Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathways

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dc.contributor.authorZenetos, A.
dc.contributor.authorGofas, S.
dc.contributor.authorMorri, C.
dc.contributor.authorRosso, A.
dc.contributor.authorViolanti, D.
dc.contributor.authorGarcia Raso, J. E.
dc.contributor.authorCinar, M. E.
dc.contributor.authorAlmogi-Labin, A.
dc.contributor.authorAtes, A. S.
dc.contributor.authorAzzurro, E.
dc.contributor.authorBallesteros, E.
dc.contributor.authorBianchi, C. N.
dc.contributor.authorBilecenoglu, M.
dc.contributor.authorGambi, M. C.
dc.contributor.authorGiangrande, A.
dc.contributor.authorGravili, C.
dc.contributor.authorHyams-Kaphzan, O.
dc.contributor.authorKarachle, P. K.
dc.contributor.authorKatsanevakis, S.
dc.contributor.authorLipej, L.
dc.contributor.authorMastrototaro, F.
dc.contributor.authorMineur, F.
dc.contributor.authorPancucci-Papadopoulou, M. A.
dc.contributor.authorRamos Espla, A.
dc.contributor.authorSalas, C.
dc.contributor.authorSan Martin, G.
dc.contributor.authorSfriso, A.
dc.contributor.authorStreftaris, N.
dc.contributor.authorVerlaque, M.
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-27T21:40:46Z
dc.date.available2019-10-27T21:40:46Z
dc.date.issued2012
dc.departmentEge Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractMore than 60 marine non-indigenous species (NIS) have been removed from previous lists and 84 species have been added, bringing the total to 986 alien species in the Mediterranean [(775 in the eastern Mediterranean (EMED), 249 in the central Mediterranean (CMED), 190 in the Adriatic Sea (ADRIA) and 308 in the western Mediterranean (WMED)]. There were 48 new entries since 2011 which can be interpreted as approximately one new entry every two weeks. The number of alien species continues to increase, by 2-3 species per year for macrophytes, molluscs and polychaetes, 3-4 species per year for crustaceans, and 6 species per year for fish. The dominant group among alien species is molluscs (with 215 species), followed by crustaceans (159) and polychaetes (132). Macrophytes are the leading group of NIS in the ADRIA and the WMED, reaching 26-30% of all aliens, whereas in the EMED they barely constitute 10% of the introductions. In the EMED, molluscs are the most species-rich group, followed by crustaceans, fish and polychaetes. More than half (54%) of the marine alien species in the Mediterranean were probably introduced by corridors (mainly Suez). Shipping is blamed directly for the introduction of only 12 species, whereas it is assumed to be the most likely pathway of introduction (via ballasts or fouling) of another 300 species. For approximately 100 species shipping is a probable pathway along with the Suez Canal and/or aquaculture. Approximately 20 species have been introduced with certainty via aquaculture, while >50 species (mostly macroalgae), occurring in the vicinity of oyster farms, are assumed to be introduced accidentally as contaminants of imported species. A total of 18 species are assumed to have been introduced by the aquarium trade. Lessepsian species decline westwards, while the reverse pattern is evident for ship-mediated species and for those introduced with aquaculture. There is an increasing trend in new introductions via the Suez Canal and via shipping.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean CommunityEuropean Community (EC) [287600]; Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas of the UNEP/ Mediterranean Action Plan [67 /2011/RAC/RPA, 68 /2011/RAC/RPA, 69 /2011/RAC/RPA, 70 /2011/RAC/RPA, 71 /2011/RAC/RPA]en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to thank G. Minos, P. Psomadakis, and D. Golani, for commenting on the nomenclature, distribution and establishment success of the fish and the anonymous reviewers whose comments substantially improved the quality of the manuscript. Sincere thanks are due to Mr N.J. Xentidis for preparing the figures. The research leading to these results was partly supported by funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme ([FP7/2007-2013]) under grant agreement no 287600 - PERSEUS project (Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research for the Southern European Seas). MAMIAS has been developed for the Regional Activity Centre for Specially Protected Areas of the UNEP/ Mediterranean Action Plan under contracts No 67, 68, 69, 70 and 71 /2011/RAC/RPA.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.12681/mms.327
dc.identifier.endpage352en_US
dc.identifier.issn1108-393X
dc.identifier.issn1108-393Xen_US
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage328en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.12681/mms.327
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11454/46353
dc.identifier.volume13en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000315934300019en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNatl Centre Marine Researchen_US
dc.relation.ispartofMediterranean Marine Scienceen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectBiological invasionsen_US
dc.subjectmarine aliensen_US
dc.subjectbiogeographyen_US
dc.subjecttrendsen_US
dc.subjectpathwaysen_US
dc.subjectMediterranean Seaen_US
dc.titleAlien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2012. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part 2. Introduction trends and pathwaysen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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