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Öğe Bioapplications of Polythiophene-g-Polyphenylalanine-Covered Surfaces(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2015) Guler E.; Akbulut H.; Bozokalfa G.; Demir B.; Eyrilmez G.O.; Yavuz M.; Demirkol D.O.; Coskunol H.; Endo T.; Yamada S.; Timur S.; Yagci Y.The fabrication of electro and bioactive surfaces by electrochemical deposition of the thiophene-functionalized polyphenylalanine macromonomer (T-g-PPhe) is reported. The resulting conducting graft copolymer, polythiophene-graft-polyphenylalanine (PT-g-PPhe) formed on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass surface, is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy. Then, possible uses of PT-g-PPhe as matrices in the sensor design for both electrochemical biosensing and cell adhesion studies are investigated. In the first part, PT-g-PPhe that is deposited on ITO is further functionalized with the arginylglycylaspartic acid peptide via 1-Ethyl-3-(3 dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide for the selective cell adhesion. Immunofluorescence staining is performed to detect the difference between adherences of "integrin ?vß3" receptor positive (U87-MG) and negative (HaCaT) cell lines on to the biofunctional surface. In the second part, an electrochemical glucose sensor is constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase on the surface of PT-g-PPhe, which is deposited on a glassy carbon electrode. Thiophene-functionalized polyphenylalanine macromonomer is synthesized and used as polymerized form "Polythiophene-graft-polyphenylalanine" in electrochemical biosensing and cell adhesion applications. Initially, it is conducted to glucose sensing via glucose oxidase immobilization, and secondly the constructed surfaces on indium tin oxide within the modification of RGD peptide are used for the selective cell binding in the way of cell viability and electrochemical biosensing platform. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Öğe BiofuNctionalized nanomaterials for targeting cancer cells(Elsevier Inc., 2017) Guler E.; Demir B.; Guler B.; Demirkol D.O.; Timur S.The therapeutic efficacy of many anticancer drugs is limited by their poor penetration into tumor tissues and by their adverse effects on healthy cells. In solid tumors, this penetration problem could cause trouble, reducing efficacy and the development of drug resistance. When these drugs are taken alone, multidrug resistance, transport of drugs out of cells, or side effects can occur. To overcome all of these flaws, design of novel carrier platforms for drug delivery to the cell with optimal dose and high efficiency are quite important. Due to these reasons, anticancer drugs need to be conjugated with the proper biomaterials, which have cell targeting and penetrating potential. The combination of nanostructures as controlled delivery systems with the anticancer drugs is an interesting area for scientists and pharmacology companies in recent years. In this chapter, we provide a brief description of the most recent developed nanomaterials and the loading of nanomaterials with a variety of drugs to prepare nanocarrier systems and enable the use of the obtained nanobiomaterials in targeting of cancer cells. © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Exploring the Internet of Things Within the New Generation Smart Home Systems: A Qualitative Study(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., 2021) Demir B.; Ventura K.Introduction: Digitalization has become crucial in our daily lives. The rapid rise of new technologies and high interest levels of individuals enforces companies to invest in these technologies. Nowadays, as customers are willing to try new experiences, companies dynamically start to find new ways to develop their products and services. One of the most popular technologies used by companies to improve their services is the Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. Education, health, transportation, retail, and energy are some of the industries in which the IoT is frequently being used. As security concerns of individuals arose and willingness to remote control increases, innovative and technological projects with IoT applications are engaged in the construction and real estate sector. Aim: The purpose of this chapter is to explore IoT applications within the new generation smart home systems. In this framework, the effect of IoT technologies on architectural structure of the smart home and operating systems as well as IoT and mobile-supported customer-focused applications and difficulties are analyzed. Method: The study is designed as an exploratory study. The data are obtained from face-to-face interviews with companies operating on technology- based commercial and residential projects. Descriptive analysis method is used to analyze data. Sample selection was carried out by the judicial sampling technique. Findings: The results showed that smart home systems offer several customer- oriented experiences to their users like personalized accessibility, comfort, time control, and energy savings. Wired and wireless communication protocols are included in the architecture of the system. Linux core software-based Android and iOS operating systems are used in order to enhance personal accessibility. However, some difficulties are noticed in the sector. Lack of information and internet infrastructure of companies that install electrical set-up are mentioned. Contractors, after sales service support, and customer-oriented applications are evaluated. © 2021 Emerald Publishing Limited.Öğe Herbal infusions of black seed and wheat germ oil: Their chemical profiles, in vitro bio-investigations and effective formulations as Phyto-Nanoemulsions(Elsevier, 2015) Gumus Z.P.; Guler E.; Demir B.; Barlas F.B.; Yavuz M.; Colpankan D.; Senisik A.M.; Teksoz S.; Unak P.; Coskunol H.; Timur S.The reported studies related to black seed oil (BSO) and wheat germ oil (WGO) have illustrated that they have a wide range of biological activities. Therefore, enhancing the amount of bio-active compounds that caused higher cell based anti-oxidative effect as well as cell proliferation, etc. in seed oils, infusion of crude plant material has been gained importance as a traditional technique. Herein, we accomplished the infusion of Calendula flowers that also contains many phyto-constituents into BSO and WGO. After the infusion of oils, the change of phytochemical amount was investigated and evaluated according to the oils by chromatography, radical scavenging activity. Subsequently, for investigating the biological impact upon live cells, cytotoxicity, cell-based antioxidant capacity, wound healing and radioprotective activity were tested with monkey kidney fibroblast like cells (Vero) and HaCaT keratinocytes. In vitro cell based experiments (wound healing and radioprotective activity) confirmed that Calendula infused BSO and WGO have greater bio-activity when compared to those plain forms. The herbal oils prepared with an effective extraction technique were incorporated into nanoemulsion systems which will be then called as 'Phyto-Nanoemulsion'. After herbal oil biomolecules were encapsulated into nanoemulsion based delivery systems, the designed formulations were investigated in terms of biological activities. In conclusion, these preparations could be a good candidate as a part of dermal cosmetic products or food supplements which have the therapeutic efficiency, especially after radio- or chemotherapy. © 2015 Elsevier B.V..Öğe Magnetic Nanofiber Layers as a Functional Surface for Biomolecule Immobilization and One-Use ‘Sensing in-a-Drop’ Applications(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018) Sanli S.; Celik E.G.; Demir B.; Gumus Z.P.; Ilktac R.; Aksuner N.; Demirkol D.O.; Timur S.Stabilization of biomolecules on matrices is critically important. Here we constructed composite nanofibers with magnetic features by electro-spinning of magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) in an appropriate polymer matrix on a collector surface for multiple uses. ‘Poly(vinylalcohol)-polyethyleneimine/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles’ (PVA-PEI/MNP) composite nanofiber was used on the screen printed electrodes (SPE) to serve as a platform for the glucose oxidase (GOx) biofilm as the model biomolecule. To show the potential application of this material as a biosensor component, the resulted biofilm, called ‘PVA-PEI/MNP/GOx’, was fixed on SPE via a neodymium magnet for the electrochemical detection of glucose at -0.7 V where oxygen consumption due to enzymatic reaction was measured. The main advantage of the obtained magnetic biomembrane is that it allows analysis with a single drop. After step-by-step surface modifications, analytical characterization was performed using various techniques, such as voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as microscopic techniques. The linear range of the PVA-PEI/MNP/GOx surface was found as 0.0125 to 0.5 mM with a limit of detection of 11.5 µM for glucose as analyte. The application of PVA-PEI/MNP/GOx for glucose detection in synthetic samples was carried out. Data proved the potential use of the ‘PVA-PEI/MNP’ surface as a biomolecule immobilization platform for disposable biosensor applications. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, WeinheimÖğe Multimodal theranostic assemblies: Double encapsulation of protoporphyrine-IX/Gd3+ inniosomes(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Barlas F.B.; Demir B.; Guler E.; Senisik A.M.; Arican H.A.; Unake P.; Timur S.Theranostic therapy is one of the most promising methods in cancer research, which simultaneously allows the treating and real-time monitoring of cancer. In the present study, a new method was developed to achieve advanced theranostic therapy by double encapsulation of gadolinium nanoparticles (GdNP) and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) into niosomes. Hereby, niosomes are used for encapsulation of GdNP and PpIX, which will be called 'Gd-PpIX-NI'. Niosomes are chosen as the encapsulation material owing to their high biocompatibility, physical and chemical stability, and fair price. On the other hand, GdNP and PpIX are good sensitizers for radiotherapy (RT) and, particularly, porphyrin structures are one of the most studied agents for photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, a multimodal treatment was performed with the combination of PDT and RT by using human alveolar type-II (ATII)-like cells (A549) and human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). Moreover, 'Gd-PpIX-NI' serves as a dual cell imaging probe that provides both fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. Characterization of the sizes and zeta potential of the niosomal vesicles was carried out by dynamic light scattering and atomic force microscopy. To determine the cell viability after treatment with Gd-PpIX-NI, followed by PDT and RT application, the MTT method was used. The results showed that Gd-PpIX-NI assembling was homogeneous and consistent in terms of particle size, which is less than 100 nm. This material has potential as a good candidate for both PDT and RT, as well as diagnosis. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.Öğe Niosomes of Nerium oleander extracts: In vitro assessment of bioactive nanovesicular structures(Editions de Sante, 2017) Gunes A.; Guler E.; Un R.N.; Demir B.; Barlas F.B.; Yavuz M.; Coskunol H.; Timur S.Niosomes are known as non-ionic surfactant-based vesicles and have been used quite a lot for medical applications as a novel drug delivery system in recent years. Herein we describe, the preparation and characterization of niosomes containing oleander (Nerium oleander) (ONs) extract as the herbal compound. In this context, niosomal formulations of two different extracts obtained from oleander roots were prepared by a thin film hydration technique using Tween 60 (non-ionic surfactant) with a cholesterol mixture at 1:1 M ratio. These vesicular structures were characterised by various techniques such as atomic force microscopy, zeta potential and dynamic light scattering size measurements. ONs vesicles are less than 100 nm in size with a good physical stability more than 50 days. Initially, total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of the extracts were investigated. The methanol extract of oleander roots (MOE) showed higher polyphenolic content and exhibits a better antioxidant activity in compared to the hydro-methanol (20% methanol) extract (MOWE). Total phenolic contents in the MOE and MOWE were calculated as 64.51 ± 0.945 µg/mg and 65.05 ± 0.37 µg/mg gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Encapsulation efficiencies of the vesicles were found as 16.2% for MON (contain MOE) and 13.24% for MWON (contain MOWE). The significant linear correlation was confirmed between the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of extracts as well as ONs. Cell based cytotoxic activities of methanol extract and MON formulations were also assessed via MTT assay using HeLa and A549 cell lines. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.Öğe A novel immobilization matrix for the biosensing of phenol: Self assembled monolayers of calixarenes [Phenolün biyosensörle belirlenmesi için yeni bir immobilizasyon matriksi: Kaliksarenlerin kendiliğinden oluşan tek tabakaları](Turkish Biochemistry Society, 2017) Tasci F.; Sayin S.; Seleci D.A.; Demir B.; Azak H.; Yildiz H.B.; Demirkol D.O.; Timur S.Aim: The development of calixarene based phenol biosensor. Methods: This study describes the application of a calixarene derivative, 5,17-diamino-25,27-bis(3-thiol-1-oxypropane)-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene (HS-Calix-NH2) which has both amino and thiol functionalities, in the practical surface modifications for biomolecule binding. The structure of HS-Calix-NH2 allows easy interaction with Au surface and one-step biomolecule immobilization. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of p-aminofunctionalized mercaptoalkylcalixarene (HS-Calix-NH2) were formed onto the Au electrode. Then, Laccase (Lac) enzyme was immobilized onto the modified surface by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde (GA). Resulted electrode (HS-Calix-NH2/Lac) was used for the electrochemical analysis of phenolic compounds at - 50 mV. Results: The linearity was observed in the range of 0.1-100 µM and 1.0-100 µM for catechol and phenol, respectively. The potential use of the biosensor was investigated for phenol analysis in artificial samples which simulate the industrial waste water, which is highly acidic and composed of concentrated salt, without needing any sample pre-treatment step. Conclusion: The prepared Lac biosensor has a potential for rapid, selective and easy detection of phenolic contaminations in samples. © 2017 Turkish Biochemistry Society. All rights reserved.Öğe Polypeptide with electroactive endgroups as sensing platform for the abused drug ‘methamphetamine’ by bioelectrochemical method(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Demir B.; Yilmaz T.; Guler E.; Gumus Z.P.; Akbulut H.; Aldemir E.; Coskunol H.; Colak D.G.; Cianga I.; Yamada S.; Timur S.; Endo T.; Yagci Y.Affinity-type sensors have emerged as outstanding platforms in the detection of diagnostic protein markers, nucleic acids and drugs. Thus, these novel platforms containing antibodies could be integrated into the monitoring systems for abused drugs. Herein, we established a novel detection platform for the analysis of a common illicit drug; methamphetamine (METH). Initially, a fluorescent-labeled polypeptide (EDOT-BTDA-Pala), derived from L-alanine N-carboxyanhydride (L-Ala-NCA) via ring-opening polymerization using 4,7-bis(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-5,6-diamine (EDOT-NH2-BTDA) as initiator, was employed as a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) covering host, in order to immobilize the METH-selective antibody. Prior to the examination of analytical features, GCE/EDOT-BTDA-Pala/Antibody surface was successfully characterized in the way of electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) and microscopic techniques (scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy). As for the analytical characterization, linearity and limit of detection (LOD) were found as 10–100 µg/mL with an equation of y=0.0429x-0.2347, (R2=0.996) and 13.07 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, sample application using artificial urine, saliva and serum samples spiked with METH (10, 25, 50 µg/mL) were performed and LC-MS/MS system was used for further confirmation. The described platform can be adapted to monitor the other types of abused drugs by using suitably selected biorecognition elements. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.Öğe Polythiophene-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with Lateral Amino Groups as a Novel Matrix for Biosensor Construction(American Chemical Society, 2015) Akbulut H.; Bozokalfa G.; Asker D.N.; Demir B.; Guler E.; Odaci Demirkol D.; Timur S.; Yagci Y.In the ever-expanding field of conducting polymer research, functionalized graft hybrid copolymers have gained considerable interest in the biomedical engineering and biosensing applications, particularly. In the present work, a new biosensor based on conducting graft copolymer for the detection of phenolic compounds was developed. Thereby, a robust and novel material, namely "polythiophene-g-poly(ethylene glycol) with lateral amino groups" (PT-NH2-g-PEG) hybrid conducting polymer was synthesized via Suzuki condensation polymerization and characterized with 1H NMR analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and fluorescence spectroscopy. PT-NH2-g-PEG architecture was then applied as an immobilization matrix to accomplish extended biosensing function. In a typical process, Laccase was utilized as a model enzyme for the detection of phenolic compounds. Detailed surface characterization of PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac was performed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy measurements. Optimum pH and polymer amount were found to be pH 6.5 and 0.5 mg polymer, respectively, with the linear range of 0.0025-0.05 mM and 132.45 µA/mM sensitivity. The kinetic parameters of PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac are 0.026 mM for Kmapp and 7.38 µA for Imax, respectively. Furthermore, the PT-NH2-g-PEG/Lac biofilm was retained 82% of its activity for 12 days indicating excellent recovery as tested with artificial wastewater. © 2015 American Chemical Society.Öğe A rare cause of mechanical obstruction: Intestinal myeloid sarcoma [Nadirbir mekanik barsak tikaniklig? nedeni: Intestinal miyeloid sarkom](AVES Ibrahim Kara, 2014) Yoldaş T.; Erol V.; Demir B.; Hoşcoşkun C.Myeloid sarcoma is a rare aggressive tumour that originates from immature extramedullary myeloid cells. It can be seen as a relapse in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Sometimes it can be seen in the form of a solid tumour without any evidence of leukaemia. A case of a 44-year-old male patient who was admitted with symptoms and signs of mechanical intestinal bowel obstruction was operated on. The operation findings showed small bowel obstruction due to a mass. The mass was then resected with end-to-end intestinal anastomosis. The resected mass pathology results were consistent with myeloid sarcoma. The post-operative period was uneventful and adjuvant therapy was applied. In this case report we aimed to evaluate the clinical signs and treatment modalities of small intestinal myeloid sarcoma. ©Copyright 2014 by Turkish Surgical Association.Öğe The relief of Harput: A new page in the art history of ancient anatolia(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2021) Abay E.; Demir B.; Sevin V.In the spring of 2016 a unique stone slab carved in relief was accidentally discovered on Kurey Tepesi near Harput/Elazi? in eastern Turkey. The relief depicts the capture of a heavily fortified city in horizontally arranged registers. At first sight it comes to recognition that the Harput Relief stands in the tradition of Mesopotamian victory steles, starting with the Eannatum Stele (Stele of Vultures) in Early Dynastic Sumer (c. 2900-2350 BC) and continuing with the kings of Akkad (c. 2350-2150 BC). From a stylistic and iconographic point of view, the relief seems closer to the victory stele of Daduša of Ešnunna and the Mardin Stele of the early Old Babylonian period (c. 2000-1600 BC). The subsequently excavated archaeological context, a heavily burned architectural layer, contained Middle Bronze Age I pottery typical of the Elazl?-Malatya region, corroborating a date in the early second millennium BC. © 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.Öğe Routine calcitonin measurement in nodular thyroid disease management: Is it worthwhile?(Korean Surgical Society, 2017) Turk Y.; Makay O.; Ozdemir M.; Ertunc G.; Demir B.; Icoz G.; Akyildiz M.; Yilmaz M.Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of routine calcitonin measurement in patients with nodular thyroid disease. Methods: Consecutive patients with nodular thyroid disease (n = 640) were studied. Serum calcitonin levels were measured under basal conditions, and when basal values were between 10-100 pg/mL, testing was repeated after pentagastrin (PG) stimulation. Patients with previously diagnosed or familial medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) were excluded. Patients were operated on when basal or stimulated calcitonin >100 pg/mL or when other surgical indications were present. Results: Four cases of MTC were identified. MTC was diagnosed in 75% of patients with basal calcitonin >100 pg/mL. One out of 11 patients with basal calcitonin between 10-100 pg/mL was diagnosed with MTC. PG stimulation resulted in elevation in 4 cases, where 1 case was diagnosed with MTC. Positive predictive value for basal calcitonin levels in the preoperative diagnosis of MTC was 5% for values between 10-100 pg/mL and 100% for values >100 pg/mL. Possible reasons for false positivity were papillary thyroid cancer in 17%, renal insufficiency in 8.3%, Hashimoto thyroiditis in 17% and ß-blocker use in 33%. Positive predictive value for the PG test (>100 pg/mL) was 25% in the entire series. The cost of adding calcitonin measurement (±PG stimulation) to the preoperative work-up, resulted in ?912.68 per MTC patient to detect the disease. Conclusion: Basal calcitonin measurement together with PG stimulation in cases of basal calcitonin >10 pg/mL detects MTC in 0.62% of patients with nodular thyroid disease. Copyright © 2017, the Korean Surgical Society.Öğe Selective Cell Adhesion and Biosensing Applications of Bio-Active Block Copolymers Prepared by CuAAC/Thiol-ene Double Click Reactions(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2015) Oyman Eyrilmez G.; Doran S.; Murtezi E.; Demir B.; Odaci Demirkol D.; Coskunol H.; Timur S.; Yagci Y.N-Acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC)-capped poly(methyl methacrylate)-b-polycaprolactone block copolymer (PMMA-b-PCL-NAC) was prepared using the previously described one-pot photoinduced sequential CuAAC/thiol-ene double click procedure. PMMA-b-PCL-NAC had previously shown good applicability as a matrix for cell adhesion of cells from the Vero cell line (African green monkey kidney epithelial). Here, in this work, PMMA-b-PCL-NAC served as an excellent immobilization matrix for biomolecule conjugation. Covalent binding of RGD (R: arginine, G: glycine, and D: aspartic acid) peptide sequence onto the PMMA-b-PCL-NAC-coated surface was performed via EDC chemistry. RGD-modified PMMA-b-PCL-NAC (PMMA-b-PCL-NAC-RGD) as a non-toxic cell proliferation platform was used for selective "integrin ?vß3-mediated cell adhesion and biosensing studies. Both optical and electrochemical techniques were used to monitor the adhesion differences between "integrin ?vß3" receptor positive and negative cell lines on to the designed biofunctional surfaces. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Öğe Targeting and imaging of cancer cells using nanomaterials(Elsevier Inc., 2016) Guler B.; Demir B.; Guler E.; Gulec K.; Yesiltepe O.; Odaci Demirkol D.; Timur S.The combination of many nanomaterials and biological components gives the researchers the advantages of both. Recognizing the properties of biocomponents provides selectivity and sensitivity. On the other hand mechanical, catalytical and optical features of nanomaterials make possible the implementation of biomaterials in different fields. Nanomaterials covered with biological materials have great potential in a variety of applications such as bio-detection technologies, targeting and imaging of cancer cells, biofuel cells, food and beverage industry, etc. The use of nanomaterials in medical imaging is increasing rapidly. In this chapter, we provide a brief description of nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, vesicular systems, and the decoration techniques of nanomaterials with a variety of biological molecules to prepare nanocarrier systems and the use of the obtained nanobiomaterials in targeting and visualization of cancer cells. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..Öğe Theranostic niosomes as a promising tool for combined therapy and diagnosis: "all-in-one" approach(American Chemical Society, 2018) Demir B.; Barlas F.B.; Gumus Z.P.; Unak P.; Timur S.Because of the great achievement and progress made for the generation of novel nanostructures, theranostic nanoplatforms have been the trending topic because of their intensive capability of therapy and diagnosis. Hence, theranostics have also recently been a generic strategy for personalized medicine. Moreover, traditional therapy modalities limit the use of chemotherapeutic agents for every patient, and this requires more effective drug-carrier systems by designing the formulation of drug in a specified way. Herein, we performed a generic theranostic platform in an "all-in-one" concept by the combination of two therapy modalities with an active targeting approach. To achieve this, 10 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) were encapsulated into folic acid (FA-)tagged niosome vesicles. The resulting AuNP-PpIX-FA niosomes were characterized, and their particle size was93 ± 17 nm with a high surface charge and encapsulation efficiency (around 85%). In the case of bioapplications for AuNP-PpIX-FA niosomes, folate-receptor-positive [FR(+)] human cervical cancer (HeLa) and FR-negative [FR(-)] human alveolar type II (A549)-like cell lines were examined with the relative control groups of theranostic vesicles. By testing the toxicity of vesicles, nontoxic concentrations were successfully introduced to the cell with the combined treatment of radiotherapy and photodynamic therapy. On the other hand, the cellular uptake of niosomes also showed great potential for FR(+) HeLa cells as the theranostic platform with an all-in-one approach. Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society.Öğe Turkish endocrine surgery publications in international scientific journals [Uluslararasi bilimsel dergilerdeki Türk endokrin cerrahisi yayinlari](AVES Ibrahim Kara, 2015) Demir B.; Alçi E.; Hasanov R.; Mulailua K.; Makay Ö.; Koçak S.Objective: In recent years, major progress has been made in the field of endocrine surgery in Turkey, similar to that in the rest of the world. Parallel to these developments, there has been a significant increase in the number of publications in the related field. Our study aimed to evaluate Turkey's publications related to endocrine surgery in the international arena. Material and Methods: Members of the general surgery departments from academic centers in Turkey were determined. Using these member names, a PubMed search was performed for English papers related to "endocrine surgery."For searching papers from non-academic centers, the same engine was used. To reach manuscripts possibly missed by the PubMed search, 3 national calls were made through the website of the Turkish Society of Endocrine Surgery. The obtained papers were divided into "thyroid," "parathyroid," "adrenal," and "neuroendocrine tumors"and were listed according to the publication year. In addition, all manuscripts were listed according to the publishing journal and the 2012 impact factor of that journal. This study did not require ethical approval, because it did not involve evaluation of experimental or patient data. Results: A search of Turkish general surgery clinics revealed 497 international publications, between 1976 and 2012. When listed according to the year of publication, most publications were found to be in the year 2009. Papers appeared mostly in "Surgery Today." The mean impact factor of the journals where the papers have been published was 1.9 (0.1-13.8). The rates of thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal tissue and neuroendocrine tumors related publications were 69%, 10%, 15% and 6%, respectively. Since this study is not an experimental study or a study related to patient data, we did not apply for ethical approval. Conclusion: The contribution of Turkish general surgeons' to world science is apparent when evaluated in terms of publications related to endocrine surgery until recently. Particularly, since 2002, with the increase in the number of publications in the field of endocrine surgery, there has been an increase in Turkey's importance on the international platform. ©Copyright 2015 by Turkish Surgical Association.
