CEMENT TILES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF THE FIRST NATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT PERIOD: SAMPLES OF İZMİR

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dc.authorid0000-0001-7394-3542
dc.authorid0000-0002-6399-970X
dc.contributor.authorOzkan Tekneci, Zeynep
dc.contributor.authorUcar, Aygul
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-25T07:48:54Z
dc.date.available2025-04-25T07:48:54Z
dc.date.issued2024
dc.departmentEge Üniversitesi, Edebiyat Fakültesi, Sanat Tarihi Bölümü
dc.description.abstractCement tile is a flooring material used to decorate floors, walls, and fa & ccedil;ades as part of the architectural whole. Besides offering a decorative appearance, cement tiles are easy to clean and hygienic. This tiling material prepared with mixtures of pigmented cement, marble powder, white cement, and other minerals consists of three layers. The decorative, patterned, and pigmented layer is at the bottom during production and creates the top surface at the end of production. This patterned layer is prepared by pouring colored cement into the chambers in the partitioned molds. The other two layers, composed of different contents, facilitate the installation of the tile on the floor. Following the discovery of cement, cement tiles were first produced in France in the mid-19th century and spread to settlements around the Mediterranean and then around the whole world through trade routes. The misunderstanding of the French pronunciation caused this material to be known as " karosiman " in Ottoman times. This material was initially imported to cities such as Istanbul, Izmir, and Mersin, where much of the Ottoman- time Levantine population lived, soon becoming widespread throughout Anatolia and was used in many different building types during the Ottoman period. When examined specifically in the case of Izmir, cement tiles were generally used in residential buildings dating from the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were also preferred to tile the floors of many public buildings, such as hospitals, schools, inns, cinemas, libraries, banks, and business halls built under the influence of the First National Architectural Movement. The First National Architectural Movement was influential in Turkish architecture between 1908 and 1930, a period that started with the declaration of the Second Constitutional Monarchy and covered important events such as the national struggles and the proclamation of the Republic. The public buildings in Izmir built in the First National Architectural Movement period mostly date to the 1920s. In terms of fa & ccedil;ade design, these buildings are characterized by decorative elements taken from Seljuk and Classical Ottoman architecture. Although the First National Architecture Movement is a style characterized by its fa & ccedil;ade features, it also influenced the interior decoration of the buildings. In parallel with the fa & ccedil;ade features, the use of pointed, flattened, and Bursa-type arches, column capitals with stalactites, and balustrades with interlaced geometric compositions draw attention to the interiors. In these buildings, cement tiles were used as flooring material but have become an element that complements the whole. Seljuk and Ottoman ornamental motifs such as tulips, carnations, multi-armed stars, and geometric interlaces were painted on the cement tiles. The spirit of the period was made to feel from the fa & ccedil;ades to the floors. This article aims to introduce the cement tiles used in the public buildings built during the First National Architecture Movement by considering the motif, color, and form features and the places where they were used and to emphasize their place in the period through samples in Izmir.
dc.identifier.citationTekneci, Z. Ö., & Uçar, A. (2024). İzmir Örnekleriyle Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Dönemi Kamu Yapılarında Karosimanlar. Sanat Tarihi Dergisi, 33(2), 1023-1049.
dc.identifier.doi10.29135/std.1500785
dc.identifier.endpage1050
dc.identifier.issn1300-5707
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.startpage1023
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.29135/std.1500785
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11454/117155
dc.identifier.volume33
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001400964400018
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ3
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.institutionauthorOzkan Tekneci, Zeynep
dc.institutionauthorUcar, Aygul
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0001-7394-3542
dc.institutionauthorid0000-0002-6399-970X
dc.language.isotr
dc.publisherE.U. Printing and Publishing House
dc.relation.ispartofSanat Tarihi Dergisi-Journal of Art History
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectarchitect
dc.subjecturecement tiles
dc.subjectFirst National Architecture Movement
dc.subjectIzmir
dc.subjectfloor tile
dc.titleCEMENT TILES IN PUBLIC BUILDINGS OF THE FIRST NATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL MOVEMENT PERIOD: SAMPLES OF İZMİR
dc.typeArticle

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