Unveiling adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change in the Mediterranean region: A comprehensive review

The Mediterranean region is a climate change hotspot, experiencing rapid warming and increased frequency of extreme weather events. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of adaptation and mitigation strategies necessary to address these climate challenges. It synthesizes findings from 96 scientific articles, emphasizing the critical need for integrated urban planning, sustainable land management, and robust policy frameworks. Key uncertainties include the variability of climate projections and challenges in policy implementation. The chapter also highlights the importance of ecosystem services and nature-based solutions in enhancing urban resilience. By examining the interplay between climate change, biodiversity, and socioeconomic factors, the review underscores the necessity for multiscale approaches and international collaboration to ensure sustainable development in the Mediterranean region. This work contributes to the growing body of literature advocating for adaptive strategies that are both regionally specific and globally relevant. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.