Alien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distribution

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dc.contributor.authorZenetos, A.
dc.contributor.authorGofas, S.
dc.contributor.authorVerlaque, M.
dc.contributor.authorCinar, M. E.
dc.contributor.authorGarcia Raso, J. E.
dc.contributor.authorBianchi, C. N.
dc.contributor.authorMorri, C.
dc.contributor.authorAzzurro, E.
dc.contributor.authorBilecenoglu, M.
dc.contributor.authorFroglia, C.
dc.contributor.authorSiokou, I.
dc.contributor.authorViolanti, D.
dc.contributor.authorSfriso, A.
dc.contributor.authorSan Martin, G.
dc.contributor.authorGiangrande, A.
dc.contributor.authorKatagan, T.
dc.contributor.authorBallesteros, E.
dc.contributor.authorRamos-Espla, A.
dc.contributor.authorMastrototaro, F.
dc.contributor.authorOcana, O.
dc.contributor.authorZingone, A.
dc.contributor.authorGambi, M. C.
dc.contributor.authorStreftaris, N.
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-27T21:29:24Z
dc.date.available2019-10-27T21:29:24Z
dc.date.issued2010
dc.departmentEge Üniversitesien_US
dc.description.abstractThe state-of-art on alien species in the Mediterranean Sea is presented, making distinctions among the four subregions defined in the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive: (i) the Western Mediterranean Sea (WMED); (ii) the Central Mediterranean Sea (CMED); (iii) the Adriatic Sea (ADRIA); and (iv) the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMED). The updated checklist (December 2010) of marine alien species within each subregion, along with their acclimatization status and origin, is provided. A total of 955 alien species is known in the Mediterranean, the vast majority of them having being introduced in the EMED (718), less in the WMED (328) and CMED (267) and least in the Adriatic (171). Of these, 535 species (56%) are established in at least one area. Despite the collective effort of experts who attempted in this work, the number of introduced species remains probably underestimated. Excluding microalgae, for which knowledge is still insufficient, aliens have increased the total species richness of the Mediterranean Sea by 5.9%. This figure should not be directly read as an indication of higher biodiversity, as spreading of so many aliens within the basin is possibly causing biotic homogenization. Thermophilic species, i.e. Indo-Pacific, Indian Ocean, Red Sea, Tropical Atlantic, Tropical Pacific, and circum(sub)tropical, account for 88.4% of the introduced species in the EMED, 72.8% in the CMED, 59.3% in the WMED and 56.1% in the Adriatic. Cold water species, i.e. circumboreal, N Atlantic, and N Pacific, make up a small percentage of the introduced species, ranging between 4.2% and 21.6% and being more numerous in the Adriatic and less so in the EMED. Species that are classified as invasive or potentially invasive are 134 in the whole of the Mediterranean: 108 are present in the EMED, 75 in the CMED, 53 in the Adriatic and 64 in the WMED. The WMED hosts most invasive macrophytes, whereas the EMED has the lion's share in polychaetes, crustaceans, molluscs and fish.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipSEBI2010 - Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators Expert Group 5; EUEuropean Union (EU) [036949]; Italian Ministry for the Environmenten_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe work was initiated under the auspices of the SEBI2010 - Streamlining European 2010 Biodiversity Indicators Expert Group 5: Numbers and costs of invasive alien species.; Further research on the distribution of alien species in the Mediterranean Sea has been carried out in the frame of the Integrated Project 'SESAME' (Southern European Seas: Assessing and Modelling Ecosystem changes: Project no: 036949) funded by the EU [A. Zenetos, I. Siokou and N. Streftaris] and in the frame of the research project The impacts of biological invasions and climate change on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea' (C.N. Bianchi and C. Morri), an Italy-Israel co-operation funded by the Italian Ministry for the Environment. Special thanks are due to C. Salas Casanova and A. Logan whose constructive criticism and suggestions have improved the manuscript.en_US
dc.identifier.doi10.12681/mms.87
dc.identifier.endpage493en_US
dc.identifier.issn1108-393X
dc.identifier.issn1108-393Xen_US
dc.identifier.issue2en_US
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ2en_US
dc.identifier.startpage381en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.12681/mms.87
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11454/45276
dc.identifier.volume11en_US
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000288831000015en_US
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ4en_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopusen_US
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Scienceen_US
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherNatl Centre Marine Researchen_US
dc.relation.ispartofMediterranean Marine Scienceen_US
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Ulusal Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanıen_US
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessen_US
dc.subjectBiological invasionsen_US
dc.subjectMarine aliensen_US
dc.subjectBiogeographyen_US
dc.subjectBiodiversityen_US
dc.subjectMediterranean Seaen_US
dc.titleAlien species in the Mediterranean Sea by 2010. A contribution to the application of European Union's Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). Part I. Spatial distributionen_US
dc.typeReview Articleen_US

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