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Öğe Adsorption-membrane filtration (AMF) hybrid process for boron removal from seawater: an overview(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Kabay, N.; Bryjak, M.; Schlosser, S.; Kitis, M.; Avlonitis, S.; Matejka, Z.; Al-Mutaz, I.; Yuksel, M.The general objective of this study is to explore the suitability and performance of the adsorption-membrane filtration (AMF) hybrid process technology for boron removal from seawater and/or RO first stage permeate.Öğe Classification of volatile products evolved at fast co-pyrolysis of Goynuk oil shale with low density polyethylene(Estonian Acad Publishers, 2008) Salepcioglu, S.; Gungoren, T.; Sert, M.; Erdem, S.; Saglam, M.; Yuksel, M.; Ballice, L.Fast co-pyrolysis of Goynuk oil shale (GOS) with low density polyethylene (LDPE) was investigated. The aim of the research was to determine the distribution of volatile products and conversion of blends at different temperatures and time intervals. Pyrolysis of oil shale, LDPE and co-pyrolysis of oil shale-LDPE blend of the total carbon ratio of 1:1 were performed by using the fast pyrolysis method in an isothermal pyrolysis reactor. Volatile organic products eluted from the reactor were collected at different temperatures and time intervals by using a special sampling technique. Fast pyrolysis products were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. In the aliphatic fraction of pyrolysis products, n-paraffins and 1-olefins were classified by their carbon number. The effect of co-pyrolysis on conversion of total organic carbon into volatile products was identified by determination of the experimental and the hypothetical mean values. Possible synergetic effect was investigated by comparing the results on fast pyrolysis of GOS and LDPE. The effect of co-processing of GOS with LDPE was determined by calculating the difference between experimental and hypothetical mean value of conversion of total organic carbon into volatile products. The experimental conversion of the blend to volatile hydrocarbons was found to be lower than hypothetical mean value of conversion at co-pyrolysis, and thus, no synergetic effect was observed.Öğe Effect of ionic strength of solution on boron mass transfer by ion exchange separation(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007) Yilmaz, I.; Kabay, N.; Yuksel, M.; Holdich, R.; Bryjak, M.In the present study, batch kinetic tests have been performed for boron removal from model solutions using boron selective ion exchange resins Diaion CRB 02, Dowex (XUS 43594.00) and Purolite S 108. Several kinetic models have been used to evaluate the sorption kinetics of boron by means of a well mixed stirred system, diffusional models, pseudo-first-order, and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. The mass transfer model, based on a well stirred system including maximum capacity (Q(m), mg/g) and Langmuir constant (b, L/mg) values obtained from Langmuir isotherms, has been used to obtain predictive concentration changes against time. The experimental results have been used to compare with the modelling data for different ionic strength media.Öğe EFFECT OF MINERAL MATTER ON PRODUCT YIELD AND COMPOSITION AT ISOTHERMAL PYROLYSIS OF TURKISH OIL SHALES(Estonian Academy Publishers, 2009) Sert, M.; Ballice, L.; Yuksel, M.; Saglam, M.This study was aimed to investigate the effect of mineral matter of Goynuk oil shales (GOS) on pyrolysis and product evolution. Organic part was separated from mineral matter before pyrolysis in an isothermal pyrolysis reactor. In the demineralization step, carbonate, pyrite and silicates were removed from kerogen by using HCl, HNO(3) and HF, respectively. Thereafter all samples were pyrolized in an isothermal pyrolysis apparatus. The temperatures for pyrolysis experiments were 450, 500, 550, 600, 650 degrees C. Recoveries of volatiles and total hydrocarbons increased with increasing temperature. At pyrolysis of silicate-free oil shale (GOS-F), volatile hydrocarbon recovery (VHR) increased nearly by 10 wt.% as compared with VHR from raw oil shale sample (GOS-R) at each pyrolysis temperature. Carbon content of solid residue was also calculated. The effect of mineral content of oil shale on product yield and composition was determined by establishing carbon balance in the reactor. The amount of solid residue decreased as a function of demineralization degree. The pyrolysis reaction in the presence of silicate mineral showed the catalytic effect of silicate minerals aiding coking reactions, and carbon deposition decreased averagely by 20 wt.% in silicate-free oil shale compared with the value for GOS-R at each temperature.Öğe Effect of pressure on desalination of MBR effluents with high salinity by using NF and RO processes for reuse in irrigation(Elsevier Science Bv, 2018) Hacifazlioglu, M. C.; Tomasini, H. R.; Kabay, N.; Bertin, L.; Pek, T. O.; Kitis, M.; Yigit, N.; Yuksel, M.Clean water sources are quickly depleted since the industrial revolution due to climate change and overpopulation. Use of potable water for agricultural irrigation is under imminent threat. Therefore, it is important to obtain irrigation water from alternative sources such as industrial wastewaters. On the other hand, industrial wastewaters have to be treated well otherwise they can pollute the environment and decrease the irrigation potential of soil. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters have a great potential to be used in agricultural irrigation. In this study, the permeates of NF270 and BW3O-RO membranes were produced from MBR effluent discharged from Wastewater Treatment Plant of ITOB Organized Industrial Zone, Menderes, Izmir. They were evaluated for their reuse in agricultural irrigation. While doing this evaluation, effect of operating pressure on water quality was also investigated. It was found that the RO permeate is not suitable to reuse in irrigation. On the other hand, the NF permeate could be suitable for medium-salinity tolerant plants.Öğe Effect of process parameters on separation performance of nitrate by electrodialysis(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2006) Kabay, N.; Yuksel, M.; Samatya, S.; Arar, O.; Yuksel, U.The electrodialytic separation of nitrate from water was investigated as a function of feed characteristics such as applied voltage, feed flow rate, and nitrate concentration in the solution. The separation performance was evaluated in terms of percent removal of nitrate, process time, and energy consumptions. TS-1-10 electrodialysis equipment (Tokuyama) was used in experimental studies. During the unsteady state run of the ED system, both inlet and outlet concentrations of nitrate and conductivities of streams were measured at certain time intervals until the current drops to 0.01 A. It was obtained that the percent removal of nitrate from the solution increased when the concentration of nitrate in the feed solution increased. The operation time became shorter when a high potential was applied.Öğe Effect of salt combination on separation of monovalent and divalent salts by electrodialysis(Elsevier Science Bv, 2006) Kabay, N.; Ipek, O.; Kahveci, H.; Yuksel, M.The separation of monovalent (Na+, K+) and divalent ions (Ca2+, Mg2+) from binary and ternary mixtures by electrodialysis was compared using various salt combinations (NaCl, NaNO3, KCl, KNO3, K2SO4, Na2SO4, CaCl2, Ca(NO3)(2), MgCl2, Mg(NO3)(2)) at room temperature using a constant flow rate. The efficiencies of each run were evaluated as specific power consumption with the electrical energy consumed only in stack. At 5 V, percent removal of monovalent cations from salt solutions containing monovalent anions (chloride, nitrate) was performed with a higher efficiency than from the salt solutions containing divalent anions (sulfate). When the applied voltage increased to 10 V, the effect of anion charge on percent removal of cations disappeared.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF ACID TREATMENT ON THE PYROLYSIS OF GOYNUK OIL SHALE (TURKEY) BY THERMOGRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS(Estonian Academy Publishers, 2012) Sert, M.; Ballice, L.; Yuksel, M.; Saglam, M.The present study investigates pyrolysis kinetics of raw and pretreated Goynuk oil shales by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Samples were treated with HCl, HNO3 and HF solutions and characterized by TGA data. All experiments were carried out at a heating rate of 5 K min(-1), in the temperature range of 25-1000 degrees C under the nitrogen atmosphere. Coats-Redfern method was used to determine the kinetic parameters of the activation energy using the data from thermogravimetric analysis. From the kinetic analysis it was concluded that Goynuk oil shale samples have two reaction regions and the activation energies of the first region are lower.Öğe Fast pyrolysis of Sirnak Asphaltite (Turkey) and characterization of pyrolysis products(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2008) Sert, M.; Ballice, L.; Yuksel, M.; Saglam, M.; Erdem, S.Fast pyrolysis of Srnak Asphaltite (SASP) was investigated to determine yield and distribution of volatile products at different temperatures. A special sampling technique was used for collecting organic products formed at different time intervals and pyrolysis temperatures. The fast pyrolysis products were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The total product evolution rate was determined for a time range with 10 minutes at each pyrolysis run. n-Paraffin and 1-olefin in aliphatic fraction of pyrolysis products were classified by their carbon number. The evolution of volatile hydrocarbons increased with increasing temperature. The conversion of organic carbon to aliphatic hydrocarbons was found to be 5.9, 8.5, 12.9, 21.2, and 26.6 wt% at 450 degrees C, 500 degrees C, 550 degrees C, 600 degrees C, and 650 degrees C, respectively.Öğe Integrated solution for boron removal from seawater using RO process and sorption-membrane filtration hybrid method(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Guler, E.; Kabay, N.; Yuksel, M.; Yigit, N. O.; Kitis, M.; Bryjak, M.The main objective of this work was to investigate the possibility of implementing a new hybrid system which combines reverse osmosis (RO) process with sorption-membrane filtration method. The RO tests were performed using a small-scale seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) system which was established in Urla Bay, Izmir, Turkey. Dowex (XUS 43594.00) ion exchange resin with a particle size of 0-20 mu m was employed for removal of boron from RO permeates. A submerged-style hollow-fiber module containing two polypropylene membranes (diameter: 1.3 mm, thickness: 200 mu m, pore diameter: 0.4 mu m) and a ZW-1 model submerged ultrafiltration module was used throughout the sorption-membrane filtration hybrid system. Sorption of boron was performed on a fine powdered boron selective ion exchange resin and boron loaded resin was separated by submerged membranes later on. The main advantage of sorption-membrane filtration hybrid process is the opportunity of using very fine particles of the resin, which increases specific surface and results in faster kinetics. Process variables such as resin concentration in the suspension, flow rates of fresh and saturated resins, and permeate have been evaluated in order to determine the efficiency of the hybrid process for boron removal from RO permeate. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Kinetic behaviour of boron selective resins for boron removal using seeded microfiltration system(Elsevier Science Bv, 2007) IPek, I. Yilmaz; Holdich, R.; Kabay, N.; Bryjak, M.; Yuksel, M.In this study, boron selective ion exchange resins (Dowex-XUS 43594.00 and Purolite S 108) and model boron solutions at different ionic strengths were used in order to perform continuous kinetic studies in a seeded microfiltration stirred cell provided by Micropore Technologies (UK). Mass transfer modelling based on a well stirred system, including maximum capacity (Q(m), mg/g) and Langmuir constant (b, L/mg) values obtained from a Langmuir isotherm, coupled with film diffusion around the resin particle and internal diffusion within the particle, was used to predict concentration change of boron against time. Finally, experimental results were compared with the modelling data for different ionic strength mediums to determine the diffusivity of boron inside the resin and mass transfer coefficients. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Performance comparison of reverse osmosis (RO) with integrated nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis process for desalination of MBR effluent(Elsevier, 2019) Parlar, I; Hacifazlioglu, M.; Kabay, N.; Pek, T. O.; Yuksel, M.Membrane bioreactor (MBR) effluents of industrial wastewaters generally include high amounts of salinity, nitrate and hardness. Although MBR process can be applied for the production of low and/or medium quality water, nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) processes are needed for removal of excess salinity from MBR effluent. Since the fouling is a unique problem for membrane systems, pre-treatment operations are gaining importance. Main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of NF system as pre-treatment before RO system in wastewater treatment. Feed solutions with two different conductivities were fed to the RO system for this purpose. In addition, change in the permeate quality was monitored and permeate quality increase was noticed in the NF pre-treatment study. Average normalized permeate fluxes of RO system were 32.3 L/m(2).h and 28.7 L/m(2).h for the study with NF pre-treatment and with only RO study, respectively. Treated wastewaters were also evaluated for the suitability of their reuse in cooling, steam generation as process water and agricultural irrigation. Experiments were performed in wastewater treatment plant of ITOB-Industrial Organized Zone (ITOB-OSB) Tekeli-Menderes, Izmir, Turkey.Öğe Removal of boron from Balcova geothermal water by ion exchange-microfiltration hybrid process(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Kabay, N.; Yilmaz-Ipek, I.; Soroko, I.; Makowski, M.; Kirmizisakal, O.; Yag, S.; Bryjak, M.; Yuksel, M.This study is focused on the application of the ion exchange-submerged microfiltration hybrid process for boron removal from geothermal water containing high level of boron (8-9 mg B/L). The goal of this study is to determine the optimum parameters such as feed flow rate, resin concentration and resin particle size that govern the efficiency of separation process. During the sorption process, 100-200 mL/h of geothermal water was passed through the membrane module at predetermined permeate flow rates. During the short period of operation (2 h) using boron selective ion exchange resin Diaion CRB02, 0.5 mL/min of flow rate for fresh and saturated resin, 4.2 g/L of resin concentration and 45-125 mu m of resin particle size range were found as optimum conditions to decrease the boron concentration in water to the permissible level. In case of the longer period of operation (24 h) conducted by Dowex (XUS 43594.00) resin, a permeate flow rate of 1 mL/min, a resin concentration of 2 g/L and an average resin particle size of 0-20 mu m were the optimum conditions for boron removal from geothermal water.Öğe Removal of Boron from Balcova-Izmir Geothermal Water by Ion Exchange Process: Batch and Column Studies(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009) Ipek, I. Yilmaz; Kabay, N.; Yuksel, M.; Kirmizisakal, Oe.; Bryjak, M.In this study, the efficiency of boron removal from Balcova geothermal water provided by the Izmir Geothermal Energy Company, Turkey, has been investigated using boron selective ion exchange resins Diaion CRB 02 and Dowex (XUS 43594.00) by batch and column methods. The results of the column studies have been evaluated in terms of type of resin and feed flow rate, and the effects of particle size and temperature have been investigated using the results obtained from batch kinetic studies. The data from the kinetic studies have been evaluated using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models. In addition, the classical diffusion models have been used to evaluate the kinetic data obtained to understand the rate-controlling mechanisms.Öğe Removal of boron from SWRO permeate by boron selective ion exchange resins containing N-methyl glucamine groups(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Kabay, N.; Sarp, S.; Yuksel, M.; Kitis, M.; Koseoglu, H.; Arar, Oe.; Bryjak, M.; Semiat, R.The objective of this study is to explore the performance of the boron selective ion exchange resins for boron removal from seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) permeate. A lab-scale cross-flow flat-sheet configuration test unit (SEPA CF II, Osrnonics) and FilmTec RO membranes were used for batch-mode RO tests. Seawater samples containing 5.1 mg B/L were collected from the Mediterranean Sea. The chelating ion exchange resins containing N-methyl glucamine groups (Diaion CRB 02 and Dowex-XUS 43594.00 resins) were employed for batch and column-mode tests to remove boron from SWRO permeate. Optimum resin amount for boron removal from SWRO permeate was found as 1 g resin/L for both Diaion and Dowex resins. The equilibrium half-time for B removal was between 30 and 45 min for Dowex and 20-30 min for Diaion resins. Sorption kinetics for these resins fit to Ho pseudo-second-order kinetics model. Both resins exhibited large breakthrough capacities with boron leakage of less than 0.2 mg B/L. Breakthrough capacity was influenced by space velocity. Boron loaded onto the resins was quantitatively eluted with 5% H2SO4 solution.Öğe Removal of boron from water by electrodialysis: effect of feed characteristics and interfering ions(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Kabay, N.; Arar, O.; Acar, F.; Ghazal, A.; Yuksel, U.; Yuksel, M.Boron removal from aqueous solution by electrodialysis was studied as a function of solution pH, applied voltage, flow rate and initial boron concentration. TS-1-10 electrodialysis equipment (Tokuyama) modified with rotameters was employed for experimental Studies. It was obtained that the highest boron transport was achieved at pH 10.5 due to the increase in dissociation of boric acid in the solution. When initial boron concentration in the solution is high, percent removal of boron increased. The existence of chloride affected the efficiency of boron removal. The effect of sulphate ions was not so apparent for boron removal although the process time for boron separation became longer in the presence of sulphate ions. It was obtained that the specific power consumption increased when the boron concentration in the solution and pH of solution was increased. SPC values increased as the number of ionic species in the solution increased.Öğe Removal of Fluoride from Geothermal Water by Electrodialysis (ED)(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2009) Arda, M.; Orhan, E.; Arar, O.; Yuksel, M.; Kabay, N.Removal of fluoride from geothermal water by electrodialysis (ED) was studied. ED operation was performed according to two methods. In the first method, before the ED operation, the pH of geothermal waters was adjusted to 7-7.5 by the addition of the HCl solution to prevent the precipitation of divalent salts in the concentrate compartment. In the second method, geothermal water was pretreated to precipitate the calcium ions. It was obtained that fluoride was effectively removed from geothermal water by electrodialysis using both of these pretreatment methods. However, it is preferable to use the first method because of its technically simple procedure and lower cost of chemicals used.Öğe Removal of nitrate from ground water by a hybrid process combining electrodialysis and ion exchange processes(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007) Kabay, N.; Yuksel, M.; Samatya, S.; Arar, O.; Yuksel, U.In regions where agricultural activities are highly intensive, nitrate concentrations in ground water are usually above the permissible level for nitrate in drinking water. There are several physicochemical and biological treatment processes typically used to remove nitrate contamination from ground water. In this study, an electrodialysision exchange hybrid process was used for the removal of nitrate from ground water obtained from an agricultural area in the Western Anatolia religion in Turkey. Nitrate was effectively removed from the ground water. The effect of other ionic species such as chloride and sulfates on nitrate removal by electrodialysis has also been studied using deionized water that was dosed with selected anionic and cationic species.Öğe Upgrading scrap tire derived oils using activated carbon supported metal catalysts(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2007) Ucar, S.; Karagoz, S.; Yanik, J.; Yuksel, M.; Saglam, M.Scrap tire derived oils were upgraded over metal-loaded activated carbon catalysts and commercial catalyst at different operating conditions. Activated carbon support was prepared from the pyrolytic carbon black from pyrolysis of scrap tires. Activated carbon catalysts contained the metal pairs of Co- Ni, Co- Mo, and Ni- Mo. All metal-loaded activated carbon catalysts showed similar catalytic activity for upgrading process at 350 degrees C under hydrogen pressure of 7 MPa. However, Ni- Mo/ Ac showed good catalytic activity. Liquid fuels from upgrading oils over Ni- Mo/ Ac and commercial catalyst containing 45-55% of naphtha fraction, 20-25% of kerosene fraction was obtained 350 degrees C under hydrogen pressure of 7 MPa.
