleri.Öğe One case, two "firsts": First successful double lung and first pediatric lung transplantation in Turkey [Bir olgu, iki ilk: Türkiye'de ilk başarili çift akciger transplantasyonu; pediatrik yaş grubunda Türkiye'de ilk akciger transplantasyonu](2010) Özbaran M.; Turhan K.; Yagdi T.; Gülen F.; Özcan C.; Engin Ç.; Midyat L.; Çagirici U.; Nart D.; Nalbantgil S.; Demir E.; Tanaç R.; Aşkar F.We report the first successful double-lung transplantation in all age groups as well as the first lung transplantation in the pediatric age group in our country. A 14-year-old male who was oxygen dependent for the last three years was diagnosed with septic lung disease and bronchiolitis obliterans. He was followed-up by the "heart and lung transplantation group" of our hospital for approximately one year under non-invasive mechanical ventilatory support while on the lung transplantation waiting list. A sequential double lung transplantation was performed on April 08, 2009. He is now on his 11th month postoperatively and is healthy.Öğe A patient with rubella encephalitis and status epilepticus(2008) Gülen F.; Çagliyan E.; Aydinok Y.; Özen S.; Yildiz B.Rubella is an important childhood disease that was historically widespread but is now very infrequent. It is an acute viral infection ordinarily characterized by mild constitutional symptoms. Complications are relatively uncommon in childhood. Encephalitis similar to that seen with measles occurs in about 1 in 6 000 cases. The severity is highly variable, and there is an overall mortality rate of 20%. Symptoms in survivors usually resolve within 1-3 week without neurologic sequelae. An 8.5-year-old boy presented with rubella encephalitis and status epilepticus. Five days before admission the patient had erythematous maculopapular rash on the face, spreading to the trunk and extremities. On the admission day, he had a generalized tonic-clonic seizure with loss of consciousness. Microscopic and cytologic examinations of cerebrospinal fluid showed nonspecific. Electroencephalography (EEG) showed diffuse slowing. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that rubella IgM antibody titer was positive in serum and in cerebrospinal fluid. One day later, the patient became conscious with normal physical condition. As a conclusion, it is possible to prevent the complications of rubella infection, especially the congenital rubella syndrome and encephalitis with a rapid and efficient vaccination program.Öğe The psychiatric follow-up process of a lung transplantation case [Bir akciger nakli olgusunda psikiyatrik izlem süreci](2010) Özbaran B.; Erermiş S.; Gülen F.; Midyat L.; Turhan K.; Demir E.; Yagdi T.; Tanaç R.; Özcan C.; Engin Ç.; Özbaran M.Organ transplantation practices are increasing worldwide and in our country and patient care opportunities are improving. Organ transplantation process generally includes transplant preparation, coping with disease, transplantation operation and post-transplantation period. Psychiatrists take part in the transplantation team and support the team and the patient, offer treatment if necessary. In this report the psychiatric symptoms and treatment of the first living pediatric case after double lung transplantation were reported. The fifteen years old, male case was followed since age of fourteen in Ege University Medical School Pediatrics Clinic, Respiratory System and Allergy Department with diagnoses of bronchiolitis obliterans, bronchiectasis and pulmonary hypertension and indicated double lung transplantation in year of 2008. In April 2009, the first double lung transplantation surgery in Turkey in pediatric age group was done. In 15th day after transplantation anxiety symptoms were occurred and these symptoms were limited and disappeared with brief supportive interventions. In fifth month after transplantation depressive symptoms were occurred and the case was diagnosed as depressive disorder and treated with fluoxetin 20 mg/day. Psychosocial interventions were also undertaken for his edu-education. The case is still in follow-up in Ege University Child Psychiatry Clinic, Consultation Liaison Department.Öğe Risk factors for infuenza virus related severe lower respiratory tract infection in children(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2019) Eşki A.; Öztürk G.K.; Gülen F.; Çiçek C.; Demir E.Background: Influenza virus is one of the most common respiratory pathogens for all age groups and may cause seasonal outbreaks. Our aim was to identify risk groups and factors associated with severe clinical course including mortality in children with influenza-related lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in children hospitalized with influenza virus LRTI from 2008 to 2018. Data on demographic features, influenza type, viral coinfection, primary and secondary bacterial infections (SBIs), time of onset of antiviral treatment, comorbidities, hospitalization length, pediatric intensive care unit admission/invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) need and mortality were collected from medical records. Results: There were 280 patients hospitalized with LRTI and median hospitalization length was 9 days. Congenital heart disease, neuromuscular disease, SBIs and late-onset antiviral treatment were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay (P < 0.05). Pediatric intensive care unit admission was present in 20.4% (57) of the patients and 17.1% (48) of all patients required IMV. SBIs, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, immunosuppression and human bocavirus coinfection were independent risk factors for IMV support (P < 0.05). Eighteen patients died and immunosuppression, lymphopenia and SBIs were independent risk factors for mortality (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Presence of comorbidity, SBIs, neutrophilia and lymphopenia at admission identified as risk factors for severe influenza infections including need for IMV and death. Although several studies showed that antiviral treatment reduce hospitalization, complications and mortality, there is a lack of prospective trials and patients for antiviral therapy should be carefully chosen by the clinician. Copyright © 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Simultaneous detection of respiratory viruses and influenza a virus subtypes using multiplex PCR [Solunum Viruslari ve ¯nfluenza A Virus Alt Tiplerinin Multipleks PCR Yöntemi ile Ayni Anda Saptanmasi](Ankara Microbiology Society, 2014) Çiçek C.; Bayram N.; Anil M.; Gülen F.; Pullukçu H.; Saz E.U.; Telli C.; Çok G.This study was conducted to investigate the respiratory viruses and subtyping of influenza A virus when positive by multiplex PCR in patients with flu-like symptoms, after the pandemic caused by influenza A (H1N1)pdm09. Nasopharyngeal swab samples collected from 700 patients (313 female, 387 male; age range: 24 days-94 yrs, median age: 1 yr) between December 2010 - January 2013 with flu-like symptoms including fever, headache, sore throat, rhinitis, cough, myalgia as defined by the World Health Organization were included in the study. Nucleic acid extractions (Viral DNA/RNA Extraction Kit, iNtRON, South Korea) and cDNA synthesis (RevertAid First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kits, Fermentas, USA) were performed according to the manufacturer's protocol. Multiplex amplification of nucleic acids was performed using DPO (dual priming oligonucleotide) primers and RV5 ACE Screening Kit (Seegene, South Korea) in terms of the presence of influenza A (INF-A) virus, influenza B (INF-B) virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the other respiratory viruses. PCR products were detected by automated polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using Screen Tape multiple detection system. Specimens which were positive for viral nucleic acids have been further studied by using specific DPO primers, FluA ACE Subtyping and RV15 Screening (Seegene, South Korea) kits. Four INF-A virus subtypes [human HI (hH1), human H3 (hH3), swine HI (sHI), avian H5 (aH5)] and 11 other respiratory viruses [Adenovirus, parainfluenza virus (PIV) types 1-4, human bocavirus (HBoV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus types A and B, human coronaviruses (HCoV) OC43, 229E/NL63] were investigated with those tests. In the study, 53.6% (375/700) of the patients were found to be infected with at least one virus and multiple respiratory virus infections were detected in 15.7% (59/375) of the positive cases, which were mostly (49/59, 83%) in pediatric patients. RSV and rhinovirus coinfections were the most prevalent (18/29, 62.7%) dual infections. The distribution of 436 respiratory viruses identified from 375 patients were as follows; 189 (43.3%) RSV, 93 (21.4%) rhinovirus, 86 (19.8%) INF-A, seven (1.6%) INF-B, 22 (5%) PIV types 1-3, 14 (3.2%) HMPV, 11 (2.5%) HCoV, nine (2%) HBoV, and five (1.2%) adenovirus. Fifty-five (64%) out of 86 INF-A viruses were subtyped as hH3, 24 (27.9%) were sHI and seven (8.1%) were hHI. Avian H5 was not detected in any samples. The overall prevalence rates of INF-A, INF-B, RSV and other respiratory viruses were 12%, 1 %, 27%, and 14.6%, respectively. RSV was the most prevalent respiratory agent in pediatric (161/313, 51 %) cases, while INF-A virus in adult (24/62, 38.7%) patients. Influenza viruses were detected as responsible pathogens in 13.3% (93/700) of the patients with flu-like symptoms. Among the cases, a 1-month-old baby was infected with three virus strains (INF-A hHI+INF-A sHI +HCoV OC43) and a 82-year-old patient was infected with two INF-A virus subtypes (hH3 + sH1). INF-A viruses were mostly detected (79/86) in winter period, from December to March. INF-A virus sH1, was the most prevalent subtype in flu cases till February 2011 (22/86), after replaced by INF-A virus hH3. Beginning from February 2012, a significant increase observed in the cases infected with INF-A virus subtype hH3 (39/86). In conclusion, the identification and surveillance of influenza virus types and subtypes circulating in populations have importance both for epidemiological data and selection of vaccine strains.Öğe Successful desensitization of a case with desferrioxamine hypersensitivity(2006) Gülen F.; Demir E.; Tanaç R.; Aydinok Y.; Gulen H.; Yenigün A.; Can D.Thalassaemia major is a severe chronic hemolytic disease, resulted with iron overload mainly due to regular blood transfusions. Iron overload may lead to serious organ toxicity and even fatal complications, if no iron excretion is achieved by a chelating agent. First introduced in 1976 as s.c. treatment for thalassaemia major, desferrioxamine (DFO) has substantially improved the life expectancy in the disease. While DFO can cause local allergic reactions including redness, itching, pain and lumps, on rare occasion anaphylactic reactions can occur. The mechanism of anaphylaxis like reactions is not well understood. In this case report, we presented a 10 years-old girl with thalassaemia major who had to stop DFO therapy after appearing of systemic allergic reactions with hypotension, tachycardia, pruritus and urticaria against this drug. Serum IgE level was normal, specific IgE and skin prick tests were negative. Intradermal test was resulted with positive reaction to DFO. The patient was hospitalized and desensitization protocol was initiated with rapid s.c. infusions per 15 min. The protocol was stopped at the 17th cycle because of local reaction reappeared. After that, DFO was further diluted and was restarted with lower dosage and longer infusion period. Then, DFO dosage was increased and the dilutions and infusion times were decreased gradually. By this desensitization programme, the patient would continue to use DFO chelation safely for 10 months.Öğe Ten year retrospective evaluation of the seasonal distribution of agent viruses in childhood respiratory tract infections [Çocukluk çagi{dotless} solunum yolu enfeksiyonlari{dotless}nda etken virüslerin mevsimsel dagi{dotless}li{dotless}mi{dotless}ni{dotless}n 10 yi{dotless}lli{dotless}k geriye dönük degerlendirmesi](Galenos, 2014) Gülen F.; Yildiz B.; Çiçek C.; Demir E.; Tanaç R.Aim: Infections caused by respiratory viruses sometimes occur as epidemias or pandemias and are an important public health problem in the whole world. These viral agents may lead to severe respiratory diseases especially in young children and in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution of agent viruses in childhood respiratory infections in our region. Material and Methods: In this study, nasopharyngeal swab sample was obtained from 1 326 patients who presented to Ege University, Medical Faculty Children's Hospital between 2002 and 2012 and who were thought to have respiratory tract infection. Influenza virus type A and B, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and parainfluenza virus type 1-3 were investigated using shell-vial cell culture method and direct fluorescent antibody test and/or multiplex PCR test. Parainfluenza virus type 4, human metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, coronavirus, human bocavirus were investigated using multiplex PCR test. The seasonal distributions of the viruses were determined according to the results obtained from Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Medical Microbiology Clinical Virology Laboratory. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee (Ege University Clinical Researches Ethics Committee, 12.02.2013, number: 13-1/46). Results: The majority of the patients who presented were outpatients (n:888, 67%) and the remainder were hospitalized patients (33%, n:438). Respiratory viruses were found in 503 of the nasopharyngeal swab samples (38%). Parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus were found most frequently in december-february (58% and 59%, respectively, influenza viruses were found most frequently in november-december (72%) and adenoviruses were found most frequently in may-september (56%). Conclusion: Although only supportive therapies are administered generally in viral infections, viral investigations are important in terms of determining the measures to be taken by determining the causes as well as in terms of establishing a general database. Another benefit of this study would be strengthening clinical approach to patients and decreasing unnecessary antibiotic use. © 2014 by Turkish Pediatric Association.
