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    EVect of lisinopril on renal tissue damage in unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats
    (2012) Karabuga Ä.; Akbay K.; Turna B.; Vatansever H.S.; Altay B.; Güzel E.; Uluer E.T.; Ustun G.; Ekren F.; Nazli O.; Muftuoglu S.; Apaydin E.
    In this study, it was aimed to investigate apoptosis in renal injury and the eVect of lisinopril in rat model, which constitute unilateral ureteral obstruction. The retroperitoneal ureter was ligated with a 4.0 silk for the experimental model of ureteral obstruction in Wistar albino rats. Untreated group (n = 20) received no treatment. For the lisinopril-treated group (n = 20), 20 mg/kg/day of drug was given orally. Ultrastructural diVerences were analyzed using electron microscopic technique; apoptotic distribution was analyzed using the TUNEL method. After electron microscopic evaluation, on the 4th and 14th day in the untreated group, edema in the glomeruli, loss of microvillus and apoptotic cells in proximal tubule cells and sclerosis in the glomeruli were detected. On the 4th day in the lisinopril-treated group, the kidney was ultrastructurally normal and a less number of apoptotic cells were only observed on the 14th day. On light microscopic examination on the 4th and 14th day in the untreated group, while the glomeruli were normal in structure, the boundary of the proximal tubule was disrupted and some picnotic cells in both the proximal and collecting tubules were observed. In both 4th and 14th day of the lisinopril-treated group, kidney showed normal structure, although in some places picnotic cells in the collecting tubules were observed. In conclusion, lisinopril was eVective and it may prevent early renal damage in the direct obstruction model. © Springer-Verlag 2011.
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    The single or combined use of urine cytology, NMP22 test and telomerase test sufficient to detection of the recurrent superficial bladder tumors? [İdrar NMP22 testi·, telomeraz testi·ve si·toloji·?i?in tek veya bi·rli·kte kullanimlari yüzeyel mesane tümörü nüksleri·ni·n tanisinda yeterli·olabi·l·ir ?i?]
    (2006) Çal Ç.; Erdogan Ö.; Kosova B.; Ekren F.; Veral A.; Delibaş M.
    Introduction: In this study we aimed to compare the effectiveness of single or combined use of urine cytology, urine NMP22 test and urine telomerase level assessment in estimating recurrence in patients treated for superficial transitional epithelial carcinoma of the bladder with cystoscopy. Materials and Methods: 30 patients with superficial bladder tumors treated and followed for recurrence were included in the study. Existence of NMP22, telomerase levels in urine was investigated. Additionally, cytological evaluation of urine was performed before cystoscopy. Specificity and sensitivity of the single or combined use of NMP22, urine telomerase level and cytology were determined. Diagnostic performance of the test results was evaluated by ROC curves and Spearman correlation test was performed. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of urine NMP22 levels in the detection of superficial bladder tumors recurrence were 50% and 94%, respectively. Although the specificity of urine telomerase assessment and cytology were the highest (%100), their sensitivities were 16% and 8%, respectively. The sensitivity of NMP22 test increased when combined with telomerase assay or cytology. However, no difference was detected in the specificity of NMP22 with any combinations. The sensitivity and specificity of triple combination of tests were 66% and 94%, respectively. Statistical correlation was detected between NMP22 and cystoscopy (p=0.008). The double or triple combinations of NMP22 test with telomerase test and cytology were also in correlation with tumor recurrence (p<0.001). In terms of diagnostic value, there was no statistically significant difference determined on single use of NMP22, telomerase and cytology (p>0.05). The diagnostic performance of double or triple combination of NMP22 with telomerase assessment or cytology NMP22 was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Until the establishment of any tests to detect bladder tumor recurrence with acceptable accuracy, the guidance of tumor markers during diagnostic process and periodical cystoscopic evaluation is considered to be a reliable method.
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    What kind of differences are there between BPH and prostate cancer regarding PSA and its derivates? [BPH ve prostat kanseri·nde PSA ve türevleri·arasinda nasil ?ir fark vardir?]
    (2006) Üstün G.; Altay B.; Ekren F.; Turna B.; Semerci B.; Çikili N.
    Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the most important malignancies of male population because of its high morbidity and mortality. Early detection is important to obtain better treatment outcome. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is a key marker for early detection of prostate cancer. The aim of this retrospective study is to compare prostate specific antigen (PSA) and free/total PSA (f/t PSA) ratios in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. In addition, PSA alterations' correlation with Gleason score in prostate cancer patients and age-specific PSA levels in BPH patients were analysed. Materials and methods: A total of 662 patients, who underwent surgical treatment for BPH or patients diagnosed with primary prostate cancer at Urology Department of Ege University between January 2001 and December of 2003, were recruited in the current study. All data were achieved from patient data archives retrospectively. Patients were analysed in 2 groups: BPH (543 patients) and prostate cancer (119 patients) patients. We compared PSA, f/t PSA ratios and PSA density (PSA-D) between 2 groups. We also reviewed the correlation between PSA levels and Gleason score in prostate cancer patients and age-specific PSA levels in BPH patients. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 10.0. Results: 321 of 543 BPH cases underwent transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) and 222 BPH cases underwent suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy (SPTVP). 9 patients were diagnosed as prostate cancer pathologically who were considered as clinically BPH preoperatively. Median ages of the patients with BPH and prostate cancer are 68.5 and 66.9 years old, respectively. Median PSA in prostate cancer group was 32.3 ng/ml (0.4-165.6. ng/ml) and median PSA in BPH group was 5.3 ng/ml (0.2-19.4 ng/ml). 51 out of 543 BPH patients have PSA values more than 10 ng/ml (rate %9.3). f/t PSA ratios were available in 66 patients with prostate cancer. Median and mean f/t PSA ratios in this group were 0.14 (0.01-0.72) and 0.12, respectively. In BPH group, median and mean f/t PSA ratios were 0.19 (0.01-0.70) and 0.19, respectively. Mean PSA levels of prostate cancer patients with Gleason score of below 7.7 and above 7 were 22.7, 35.9, 32, respectively. Mean PSA levels stratified according to decades in BPH patients were 1.9 in 40-49 years old group, 3.4 in 50-59 years old group, 4.2 in 60-69 years old group, 5.8 in 70 years old and older group. Median and mean PSA density in prostate cancer (58 patients) cases were 1.38 and 0.54, respectively whereas median and mean PSA density in BPH (420) cases were 0.08 and 0.06, respectively. Conclusion: There is significant difference between prostate cancer and BPH patients with regards to f/t PSA and PSA-D values. In addition, PSA levels correlate well with Gleason scores in prostate patients. Age-specific PSA values are valid in BPH patients.