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    Comparison of methotrexate and azathioprine as the first-line steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents in patients with Takayasu ' s arteritis
    (W B Saunders Co-Elsevier Inc, 2024) Kaymaz-Tahra, Sema; Bayindir, Ozun; Ince, Burak; Isik, Ozlem Ozdemir; Kutu, Muhammet Emin; Karakas, Ozlem; Yildirim, Tuba Demirci
    Background: Immunosuppressive (IS) agents are recommended for the first -line treatment of patients with active Takayasu 's arteritis (TAK) together with glucocorticoids (GCs). However, there is limited data comparing the efficacy and outcomes of different IS agents for this purpose. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to compare the outcomes of two most frequently used first -line IS agents, namely methotrexate (MTX) and azathioprine (AZA) in TAK patients. Methods: TAK patients who received any IS agent in addition to GCs as the initial therapy were included in this multicentre, retrospective cohort study. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data of the patients were assessed. In addition, a matched analysis (cc match) using variables 'age ', 'gender ' and 'diffuse aortic involvement ' was performed between patients who received MTX or AZA as the first -line IS treatment. Results: We recruited 301 patients (F/M: 260/41, mean age: 42.2 +/- 13.3 years) from 10 tertiary centres. As the first -line IS agent, 204 (67.8 %) patients received MTX, and 77 (25.6 %) received AZA. Less frequently used IS agents included cyclophosphamide in 17 (5.6 %), leflunomide in 2 (0.5 %) and mycophenolate mofetil in one patient. The remission, relapse, radiographic progression and adverse effect rates were similar between patients who received MTX and AZA as the first -line IS agent. Vascular surgery rate was significantly higher in the AZA group (23% vs. 9 %, p = 0.001), whereas the frequency of patients receiving <= 5 mg/day GCs at the end of the follow-up was significantly higher in the MTX group (76% vs 62 %, p = 0.034). Similarly, the rate of vascular surgery was higher in AZA group in matched analysis. Drug survival was similar between MTX and AZA groups (median 48 months, MTX vs AZA: 32% vs 42 %, p = 0.34). IS therapy was discontinued in 18 (12 MTX, 6 AZA) patients during the follow-up period due to remission. Among those patients, two patients had a relapse at 2 and 6 months, while 16 patients were still on remission at the end of a mean 69.4 ( +/- 50.9) months of follow-up. Conclusions: Remission, relapse, radiographic progression and drug survival rates of AZA and MTX were similar for patients with TAK receiving an IS agent as the first -line f therapy. The rate of vascular surgery was higher and the rate of GC dose reduction was lower with AZA compared to MTX at the end of the follow-up.
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    FLARE-RA in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Turkish
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2023) Ozden, Fatih; Ozkeskin, Mehmet; Aktan, Ozge Ocaker; Yildirim, Tuba Demirci; Sari, Ismail
    Background: Flare Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis (FLARE-RA) is a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to evaluate the flare-related symptoms of individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in the last three months. Objective: The present study aimed to demonstrate the translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the FLARE-RA. Methods: A cross-sectional psychometric analysis study was conducted with a total of 80 patients (61 Women, 19 Men; 49.6 +/- 15.4 years). Patients filled-out the Global Health Assessment (GHA), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28), Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (RAQoL), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) in addition to the Turkish FLARE-RA. In addition, participants' Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded. Thirty patients refilled the FLARE-RA again, one-week later. Results: In the cross-cultural adaptation, translation procedures and pilot study, each item of the Turkish version of the FLARE-RA was found to be comprehensible. The ICC (two-way random-effect, single-measure model) and alpha values of the Turkish FLARE-RA were 0.97 and 0.96, respectively. The MDC95 values calculated for the FLARE-RA, FLARE-RA-arthritis, and FLARE-RA-symptoms scores were 2.01, 1.60, and 1.18, respectively. FLARE-RA, FLARE-RA-arthritis, and FLARE-RA-symptoms scores were highly correlated with VAS-rest, VAS-activity, DAS-28, RAQoL, and HAQ scores (r > 0.50). On the other hand, scores of FLARE-RA, FLARE-RA-arthritis, and FLARE-RA-symptoms were moderately correlated with the GHA-patient subscale, GHA-clinician subscale, ESR, and duration of morning stiffness (0.35 < r < 0.50). Conclusion: The present study results demonstrated the reliability and validity of the Turkish FLARE-RA. FLARE-RA is a practical tool to assess the flare of RA patients.
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    Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the Turkish version of the revised Leeds Disability Questionnaire in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
    (Scientific And Technological Research Council Turkey, 2022) Ozkeskin, Mehmet; Ozden, Fatih; Aktan, Ozge Ocaker; Yildirim, Tuba Demirci; Sari, Ismail
    Background/aim: The revised Leeds Disability Questionnaire (RLDQ) is a unique assessment tool for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS); its comprehensive structure includes posture and neck flexibility parameters. The aim of the study was to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish RLDQ in patients with AS. Materials and methods: A total of 100 AS patients were enrolled in the study. In the first evaluation, patients filled out the Dougados Functional Index (DFI) and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) in addition to RLDQ. Then, patients were refilled the revised RLDQ in the second assessment. Results: The mean age of the patients (40 women, 60 men) was 48.3 +/- 12.6 years. The test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the RLDQ total score were excellent. ICC score and Cronbach's alpha score were calculated as 0.853 and 0.905, respectively. The SEM and MDC values calculated for the RLDQ total score were 2.74 and 7.60, respectively. RLDQ had degrees of correlation with DFI, HAQ, and BASFI of 0.814, 0.742, and 0.852, respectively. Construct validity was excellent (r > 0.50, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The Turkish version of the RLDQ was found to be valid and reliable in patients with AS. It should be emphasized that the RLDQ is a distinctive and valuable tool that focuses separately on neck, posture, or other mobility parameters in the clinical assessment of AS.