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Öğe Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and acute toxicity of Achillea nobilis subsp neilreichii extract in mice and rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2007) Karabay-Yavasoglu, N. U.; Karamenderes, C.; Baykan, S.; Apaydin, S.The ethanol extract of Achillea nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek (Asteraceae) flower heads was investigated for its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and for acute toxicity in mice and rats. While the extract exhibited an antinociceptive effect during the late phase of the formalin test (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, i.p.) and an anti-inflammatory effect in the paw edema test (100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.), it did not exert any significant antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick test. Furthermore, administration of 400 mg/kg extract increased the latency to hot-plate test at 60 and 90 min. No significant change was detected in sensory motor performance. The acute LC50 value of the extract was 4456 mg/kg (i.p.) in mice. The current results demonstrate that an ethanol extract of A. nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii exerts anti-inflammatory activity.Öğe Development and Optimization of Self-emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS) for Enhanced Dissolution and Permeability of Rosuvastatin(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2016) Karasulu, H. Y.; Gundogdu, E.; Turgay, T.; Turk, U. O.; Apaydin, S.; Simsir, I. Yildirim; Yilmaz, C.; Karasulu, E.Rosuvastatin calcium is commonly used statin for treatment of dyslipidemia. It has low bioavailability. The aim of this study was to develop new rosuvastatin calcium self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) as an alternative formulation and to evaluate the permeability of rosuvastatin calcium SEDDS by using Caco-2 cells. Rosuvastatin calcium SEDDSs were developed by using pseudo ternary phase diagram and characterized by using heating cooling cycle, robustness to dilution, stability and in vitro drug release and permeability. The permeability studies of rosuvastatin calcium SEDDS (P-app (A -> B) for F1-RS = 1.492x10(-5)+/- 0.413x10(-5) and Papp (A. B) for F2-RS= 1.254x10(-5)+/- 0.19x10(-5)) across Caco-2 cells showed that permeability value from apical to basolateral was higher than permeability value of commercial formulation (Papp (A -> B) = 7.13x10(-5)+/- 0.668x10(-5)). In conclusion, SEDDS as a drug carrier may be used as an effective and alternative hyperlipidemia therapy for oral delivery of rosuvastatin calcium.Öğe Development of a rational antibiotic usage course for dentists(Wiley, 2008) Oecek, Z.; Sahin, H.; Baksi, G.; Apaydin, S.Aim: The aims of this report are to describe the development process of this rational antibiotic usage course and to evaluate the short-term efficiency of the course in terms of the level of improvement in knowledge and feedbacks of the participants. Materials and Methods: A needs assessment survey was carried out on the curriculum development process in order to determine the patterns of drug usage and level of knowledge on antibiotics of potential participants. A total of 162 dentists from two dental hospitals in Izmir were interviewed using standard questionnaires. The course content and educational strategies were determined according to the needs assessment results. Fifty-eight dentists applied to the first three courses conducted between 2002 and 2004. Pre/post-test design was performed for level of improvement in knowledge and a questionnaire form, scored by Likert Scale with 5 point, was used for participants' feedback. Results: The mean score, which was 9.74 +/- 2.71 in pre-test, increased to 18.16 +/- 1.58 in post-test and the difference was significant (t = -28.805; P = 0.000). The knowledge and approach of the trainers was appreciated most of all. Participants enjoyed the course very much, and reported a high level of satisfaction regarding the content, trainers, educational techniques and teaching material. The suggestions for future courses included increasing the course length (21.2%). Results from the needs assessment survey revealed that the study population over-used antibiotics, relied on incorrect sources of information, was unaware of the results of irrational antibiotic usage and did not check sufficiently with patients before prescribing. Conclusions: These findings supported the need for regular courses in the application of antibiotics in dental practice and continuous refreshment of knowledge.Öğe Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Mycophenolate Sodium in Patients With De Novo and Maintenance Renal Transplantation: Results of a Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2011) Arinsoy, T.; Uslu, A.; Mir, S.; Titiz, I.; Gonenc, F.; Celik, A.; Apaydin, S.; Kacar, S.; Guvence, N.; Turkmen, A.Objective. This study evaluates the effect of enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) on patient and graft survivals, the incidence of rejection episodes, and graft function among de novo and maintenance renal transplant recipients. Patients and Methods. This open label, multicenter, prospective, post-marketing observational study of 470 renal transplantation patients at 23 centers in Turkey includes 331 de novo patients whose mean age was 29.6 +/- 13.2 years and 139 maintenance patients of 34.0 +/- 13.0 years. The latter subjects had EC-MPS substituted for mycophenolate mofetil or added to the immunosuppressive therapy. Patients were followed for 12 months to evaluate graft function and treatment failure. Results. The most common primary disease requiring transplantation was glomerulonephritis (24.3%). De novo and maintenance groups were similar in terms of overall rejection rates and acute rejection incidence whereas chronic rejection was evident only among the latter cohort (P < 0.001). Time to an acute rejection episode was significantly longer among maintenance rather than de novo patients (220.8 versus 18.7 months; P = 0.015). Overall, 12 and 36 month survival rates were 91.6 +/- 1.3% and 86.9% +/- 0.3% among subjects experiencing acute rejection versus 99.7 +/- 0.2% and 50.3% for those displaying chronic rejection. Among maintenance group no deterioration of renal function was observed after conversion from mycophenolate mofetil to EC-MPS. The incidences of leukopenia, new-onset anemia, or liver dysfunction were similar between de novo and maintenance patients. Gastrointestinal discomfort was more prevalent among the maintenance group, reaching a significant level at the fourth visit (P < 0.05). EC-MPS dose reduction was required in only 16.7% of patients at visit, it was more frequent among the de novo group (17.9 versus 13.8%). Conclusion. EC-MPS was an effective adjunctive therapy for de novo as well as maintenance renal transplant recipients in the Turkish population due to a relatively low incidence of dose reductions necessitated by adverse events as well as with an increased likelihood of long-term graft survival.
