Adaptable Runtime Monitoring for Intermittent Systems

Batteryless energy harvesting devices compute intermittently due to power failures that frequently interrupt the computational activity and lead to charging delays. To ensure functional correctness in intermittent computing, applications must exhibit several unique properties, such as guarantees for computational progress despite power failures and prevention of stale operations caused by charging delays. We observe that current software support for intermittent computing allows for checking only a fixed set of properties and leads to tightly coupled application and property-checking, thus hampering modularity, scalability, and maintainability. In this paper, we present ARTEMIS, the first framework designed to facilitate flexible property checking of intermittent programs at runtime. ARTEMIS is developed based on techniques from the area of runtime monitoring, offers a specification language for specifying an open set of properties, and provides automatic generation of monitors responsible for checking the properties. Our evaluation showed that ARTEMIS achieves comparable efficiency to state-of-the-art solutions while significantly preventing failure scenarios through its monitoring capabilities. © 2024 ACM.