Aerosols as Vectors for Contaminants: A Perspective Based on Outdoor Aerosol Data from Kuwait

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dc.authoridUddin, Saif/0000-0003-4698-2225
dc.authoridHabibi, Nazima/0000-0003-0752-4774
dc.authorscopusid35270585500
dc.authorscopusid57193065974
dc.authorscopusid55605780828
dc.authorscopusid7006983163
dc.authorscopusid6602445006
dc.authorscopusid57226490349
dc.authorscopusid56531958700
dc.authorwosidUddin, Saif/J-4772-2013
dc.contributor.authorUddin, Saif
dc.contributor.authorHabibi, Nazima
dc.contributor.authorFowler, Scott W.
dc.contributor.authorBehbehani, Montaha
dc.contributor.authorGevao, Bondi
dc.contributor.authorFaizuddin, Mohammad
dc.contributor.authorGorgun, Aysun Ugur
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-25T18:53:03Z
dc.date.available2024-08-25T18:53:03Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.departmentEge Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe Middle East is a hot spot of dust, and there are reports of as much as 1400 mu g m(-3) of dust in aerosols from Kuwait, which is among some of the highest dust loadings globally. A significant volume of literature has emerged on dust-air-quality-human-health, and the World Health Organization in its recent air quality guidelines has lowered the limit of annual PM2.5 exposure to 5 mu g m(-3) from the previous limit of 10 mu g m(-3). We present a mini-review based on a screening and search of the published data generated in Kuwait on contaminants associated with dust in different size fractions. We also include an unpublished study on organic contaminants in size-fractionated aerosols. The Sigma PAHs concentrations in all the six size fractions range between 570 and 3350 pg m(-3). The n-ary sumation Sigma BDE concentration ranges from <- 2 to 1307 pg m(-3). The average Po-210 activity in aerosol size classes varies between 2289 and 2581 Bq kg(-1). The average Pb-210 concentration varies between 352 and 412 Bq kg(-1). The MP inventory in Kuwait's outdoor aerosol is between 5 and 35 MP in 815 +/- 5 m(3) of air. The bacterial load in outdoor aerosols is between 6.05 x 10(3) cells m(-3) and 1.24 x 10(8) cells m(-3). The fungal load ranges between 2.11 x 10(2) cells m(-3) and 2.66 x 10(6) cells m(-3). The data suggest that the inhalable fraction of <2.5 mu m size contains high concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Po-210, Pb-210, microplastics, and microbes. These enriched ultrafine aerosols pose a significant risk to human health. The review also highlights the scarcity of contaminant data in respirable and inhalable size fractions that are critical for a comprehensive inhalation risk assessment.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/atmos14030470
dc.identifier.issn2073-4433
dc.identifier.issue3en_US
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85152616281en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030470
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11454/102958
dc.identifier.volume14en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000953843500001en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.relation.ispartofAtmosphereen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.snmz20240825_Gen_US
dc.subjectsize-fractionateden_US
dc.subjectaerosolen_US
dc.subjectPM2.5en_US
dc.subjectPAHsen_US
dc.subjectPBDEsen_US
dc.subjectPo-210en_US
dc.subjectmicroplasticsen_US
dc.subjectPolycyclic Aromatic-Hydrocarbonsen_US
dc.subjectPolybrominated Diphenyl Ethersen_US
dc.subjectPersistent Organic Pollutantsen_US
dc.subjectParticle-Size Distributionsen_US
dc.subjectAirborne Microplasticsen_US
dc.subjectMarine-Environmenten_US
dc.subjectDust Stormsen_US
dc.subjectPolychlorinated-Biphenylsen_US
dc.subjectAtmospheric Depositionen_US
dc.subjectFresh-Wateren_US
dc.titleAerosols as Vectors for Contaminants: A Perspective Based on Outdoor Aerosol Data from Kuwaiten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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